- Devil (Islam)
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"Iblis" redirects here. For other uses, see Iblis (disambiguation)."Shaitan" redirects here. For the 2011 film, see Shaitan (film).
This article is part of the series: Islam 
In Islam, the Devil is known as ʾIblīs (Arabic: إبليس) or Shayṭān (Arabic: شيطان) (plural: شياطين Shayāṭīn). According to the Qurʾān, God created Iblis out of "smokeless fire or from the pure flame of fire" (along with all of the other jinn) and created man out of clay. The primary characteristic of the Devil, besides hubris, is that he has no power other than the power to cast evil suggestions into the heart of men, women, and jinn, although the Qurʾān does mention appointing jinn to assist those who are far from God in a general context. "We made the Shayatin (devils) ʾAwliyāʾ (protectors and helpers) for those who believe not." (سورة الأعراف al-ʾAʿraf, Chapter #7, Verse #27)
Contents
Namings and etymology
Muslims traditionally derived the name from the Arabic verbal root balasa بَلَسَ, meaning "he despaired"; therefore, the meaning of ʾIblīs would be "he/it that causes despair".[1]
"Shaytan" "Satan" (Arabic: شيطان, from the Hebrew שָׂטָן. In popular Islamic culture, Shaitan is often simply translated as "The Devil," but can refer to any of the beings who rebelled against God. Shaytan has a similar meaning and origin to the English word Satan.
The Devil in Islamic theology
According to The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, shaytan is used in the Qurʾān "in both the singular and the plural, often interchangeably with Iblis" who is "considered to be a particular shaytan".[2]
According to basic Islamic teachings, God created at least three intelligent species: angels, jinns, and humans, of which the latter two have been granted free will to choose between good and evil.[3][4]
Iblis was a jinn and a devoted servant of God, according to the Qur’an, which Muslims take as the authoritative word of God.[5][6][7] However, according to other non-Qurʾānic sources he was a "disobedient angel".[2][8]
The angels do not have free will and simply do not sin because they were not granted the freedom by God to disobey. When God created Adam (see Islamic view of Adam), He commanded all the angels and Iblis (whose rank allowed him to be considered equal to that of an angel) to prostrate to Adam as was termed "the Best of Creation". All the angels did so. The jinn Iblis refused to obey, and was brought in to a state of rebellion against God. For this God cast him out of the Garden, and intended to punish him. Iblis begged God to delay the punishment until the Last Day (the Day of Judgment): this God granted, as He is Most Merciful (ar-Raḥīm).
It is We Who created you and gave you shape; then We bade the angels prostrate to Adam, and they prostrate; not so Iblis; He refused to be of those who prostrate.
God said: "What prevented thee from prostrating when I commanded thee?" He said: "I am better than he: Thou didst create me from fire, and him from clay."Iblis was proud and arrogant and considered himself superior to Adam, since Adam was made from clay and Iblis from smokeless fire. For this act of disobedience, God cursed him to Hell for eternity, but gave him respite until the Day of Judgment (Qiyāmah), after Iblis requested it. Iblis obtained permission from God and vowed that he would use this time to lead all human men and women astray to Hell as a way of revenge against them. By refusing to obey God’s order he was thrown out of Paradise and thereafter he was called "Shaytan".
He said: "Give me respite till the day they are raised up."
(Allah) said: "Be thou among those who have respite."
He said: "Because thou hast thrown me out of the way, lo! I will lie in wait for them on thy straight way:
"Then will I assault them from before them and behind them, from their right and their left: Nor wilt thou find, in most of them, gratitude (for thy mercies)."
(Allah) said: "Get out from this, disgraced and expelled. If any of them follow thee,- Hell will I fill with you all.—Qurʾān (Yusuf Ali's translation), sura 7 (Al-A'raf), ayat[10]Although God grants the request, He also warns the Shaytan that he would have no authority over His sincere ‘ubūd "devoted servants".
"As for My servants, no authority shalt thou have over them:" Enough is thy Lord for a Disposer of affairs.Shaytan as a "Whisperer"
In Islamic theology, Shaytan and his minions are "whisperers", who whisper into the hearts of men and women, urging them to commit sin. This is where the desire to sin comes from, according to Islam.
The Qurʾān provides a supplication for mankind, aimed at fighting the tempting of ash-Shaytan and his minions:
Say: I seek refuge with the Lord and Cherisher of Mankind,
The King (or Ruler) of Mankind,
The God (or judge) of Mankind,-
From the mischief of the Whisperer (of Evil), who withdraws (after his whisper),-
(The same) who whispers into the hearts of Mankind,-
Among Jinns and among men.Ahmadiyya Views
Ahmadis believe that Devil was not from angels.[13]
References
- ^ Iblis
- ^ a b Esposito, Oxford Dictionary of Islam, 2003, p.279
- ^ Quran 10:44
- ^ Quran 7:12
- ^ Quran 18:50
- ^ Quran 15:27
- ^ Quran 38:76
- ^ Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira, 2001, p.189
- ^ Quran 7:11–12
- ^ Quran 7:14–18
- ^ Quran 17:65
- ^ Quran 114:1–6
- ^ "The Belief In The Angels". AL-Islam. http://www.alislam.org/books/study-of-islam/angels.html. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
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