DTS (sound system)

For other uses, see DTS (disambiguation).

DTS, Inc.

Type	Public
Traded as	NASDAQ: DTSI
Industry	Audio, Audio data compression, Audio Encoding, Audio Remastering
Founded	June 1991
Headquarters	Calabasas, California, United States
Key people	Jon Kirchner (Chairman, President and CEO)
Products	DTS-HD Master Audio Suite DTS HD Surround Audio Suite
Website	www.dts.com

DTS is a series of multichannel audio technologies owned by DTS, Inc. (NASDAQ: DTSI, formerly known as Digital Theater Systems, Inc.), an American company specializing in digital surround sound formats used for both commercial/theatrical and consumer grade applications. It was known as The Digital Experience until 1995.

History

Work on the format started in 1991, four years after Dolby Labs started work on its new codec, Dolby Digital. The basic and most common version of the format is a 5.1-channel system, similar to a Dolby Digital setup, which encodes the audio as five primary (full-range) channels plus a special LFE (low-frequency effects) channel for the subwoofer.

Note, however, that encoders and decoders support numerous channel combinations, and stereo, four-channel, and four-channel+LFE soundtracks have been released commercially on DVD, CD, and Laserdisc.

Other, newer DTS variants are also currently available, including versions that support up to seven primary audio channels plus one LFE channel (DTS-ES). These variants are generally based on DTS's core-and-extension philosophy, in which a core DTS data stream is augmented with an extension stream which includes the additional data necessary for the new variant in use. The core stream can be decoded by any DTS decoder, even if it does not understand the new variant. A decoder which does understand the new variant decodes the core stream, and then modifies it according to the instructions contained in the extension stream. This method allows backward compatibility.

DTS's main competitors in multichannel theatrical audio are Dolby Digital and SDDS, although only Dolby Digital and DTS are used on DVDs and implemented in home theater hardware.

One of the DTS Inc.'s initial investors was film director Steven Spielberg, who felt that theatrical sound formats up until the company's founding were no longer state of the art, and as a result were no longer optimal for use on projects where quality sound reproduction was of the utmost importance. Spielberg debuted the format with his 1993 production of Jurassic Park, which came slightly less than a full year after the official theatrical debut of Dolby Digital (Batman Returns). In addition, Jurassic Park also became the first home video release to contain DTS sound when it was released on LaserDisc in January 1997, two years after the first Dolby Digital home video release (Clear and Present Danger on Laserdisc), which debuted in January 1995.

A photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats (or "quad track")- from left to right: SDDS (blue area to the left of the sprocket holes), Dolby Digital (grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the Dolby "Double-D" logo in the middle), analog optical sound (the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes), and the DTS time code (the dashed line to the far right.)

In theatrical use, a proprietary 24-bit time code is optically imaged onto the film. An LED reader scans the timecode data from the film and sends it to the DTS processor, using the time code to synchronize the projected image with the DTS soundtrack audio. The multi-channel DTS audio is recorded in compressed form on standard CD-ROM media at a bitrate of 882 kbit/s. The audio compression used in the theatrical DTS system (which is very different and completely unrelated to the home Coherent Acoustics-based DTS Digital Surround format) is the APT-X100 system. Unlike the home version of DTS or any version of Dolby Digital, the APT-X100 system is fixed at a 4:1 compression ratio. Data reduction is accomplished via sub-band coding with linear prediction and adaptive quantization. The theatrical DTS processor acts as a transport mechanism, as it holds and reads the audio discs. When the DTS format was launched, it used one or two discs with later units holding three discs, thus allowing a single dts processor to handle two-disc film soundtracks along with a third disc for theatrical trailers. The DTS time code on the 35mm print identifies the film title which is matched to the individual DTS CD-ROMs, guaranteeing that the film cannot be played with the wrong disc. Each DTS CD-ROM contains a DOS program that the processor uses to play back the soundtrack, allowing system improvements or bug fixes to be added easily. Unlike Dolby Digital and SDDS, or the home version of DTS, the theatrical DTS system only carries 5 discrete channels on the CD-ROMs. The .1 LFE subwoofer track is mixed into the discrete surround channels on the disc and recovered via low-pass filters in the theater.

DTS and Dolby Digital (AC-3), DTS's chief competitor in the cinema and home theater market, are often compared due to their similarity in product goals. In theatrical installations, AC-3 audio is placed between sprocket holes, leaving the audio content susceptible to physical damage due to film wear and mishandling. DTS audio is stored on a separate set of CD-ROM media, whose greater storage capacity affords the potential to deliver better audio fidelity. However, the separation of print film and audio track has both pluses and negatives. AC-3 (and SDDS) reside entirely on the 35 mm film itself, simplifying distribution by eliminating an extra (optional) deliverable. But DTS's CD-ROM media is not subject to the usual wear and damage suffered by the film print during the normal course of the movie's theatrical screening. Disregarding the separate CD-ROM assembly as a potential point of failure, the DTS audiopath is comparatively impervious to film degradation, unless the film-printed timecode is completely destroyed.

In the consumer (home theater) market, AC-3 and DTS are close in terms of audio performance. When the DTS audio track is encoded at its highest legal bitrate (1509.75 kbit/s), technical experts rank DTS as perceptually transparent for most audio program material (i.e., indistinguishable to the uncoded source in a double blind test).^{[citation needed]} Dolby claims its competing AC-3 codec achieves similar transparency at its highest coded bitrate (640 kbit/s). However, in program material available to home consumers (DVD, broadcast, and subscription digital TV), neither AC-3 nor DTS typically run at their highest allowed bitrate. DVD and broadcast (ATSC) HDTV cap AC-3 bitrate at 448 kbit/s. But even at that rate, consumer audio gear already enjoys better audio performance than theatrical (35 mm movie) installations, which are limited to even lower bitrates. When DTS audio was introduced to the DVD specification, studios authored DVD movies at DTS's full bitrate (1509.75 kbit/s). Later, movie titles were almost always encoded at a reduced bitrate of 754.5 kbit/s, ostensibly to increase the number of audio tracks on the movie disc. At this reduced rate (754.5 kbit/s), DTS no longer retains audio transparency.

AC-3 and DTS are sometimes judged by their encoded bitrates. DTS proponents claim that the extra bits give higher fidelity and more dynamic range, providing a richer and more lifelike sound. But no conclusion can be drawn from their respective bitrates, as each codec relies on different coding tools and syntax to compress audio.

In May 2008, DTS sold its cinema division to Beaufort California Inc., now known as Datasat Digital Entertainment.

Controversy

The format is largely inspired by the LC Concept developed in France in the late 1980s by Elisabeth Lochen and Pascal Chédeville (hence the name of LC). The DTS patents were strictly identical to those of LC and had been filed 18 months later. Elisabeth Lochen and Pascal Chédeville later sold their patents to them.

DTS audio codec

On the consumer level, DTS is the oft-used shorthand for the DTS Coherent Acoustics codec, transportable through S/PDIF and used on DVDs and Laserdiscs. This system is the consumer version of the DTS standard, using a similar codec without needing separate DTS CD-ROM media. Both music and movie DVDs allow delivery of DTS audio tracks, but DTS was not part of the original DVD specification (1997), so early DVD players did not recognize DTS audio tracks at all. The DVD specification was revised to allow optional inclusion of DTS audio tracks. The DVD title must carry one or more primary audio tracks in AC-3 or LPCM format (in Europe, MPEG-1 Layer 2 is also an allowed primary track format). The DTS audio track, if present, can be selected by the user. Modern DVD players can now decode DTS natively with no problem, or pass it through to an external decoder. Nearly all standalone receivers and many integrated ("home theater in a box") DVD player/receivers manufactured today can decode DTS.

A small number of Laserdiscs carry DTS soundtracks. The NTSC Laserdisc format allows for either analog audio only or both analog and digital audio tracks. Laserdiscs encoded with DTS sound replace the LPCM digital audio track with the DTS soundtrack. This soundtrack is output via digital coaxial or optical audio outputs and requires an external decoder to process the bitstream. Consumers without a DTS decoder are only able to listen to the analog audio tracks on the disc.

For PC playback, many software players support the decoding of DTS. The VideoLAN project has created a decoding module for DTS called libdca (formerly libdts), which is the first open source implementation of DTS.^[1]

Sony's PlayStation 3 and Microsoft's Xbox 360 are capable of DTS decoding and output via TOSLINK or HDMI as LPCM. However, HDMI output on the Xbox 360 is only found on the "Elite" model and newer models available since mid-2007, with the release of the Falcon chipset. Also, the Xbox 360 cannot decode DTS from DTS Audio CDs. PlayStation 3 consoles can bitstream DTS over HDMI. The newer "slim" models are able to bitstream DTS-HD MA as well.

DTS variants

In addition to the standard 5.1-channel DTS Surround codec, the company has several other technologies in its product range designed to compete with similar systems from Dolby Labs. Those which conceptually extend DTS (to add more channels and/or more accurate sound reproduction) are implemented as extensions to a core DTS Coherent Acoustics data stream [3]. The core stream is compatible with DTS decoders which do not support the extension(s); the extension(s) provide the additional data required to implement the additional functionality.

The primary new technologies are:

DTS 70 mm

This is a process designed specifically for playback in motion picture theaters equipped with 70mm projection and 6-track surround sound. The 70 mm DTS prints do not have 6-track magnetic striping, so there is no analog backup should the digital sound fail. The time code track on the film is many times wider than the 35mm version, since it can occupy the real estate formerly taken up by a magnetic track. Theaters with 70 mm DTS frequently install two time code readers for greater reliability.

The gradual disappearance of 70 mm as a common exhibition format has led to DTS-70 being reserved for niche engagements of 70 mm revivals and restorations. Dolby Digital has not been adapted to the 70 mm format.

DTS-ES

DTS-ES (DTS Extended Surround) includes two variants, DTS-ES Matrix and DTS-ES Discrete 6.1, depending on how the sound was originally mastered and stored.^[2] Both variants are implemented in ways which are compatible with DTS decoders which do not include support for DTS-ES.

DTS-ES Matrix provides 5.1 discrete channels, with a matrixed center-surround audio channel. DTS processors that are compatible with the ES codec look for and recognize "flags" built into the audio coding and "unfold" the rear-center sound from data that would otherwise be sent to rear surround speakers. DTS decoders which do not understand ES process the sound as if it were standard 5.1, and the matrixed audio for the center surround channel is output equally from the two surround speakers (very much as a sound intended to be in the centre of the sound field in a stereo recording is played equally by the left and right speakers). This is notated as DTS-ES 5.1.

DTS-ES Discrete provides 6.1 discrete channels, with a discretely recorded (nonmatrixed) center-surround channel; in home theater systems with a 7.1 configuration, the two rear-center speakers play in mono. To maintain compatibility with DTS decoders which do not support DTS-ES, the center-surround channel is also matrixed into the left and right surround channels, so that the rear center channel's sound is still present when played in 5.1 on a non-ES system; an ES decoder removes the matrixed audio from these two channels when playing back DTS-ES Discrete soundtracks. DTS-ES Discrete is sometimes notated as DTS-ES 6.1. Only a few DVD titles have been released with DTS-ES Discrete.

In contrast, Dolby's competing EX codec, which also boasts a center rear channel, can only handle matrixed data and does not support a discrete sixth channel; it is most directly comparable to DTS-ES Matrix.

Note: The center-rear/surround channel is encoded and decoded in exactly the same way as the center-front. The center surround channel can be decoded using any surround sound processor by feeding the left and right surround signals to the processor inputs. Left-Center-Right surround is produced. This will work for a "center surround" reproduction, whether the source material is explicitly encoded, as in DTS-ES, or hidden as ambience in any 5.1 source, including DTS-ES 5.1 and Dolby 5.1.

DTS Neo:6

DTS Neo:6, like Dolby's Pro Logic IIx system, can take stereo content and convert the sound into 5.1 or 6.1 channel format, but in a 7.1 configuration, the two rear-center speakers play in mono. Unlike Dolby Pro Logic II's broadband logic steering, Neo:6 is a multi-band decoder, meaning that the decoder can enhance more than one predominant signal at a time — provided each predominant signal lies in a different frequency band than the others. The number of bands steered varies in each Neo:6 implementation, with the first decoders steering in 12 separate bands and later units steering up to 19.

DTS Neo:X

DTS Neo:X, can take stereo, 5.1, 6.1, or 7.1 source material and output up to 11.1 channels including front height and width channels. Unlike Dolby's Pro Logic IIz's system, which only adds front height channels to the 7.1 configuration, Neo:X supports both front height and front wide channels. DTS Neo:X also supports 11.1 encoding through matrixing of front height and front wide channel information into the front and surround channels, respectively, of a 5.1 or 7.1 audio mix.

DTS 96/24

DTS 96/24 allows the delivery of 5.1 channels of 24-bit, 96 kHz audio and high quality video on the DVD-Video format. Prior to the development of DTS 96/24, it was only possible to deliver two channels of 24-bit, 96 kHz audio on DVD Video. DTS 96/24 can also be placed in the video zone on DVD-Audio discs, making these discs playable on all DTS-compatible DVD players. DTS 96/24 is implemented as a core DTS stream plus an extension containing the deltas to enable 96/24 sound reproduction.

DTS-HD High Resolution Audio

DTS-HD High Resolution Audio, along with DTS-HD Master Audio, compose the DTS-HD extension to the original DTS audio format. It delivers up to 7.1 channels of sound at a 96 kHz sampling frequency and 24-bit depth resolution. DTS-HD High Resolution Audio is selected as an optional surround sound format for Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD, with constant bit rates up to 6.0 Mbit/s and 3.0 Mbit/s, respectively. It is supposed to be an alternative for DTS-HD Master Audio where disc space may not allow it. DTS-HD High Resolution Audio is implemented as a core DTS stream plus an extension containing the two additional channels plus deltas to enable 96/24 sound reproduction.

DTS-HD Master Audio

DTS-HD Master Audio logo.

Main article: DTS-HD Master Audio

DTS-HD Master Audio, previously known as DTS++,^[3] is the second of two DTS-HD audio formats.^[4] It supports a virtually unlimited number of surround sound channels, can downmix to 5.1 and two-channel, and can deliver audio quality at bit rates extending from DTS Digital Surround up to lossless (24-bit, 192 kHz).

DTS-HD Master Audio is selected as an optional surround sound format for Blu-ray and HD DVD, where it has been limited to a maximum of 8 discrete channels. DTS-HD MA supports variable bit rates up to 24.5 Mbit/s on a Blu-ray Disc and up to 18.0 Mbit/s for HD DVD, with two-channel encoded at up to 192 kHz or 8 channels encoded at 96 kHz/24 bit. If more than two channels are used, a "channel remapping" function allows for remixing the soundtrack to compensate for a different channel layout in the playback system compared to the original mix.

All Blu-ray and HD DVD players can decode the DTS "core" resolution soundtrack at 1.5 Mbit/s, however, as DTS-HD Master Audio is also implemented as a standard DTS core plus extensions. DTS-HD Master Audio and Dolby TrueHD are the only technologies that deliver compressed lossless surround sound for these new disc formats, ensuring the highest quality audio performance available in the new standards. (N.B.: DTS Coherent Acoustics' coding system has been selected as mandatory audio technology for both the Blu-ray Disc [BD] and HD DVD).^[5]

Toshiba's line of HD DVD players, with the exception of the Toshiba HD-XA2 and HD-A35, down-mix lossless audio^[6] through the player's own codecs. In short, DTS-HD/MA, as well as Dolby TrueHD, are reduced from the above announced bit-rates to 1.5Mbs and 640kpbs respectively. This detail, e.g. the HD-A30, is not explained in either the product manual or the extensive description on this player's website.^[7] The only reference is this: "...DTS-HD (core only)..." without explaining what this means.

DTS Connect

DTS Connect is a blanket name for a two-part system used on the computer platform only, in order to convert PC audio into the DTS format, transported via a single S/PDIF cable.^[8] The two components of the system are DTS Interactive and DTS Neo:PC. It is found on various CMedia soundcards and onboard audio with Realtek ALC883DTS/ALC889A/ALC888DD-GR and SoundMAX AD1988 chips, as well as several cards based on the X-Fi chipset, such as the SoundBlaster Titanium series and Auzentech's X-Fi Forte, X-Fi Prelude, X-Fi Home Theater HD and X-Fi Bravura cards.

• DTS Interactive: This is a real-time DTS stream encoder. On the PC, it takes multichannel audio and converts it into a 1.5 Mbit/s DTS stream for output. Because it uses the original DTS codec to transmit audio, fidelity is limited to 5.1 channel at 48 kHz, 24bit. More than 5.1 channels, a higher sampling frequency or data rate are not supported, due to the lack of support for DTS variants such as DTS 96/24. It can also be found on some standalone devices (e.g., Surround Encoder). Nearly a dozen titles on the PlayStation 2 feature the "DTS Interactive" real-time stream encoder, such as Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines.

• DTS Neo:PC: This is a technology based on the DTS Neo:6 matrix surround technology, which transforms any stereo content (MP3, WMA, CD Audio, or games) into a simulated 7.1-channel surround sound experience. The 7.1-channel surround sound is output as a DTS stream for output via a S/PDIF cable port.

Others

• DTS Surround Sensation: A relatively new development, previously known as DTS Virtual. It allows a virtual 5.1 surround sound to be heard through a standard pair of headphones.^[9]

DTS films

• Jurassic Park (Universal, 1993)
• Flesh and Bone (Paramount, 1993)
• We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (Universal, 1993)
• Schindler's List (Universal, 1993)
• Beethoven's 2nd (Universal, 1993)
• Heaven & Earth (Warner Bros., 1993)
• Blink (New Line, 1994)
• Reality Bites (Universal, 1994)
• Blue Chips (Paramount, 1994)
• Beverly Hills Cop III (Paramount, 1994)
• The Cowboy Way (Universal, 1994)
• City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold (Columbia, 1994)
• Speed (Fox, 1994)
• Forrest Gump (Paramount, 1994)
• True Lies (Fox, 1994)
• The Mask (New Line, 1994)
• Clear and Present Danger (Paramount, 1994)
• The Specialist (Warner Bros., 1994)
• Little Giants (Warner Bros., 1994)
• Star Trek Generations (Paramount, 1994)
• Miracle on 34th Street (Fox, 1994)
• The Pagemaster (Fox, 1994)
• Billy Madison (Universal, 1995)
• Die Hard: With a Vengeance (Fox, 1995)
• Braveheart (Paramount, 1995)
• Apollo 13 (Universal, 1995)
• Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (Fox, 1995)
• Species (MGM, 1995)
• Nine Months (Fox, 1995)
• Babe (Universal, 1995)
• Strange Days (Fox, 1995)
• Waiting to Exhale (Fox, 1995)
• All Dogs Go to Heaven 2 (MGM, 1996)
• Broken Arrow (Fox, 1996)
• Happy Gilmore (Universal, 1996)
• The Birdcage (United Artists, 1996)
• Twister (Warner Bros. and Universal, 1996)
• Mission: Impossible (1996)
• Independence Day (Fox, 1996)
• Courage Under Fire (Fox, 1996)
• Chain Reaction (Fox, 1996)
• 2 Days in the Valley (MGM, 1996)
• The Ghost and the Darkness (Paramount, 1996)
• Romeo + Juliet (Fox, 1996)
• Space Jam (Warner Bros., 1996)
• Star Trek: First Contact (Paramount, 1996)
• One Fine Day (Fox, 1996)
• The Relic (Paramount, 1997)
• Dante's Peak (Universal, 1997)
• Selena (Warner Bros., 1997)
• Liar Liar (Universal, 1997)
• Cats Don't Dance (Warner Bros. 1997)
• The Saint (Paramount, 1997)
• Volcano (Fox, 1997)
• The Lost World: Jurassic Park (Universal, 1997)
• Con Air (Touchstone, 1997)
• Speed 2: Cruise Control (Fox, 1997)
• Hercules (Disney, 1997)
• Face/Off (Paramount, 1997)
• Men in Black (Columbia, 1997)
• Spawn (New Line, 1997)
• Money Talks (New Line, 1997)
• The Game (Polygram, 1997)
• The Peacemaker (DreamWorks, 1997)
• The Devil's Advocate (Warner Bros., 1997)
• Starship Troopers (TriStar, 1997)
• Anastasia (Fox, 1997)
• The Rainmaker (Paramount, 1997)
• Alien Resurrection (Fox, 1997)
• Titanic (Fox and Paramount, 1997)
• Great Expectations (Fox, 1998)
• MouseHunt (DreamWorks, 1998)
• American Beauty (DreamWorks, 1999)
• Galaxy Quest (DreamWorks, 1999)
• Miss Congeniality (Warner Bros., 2000)
• Jurassic Park III (Universal, 2001)
• Spy Kids (Dimension, 2001)
• Punch-Drunk Love (New Line, 2002)
• The Alps: Climb of Your Life (Image Entertainment, 2007)
• Toy Story 3 (Disney, 2010)

See also

• Dolby Digital (AC-3)
• Codec
• Dolby Laboratories
• Home cinema
• AV Receivers
• THX

References

1. ^ Videolan features page
2. ^ DTS Extended Surround at timefordvd.com
3. ^ http://news.ecoustics.com/bbs/messages/10381/107453.html DTD Unveils DTS-HD Brand For High Definition Media Formats
4. ^ DTS-HD Brochure - dts.com
5. ^ DTS technology mandatory for next generation discs – dts.com
6. ^ Soundandvisionmag.com website article: "Toshiba HD-XA1 HD DVD Player" [1] Accessed=September 22, 2010
7. ^ Amazon.com page for Toshiba HD-A30 [2] Accessed=September 22, 2010
8. ^ LEADING MOTHERBOARD COMPANY, FOXCONN, TEAMS WITH AUDIO PIONEER DTS FOR INTEGRATED PC PRODUCTS, February 29, 2008
9. ^ DTS Press Release New Simulated Surround Headphone / Speaker Solutions Meet Consumer Demand, (January 7, 2007)