- By-elections to the 39th Canadian Parliament
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By-elections to the 39th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the Canadian House of Commons between the 2006 federal election and the 2008 federal election.
Twelve vacancies occurred during the life of the 39th Canadian Parliament in which the Conservative Party of Canada formed a minority government. Nine of these were filled by by-elections and the remaining three were filled at the 2008 federal election.
Contents
Overview
By-election Year Incumbent Party Winner Party Cause Retained Toronto Centre 2008 Bill Graham Liberal Bob Rae Liberal Resignation Yes Willowdale 2008 Jim Peterson Liberal Martha Hall Findlay Liberal Resignation Yes Vancouver Quadra 2008 Stephen Owen Liberal Joyce Murray Liberal Resignation Yes Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River 2008 Gary Merasty Liberal Rob Clarke Conservative Resignation No Outremont 2007 Jean Lapierre Liberal Thomas Mulcair NDP Resignation No Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot 2007 Yvan Loubier Bloc Québécois Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac Bloc Québécois Resignation Yes Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean 2007 Michel Gauthier Bloc Québécois Denis Lebel Conservative Resignation No London North Centre 2006 Joe Fontana Liberal Glen Pearson Liberal Resignation Yes Repentigny 2006 Benoît Sauvageau Bloc Québécois Raymond Gravel Bloc Québécois Death
(car accident)Yes 2006
Two federal by-elections were held in Canada on November 27, 2006, to fill vacancies in the Canadian House of Commons. Both seats were held by their incumbent parties.
London North Centre
Lawn signs for all the major candidates decorate an intersection during the by-election
Long-time MP Joe Fontana resigned from the seat in 2006 in order to run in the London municipal election as a candidate for mayor, requiring a by-election to be held.
The election result presented a major breakthrough for the Green Party. Party leader Elizabeth May tripled the party's local result in the 2006 general election just ten months earlier, placing slightly ahead of former London mayor Dianne Haskett, the candidate of the governing Conservatives.
By-election on 27 November 2006 On Mr. Fontana's resignation, 20 September 2006
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Liberal Glen Pearson 13,285 34.86% -5.25% $77,463 Green Elizabeth May 9,845 25.84% +20.35% $83,392 Conservative Dianne Haskett 9,327 24.48% -5.42% $78,622 New Democrat Megan Walker 5,365 14.08% -9.67% $86,282 Progressive Canadian Steven Hunter 146 0.38% -0.09% $1,805 Independent Robert Ede 78 0.20% - $0.00 Canadian Action Will Arlow 53 0.14% - $2,207 Total 38,099 100.00% Repentigny
MP Benoît Sauvageau was killed in a car accident on August 28, 2006.
There had been pressure from opposition parties for Public Works Minister Michael Fortier, a Conservative senator, to run here — however, he declined. Fortier was appointed to the Senate and the Cabinet to represent Greater Montreal, which elected no Conservatives in the last federal election. Fortier pledged to resign from the Senate and seek election to the House of Commons in the next federal election. Instead, the Conservative candidate was Stéphane Bourgon, a lawyer.
The Bloc Québécois, of which Sauvageau was a member, ran Raymond Gravel, a Roman Catholic priest. [1] The New Democratic Party candidate was union activist and former Canadian navy member Réjean Bellemare, who had also run for the NDP in the previous general election.
The Green Party of Canada had announced that Marc-André Gadoury would be their candidate, but central office did not complete and send paperwork to Marc-André Gadoury, not to name leader signature, in sufficient time to get on the ballot. Gadoury suggested that the Greens did not submit the paperwork on purpose and on November 25, 2006, La Presse reported that Gadoury was endorsing the NDP candidate, Réjean Bellemare.
Raymond Gravel of the Bloc Québécois won the by-election with an approximately two-thirds majority of votes.
By-election on 27 November 2006 Due to the death of Benoît Sauvageau, August 28, 2006
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Bloc Québécois Raymond Gravel 20,635 66.3% +3.98 Conservative Stéphane Bourgon 5,822 18.7% +0.62 New Democrat Réjean Bellemare 2,187 7.0% -0.74 Liberal Christian Turenne 1,940 6.2% -2.45 Independent Jocelyne Leduc 390 1.3% n/a Canadian Action Mahmood Raza Baig 91 0.3% n/a Independent Régent Millette 78 0.3% n/a Total 31,143 100.00% 2007
On September 17, 2007, three federal by-elections were held in the Canadian province of Quebec to fill vacancies in the House of Commons. Each of the three by-elections was won by a different political party.
The by-elections in Outremont and Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot were originally announced by Prime Minister Stephen Harper on July 28, 2007.[2] The third vacancy, in Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean, occurred after the other two by-election campaigns were already underway, but Harper announced the by-election in that riding on August 11, scheduling it for the same date.[3]
Outremont
The riding of Outremont was left vacant by the resignation of Liberal Party MP Jean Lapierre. The by-election resulted in a victory for the New Democratic Party on a substantial swing, whose candidate Thomas Mulcair became only the second New Democrat ever elected from Quebec and the first in seventeen years. The Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot by-election and the Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean by-election were held on the same day.
The by-election was triggered when Lapierre resigned from the House on January 28, to accept a position as a political analyst with Quebec television network TVA and Montreal radio station 98.5 FM. The Prime Minister of Canada has six months to call by-elections, and Prime Minister Stephen Harper called the by-election on the last possible day, July 28.
Candidates
Finally, Liberal leader Stéphane Dion appointed candidate Jocelyn Coulon on July 18.[4] Prior to his current position as an international affairs expert, professor at the University of Montreal and director of the Francophone Research Network on the Operations of Peace (Reseau francophone de recherche sur les operations de paix), Coulon was a journalist for Le Devoir and a director of the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre's Montreal campus.
The Liberal announcement was not without controversy, and was condemned by Jewish lobby group B'nai Brith, even asking for the nomination to be revoked. The group cited Coulon's views on Israel, the United States and Hamas as being "out of step with current Liberal policy."[2] The Quebec-Israel Committee stated that B'Nai Brith's statements were exaggerated and that Coulon had every right to be the Liberal candidate. Though the riding is only 10 per cent Jewish, past Liberal candidates have traditionally relied heavily on the faithful support of this important voting block.
The Bloc Québécois, which came in second in the seat in 2006, selected Belgian-born, Lacanian psychoanalyst Jean-Paul Gilson as their candidate. Gilson immigrated to Canada in 1993.
The New Democratic Party, third place in 2006, selected Thomas Mulcair. Mulcair is a former Liberal Member of the National Assembly of Quebec. He served as Jean Charest's Minister of the Environment from 2003 to 2006, leaving cabinet amidst the controversy surrounding privatisation plans for Mont Orford provincial park. He was the MNA for Chomedey in Laval, Quebec from 1994 to 2007.
On April 20, Mulcair announced he was joining the New Democratic Party during a joint press conference with NDP Leader Jack Layton on Mont Royal.[5] He currently serves as the NDP's Quebec spokesperson. Mulcair was nominated in an uncontested race on June 21 as the NDP candidate.[6]
The Conservatives, selected former Ambassador Gilles Duguay. Mr. Duguay is a former Rhodes scholar of Oxford University in Great Britain, former law professor at the National University in Kinshasa, author of much of Rwanda's constitution, former ambassador to Cameroon, Morocco, Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova, and former professor at McGill University and the University of Montreal.
The Green Party, fifth place in 2006, reselected their 2006 candidate, François Pilon, while the Canadian Action Party selected biochemistry student Alexandre Amirizian. The newly-formed Neorhino.ca, successor to the Rhinoceros Party of Canada, fielded party founder François Gourd on August 7. Gourd wished to finish last in the election.
Several Independent politicians also announced their candidacy, including Romain Angeles, who is running on a platform to abolish political parties; Mahmood Raza Baig, a former Canadian Action candidate in Repentigny and Papineau; Régent Millette, an Independent in Outremont in 2006; John C. Turmel, record holder for most elections contested and for the most elections lost; and Jocelyne Leduc.
Results
By-election on September 17, 2007 Resignation of Jean Lapierre
Party Candidate Votes % ±% New Democrat Thomas Mulcair 11,374 47.5 +30.4 Liberal Jocelyn Coulon 6,933 29.0 –6.1 Bloc Québécois Jean-Paul Gilson 2,618 10.9 –17.9 Conservative Gilles Duguay 2,052 8.6 –4.2 Green François Pilon 529 2.2 –2.6 Neorhino.ca François Yo Gourd 145 0.6 — Independent Mahmood Raza Baig 78 0.3 — Independent Jocelyne Leduc 61 0.3 — Independent Romain Angeles 46 0.2 — Canadian Action Alexandre Amirizian 45 0.2 — Independent Régent Millette 32 0.1 +0.0 Independent John C. Turmel 30 0.1 — Total 23,943 100.00 New Democratic Party gain from Liberal Swing –18.3 2006 Results
Canadian federal election, 2006 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Liberal Jean Lapierre 14,282 35.2 -5.7 Bloc Québécois Jacques Léonard 11,778 29.0 -4.3 New Democrat Léo-Paul Lauzon 6,984 17.2 +3.1 Conservative Daniel Fournier 5,168 12.7 +6.7 Green François Pilon 1,957 4.8 +0.5 Independent Eric Roach Denis 101 0.3 - Progressive Canadian Philip Paynter 94 0.2 - Marxist–Leninist Linda Sullivan 88 0.2 -0.1 Independent Yan Lacombe 85 0.2 - Independent Xavier Rochon 34 0.1 - Independent Régent Millette 22 0.1 - Total 40,593 100.00% Difference 2,504 6.2 Rejected Ballots 282 0.7 Turnout 40,875 60.8 Liberal hold Swing -0.7 Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean
The electoral district of Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean was left vacant by the resignation of Michel Gauthier (Bloc). Although Gauthier resigned after the other two by-elections had already been called, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the by-election on August 11 for the same date as the others.[3]
Notably, Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean was a district which the Tories had heavily targeted in the 2006 election but had narrowly lost. It was seen as the district most likely to be winnable for the party in the by-elections — and thus the by-election Harper was most eager to actually schedule.
Results
Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean by-election, September 17, 2007 Party Candidate Votes % +/– Conservative Party Denis Lebel 17,463 59.7 +22.5 Bloc Québécois Céline Houde 7,830 26.8 –18.4 Liberal Party Louise Boulanger 2,795 9.6 +1.8 New Democratic Party Éric Dubois 675 2.3 –3.2 Green Party Jean-Luc Boily 499 1.7 –2.6 Total 29,262 100 Conservative Party gain from Bloc Québécois 2006 Results
Canadian federal election, 2006 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Bloc Québécois Michel Gauthier 17,586 45.20% -14.21% Conservative Ghislain Lavoie 14,463 37.18% +28.52% Liberal Luc Chiasson 3,014 7.75% -15.45% New Democrat François Privé 2,151 5.53% +0.42% Green Sébastien Girard 1,689 4.34% +0.72% Total valid votes 38,903 100.00% Total rejected ballots 397 1.01 Turnout 39,300 62.15 Difference 3,123 8.03 Bloc Québécois hold Swing -21.4 Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot
The by-election in Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot, resulting from the resignation of Yvan Loubier, was won by BQ candidate Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac, Loubier's former constituency assistant and the first Vietnamese Canadian ever elected to the Canadian House of Commons. However, Thi Lac's 1,478-vote margin of victory over Conservative candidate Bernard Barré was the narrowest victory for the BQ since the party first won the riding in the 1993 election. As in the other two ridings up for election, the Liberals were shut out; their candidate, Jean Caumartin, placed fourth, after the NDP's Brigitte Sansoucy.
Results
Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot by-election, September 17, 2007 Party Candidate Votes % +/- Bloc Québécois Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac 13,443 42.1 -13.9% Conservative Party Bernard Barré 11,965 37.5 +12.7% New Democratic Party Brigitte Sansoucy 2,538 7.9 +2.4% Liberal Party Jean Caumartin 2,376 7.4 -2.4% Green Party Jacques Tétreault 1,169 3.7 -0.2% Neorhino.ca Christian Willie Vanasse 384 1.2 Canadian Action Party Michel St-Onge 61 0.2 Total 31,936 Bloc Québécois hold ' 2006 Results
Canadian federal election, 2006 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Bloc Québécois Yvan Loubier 27,838 56.0% -6.4% Conservative Huguette Guilhaumon 12,323 24.8% +13.8% Liberal Stéphane Deschênes 4,884 9.8% -12.2% New Democrat Joëlle Chevrier 2,723 5.5% +3% Green Jacques Tétreault 1,925 3.9% +1.9% Total valid votes 49,693 100.00% Total rejected ballots 827 1.6 Turnout 50,520 66.4 Difference 15,515 31.2 Bloc Québécois hold Swing -10.1 2008
Four federal by-elections were held in Canada on March 17, 2008 to fill vacancies in the Canadian House of Commons.
The vacancies were caused by the resignations of Liberal MPs Gary Merasty (Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River), Bill Graham (Toronto Centre), Stephen Owen (Vancouver Quadra) and Jim Peterson (Willowdale).
A further three by-elections were scheduled for September 8 due to the resignations of Lucienne Robillard (Westmount—Ville-Marie), Brenda Chamberlain (Guelph) and Maka Kotto (Saint-Lambert), and an eighth by-election, resulting from the resignation of MP John Godfrey (Don Valley West), had been called for September 22, 2008. However, the four by-elections scheduled for September were pre-empted by the issuance on September 7 of election writs for the 2008 federal election.[7]
March 17 by-elections
With all four by-elections taking place in ridings previously held by the Liberals, media generally treated them as a test of Stéphane Dion's leadership. Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River, a swing riding which the Liberals had won by a margin of just 68 votes in the 2006 election and in which the by-election campaign was mired in controversy around the process of appointing candidates, was seen as the only riding of the four that the Liberals could afford to lose — the other three were all safe Liberal ridings whose loss would have been seen as precipitating a major crisis for the party.[8]
Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River
The riding of Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River became vacant on August 31, 2007 with the resignation of Liberal MP Gary Merasty.
David Orchard, a former member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and backer of Stéphane Dion during the Liberal leadership contest, had announced that he would seek the Liberal nomination in Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River. However, on January 3, 2008, Dion used his power of appointment to appoint Joan Beatty as the Liberal candidate for that riding. While Dion had stated several times that he would use his power of appointment to ensure more female candidates,[9] many felt the appointment was a snub to his erstwhile supporter and media reports suggested that Ralph Goodale, a prominent Saskatchewan MP, opposed Orchard's candidacy.[10]
Beatty, who was a New Democratic Party MLA in the Saskatchewan legislature until her federal candidacy was announced, also faced some criticism, both for her switch in party affiliations and for resigning to run federally just seven weeks after being reelected in the 2007 provincial election.[11] Some Liberal Party members in the riding threatened to boycott the by-election entirely, or to vote for another party, if Dion did not rescind the appointment and allow a normal nomination contest to take place.[12]
Voter turnout: 10,462 of 41,841 registered electors (25.0%)
By-election on March 17, 2008 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Conservative Rob Clarke 4,992 47.66% +6.57% Liberal Joan Beatty 3,296 31.47% -9.90% New Democrat Brian Morin 1,830 17.47% +2.10% Green Robin Orr 320 3.05% +0.89% Total rejected ballots 37 0.35% - Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +8.2 Toronto Centre
The riding of Toronto Centre became vacant on July 2, 2007, with the resignation of Liberal MP Bill Graham.
The original Conservative candidate, Mark Warner, was dropped by the party's national council on October 31, 2007,[13] reportedly for not following party policy. Warner eventually endorsed Rae rather than his replacement as Conservative candidate, Don Meredith, after Meredith reportedly told a voter who asked him a question about the ongoing bedbug problem in the St. Jamestown neighbourhood to improve their personal hygiene.[14]
Voter turnout: 23,951 of 85,976 registered electors (27.9%).
By-election on March 17, 2008 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Liberal Bob Rae 14,187 59.23 +7.03 New Democrat El-Farouk Khaki 3,312 13.83 -9.91 Green Chris Tindal 3,199 13.36 +8.15 Conservative Don Meredith 2,939 12.27 -5.94 Animal Alliance Liz White 123 0.51 +0.39 Canadian Action Doug Plumb 97 0.40 - Total rejected ballots 96 0.40 - Liberal hold Swing +8.5 Vancouver Quadra
The riding of Vancouver Quadra became vacant on July 27, 2007 with the resignation of Liberal MP Stephen Owen. Joyce Murray won the Liberal nomination in the riding and faced a hard-fought campaign against Conservative challenger Deborah Meredith. Murray, originally an MLA and former provincial cabinet minister from New Westminster, grew up in the riding, but recently moved back to run for federal office. Her campaign was focussed on environmental issues. Meredith is a UBC law lecturer and has lived in Vancouver Quadra her whole life, campaigning primarily on a tougher judicial system. NDP candidate and UBC student Rebecca Coad focussed her attacks on Murray, criticizing her record as provincial environment minister in Gordon Campbell's government. Green Party candidate Dan Grice, a technology consultant, ran a campaign based on cutting down on carbon emissions and tax shifting, hoping for an electoral breakthrough for his party.
On election day, early results showed Murray and Meredith in a dead heat, see-saw race. Later in the night, Murray was able to capture a more comfortable lead of several hundred votes, and the media declared her the winner. However, as the advanced polls were opened and counted, Meredith started to close the gap. After all 237 polls were counted, Murray remained in the lead, finishing with a narrow 151 (0.53%) vote margin above her Conservative opponent.
Voter turnout: 28,165 of 83,121 registered electors (33.9%).
By-election on March 17, 2008 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Liberal Joyce Murray 10,155 35.96% -12.88% Conservative Deborah Meredith 10,004 35.42% +6.33% New Democrat Rebecca Coad 4,064 14.39% -1.71% Green Dan Grice 3,792 13.43% +8.29% Neorhino.ca John Turner 111 0.39% - Canadian Action Psamuel Frank 40 0.14% - Total rejected ballots 77 0.27% Liberal hold Swing -9.56 Willowdale
The riding of Willowdale became vacant on July 12, 2007 with the resignation of Liberal MP Jim Peterson. Martha Hall Findlay, former Liberal leadership contestant, was a star candidate. She faced Conservative lawyer Maureen Harquail, NDP candidate Rini Ghosh, and Green candidate Lou Carcasole. On election night, Hall Findlay garnered nearly 60% of the vote.
Voter turnout: 22,797 of 93,413 registered electors (24.4%).
By-election on March 17, 2008 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Liberal Martha Hall Findlay 13,507 59.15% +6.92% Conservative Maureen Harquail 6,841 29.96% +0.65% Green Lou Carcasole 1,314 5.75% +1.66% New Democrat Rini Ghosh 1,082 4.74% -6.61% Total rejected ballots 93 0.41% - Liberal hold Swing +3.1 Cancelled by-elections
Four by-elections scheduled for September 2008 were pre-empted by the issuance on September 7 of election writs for the 2008 federal election. In all four ridings, the by-election candidates continued to represent their parties into the general election.
Westmount—Ville-Marie
Conservative, Liberal, NDP, and BQ signs in the Westmount—Ville-Marie by-election.The riding of Westmount—Ville-Marie had been vacant since January 25, 2008 due to the resignation of Liberal MP Lucienne Robillard. The nominated candidates were Marc Garneau (Liberal), Charles Larivée (Bloc Québécois), Guy Dufort (Conservative), Anne Lagacé Dowson (New Democrat), Claude William Genest (Green) and independents Régent Millette, David Sommer Rovins and Ronald Andrew Wattie.
The by-election was scheduled for September 8.
Saint-Lambert
The riding of Saint-Lambert had been vacant since March 13, 2008 due to Bloc Québécois MP Maka Kotto's resignation in order to run for a seat in the Quebec National Assembly. Kotto was elected to the National Assembly in a May 12, 2008 provincial by-election. The new BQ candidate was Josée Beaudin. The NDP nominated Richard Marois, president of the Conseil régional de l’environnement de la Montérégie, the Liberals ran lawyer and Crown attorney Roxane Stanners, the Conservative candidate was Patrick Clune, and the Greens nominated occupational therapist Diane Joubert.
The by-election was scheduled for September 8.
Guelph
The riding of Guelph was held by Liberal Brenda Chamberlain, until she resigned her seat effective April 7, 2008. The Conservative candidate was originally businessman Brent Barr, but his candidacy was rejected by the party in October without specific reasons for the move being made public.[15] Municipal councillor Gloria Kovach was subsequently nominated as the Conservative candidate and faced lawyer Frank Valeriote for the Liberals, author and broadcaster Tom King for the NDP,[15] business manager Mike Nagy for the Greens, Philip Bender ran for the Libertarians, Kornelis Klevering ran for the Marijuana Party, Karen Levenson ran for the Animal Alliance Environment Voters Party, Manuel Couto for the Marxist-Leninist Party, Drew Garvie for the Communist Party and John C. Turmel ran as an independent.[16]
The by-election was scheduled for September 8.
Don Valley West
The riding of Don Valley West was held by Liberal John Godfrey who initially said he would resign from the House of Commons on July 1, 2008 in order to accept a position as headmaster of Toronto French School, but delayed his resignation until August 1. The delay was reportedly at the request of the Liberal Party which, the National Post claimed did not want to fight four by-elections simultaneously for financial reasons.[17] Godfrey's office stated the delay was due to a private members bill Godfrey had worked on not being given royal assent until June 26.[15]
This by-election was scheduled for September 22. Due to the timing of Godfrey's retirement, the Don Valley West by-election could not have been added to the September 8 trio. Under current Canadian election law, a by-election cannot occur any earlier than 47 working days (an 11-day period to ensure that Elections Canada has been notified of the vacancy, plus a minimum 36-day campaign) after a vacancy occurs in the House.
Rob Oliphant was nominated as the Liberal Party's standard-bearer on March 2, 2008 after defeating former Parkdale—High Park MP Sarmite Bulte for the nomination on the fourth ballot. Constitutional lawyer Deborah Coyne had also contested the nomination but withdrew in February and backed Oliphant.[18] The Conservative Party of Canada re-nominated 2006 candidate John Carmichael, the New Democratic Party nominated actor David Sparrow, while the Green Party nominated Georgina Wilcock, a medical doctor with specialist training in obstetrics and gynecology.
See also
References
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b "Harper calls byelections in two Quebec ridings". CTV News, July 28, 2007.
- ^ a b "Harper calls third Quebec byelection for Sept. 17". CTV News, August 11, 2007.
- ^ "Coulon to run as Outremont's Liberal". Canoe.ca. 2007-07-18. http://www.canada.com/montreal/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=6aa8fe39-530f-44ba-b67c-f024b0decb1a&k=20376. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
- ^ "Layton recruits ex-Quebec environment minister to carry NDP banner". Canoe.ca. 2007-04-20. http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2007/04/20/4080245-cp.html. Retrieved 2007-07-29.[dead link]
- ^ "Former Quebec cabinet minister to run in Montreal riding as NDP candidate". Yahoo News Canada. 2007-07-20. http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/070620/national/layton_candidate_4. Retrieved 2007-07-29.[dead link]
- ^ Woods, Allan (August 23, 2008). "Tories set up early election call". The Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/News/Canada/article/484135. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
- ^ "It's a great day for Liberals", Linda Diebel, Toronto Star, March 18, 2008.
- ^ Dion offers plan for gender parity in Parliament, July 12, 2006
- ^ Delacourt, Susan, "Dion accused of snubbing Orchard", Toronto Star, January 5, 2008.
- ^ "Joan Beatty, Explain Yourself", CKOM News/Talk 650, January 4, 2008.
- ^ "Saskatchewan Liberals may boycott by-election", The Globe and Mail, January 26, 2008.
- ^ Susan Delacourt, "Harper's team dumps city-friendly candidate", Toronto Star, November 1, 2007
- ^ Weisblott, Marc, "What about Bob?", Eye Weekly, March 12, 2008
- ^ a b c "Candidates girding for byelection calls", Hill Times, July 14, 2008
- ^ "Lots of Choice for City Voters". Guelph Tribune. 2008-09-26. http://www.guelphtribune.ca/news/article/145259. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
- ^ Ivison, John, "Liberal war chest on credit", National Post, July 9, 2008
- ^ Queen, Lisa, "Oliphant wins tough federal Liberal race", The (East York-Rivedale) Mirror, March 3, 2008, accessed March 4, 2008
Categories:- 2006 elections in Canada
- 2007 elections in Canada
- 2008 elections in Canada
- 39th Canadian Parliament
- Federal by-elections in Canada
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