J. M. G. Le Clézio

J.M.G. Le Clézio
Born	Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio 13 April 1940 (1940-04-13) (age 71) Nice, France
Occupation	Writer
Nationality	French
Ethnicity	French
Citizenship	French & Mauritian
Period	1963 -
Genres	novel, short story, essay, translation
Subjects	Exile, Migration, Childhood, Ecology
Notable work(s)	Le Procès-Verbal, Désert
Notable award(s)	Nobel Prize in Literature 2008
Influences Euclides da Cunha, Robert Louis Stevenson

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ maʁi gystav lə klezjo]) (born 13 April 1940), usually identified as J. M. G. Le Clézio, is a French author and professor. The author of over forty works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel Le Procès-Verbal.

Le Clézio was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature as an "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization".^[1]

Biography

Le Clézio's mother was born in the French Riviera city of Nice, his father on the island of Mauritius (which was a British possession, but his father was ethnically French). Both his father's and his mother's ancestors were originally from Morbihan on the south coast of Brittany.^[2] His paternal ancestor François Alexis Le Clézio fled France in 1798 and settled with his wife and daughter on the island of Mauritius, which was then a French colony but would soon pass into British hands. The French colonists were allowed to maintain their French customs and use of the French language. Although the author Le Clézio has never lived in Mauritius for more than a few months at a time, he regards himself both as a Frenchman and a Mauritian.^[3][4] He has dual French and Mauritian citizenship (Mauritius gained independence in 1968) and calls Mauritius his "little fatherland".^[5][6]

Le Clézio himself was born in Nice, his mother's native city, during World War II when his father was serving in the British army in Nigeria.^[7] He was raised in Roquebillière, a small village near Nice until 1948 when he, his mother, and his brother boarded a ship to join his father in Nigeria. His 1991 novel, Onitsha is partly autobiographical. In a 2004 essay, he reminisced about his childhood in Nigeria and his relationship with his parents.

After studying at the University of Bristol in England from 1958 to 1959,^[8] he finished his undergraduate degree at Nice's Institut d’études littéraires.^[9] In 1964 Le Clézio earned a master's degree from the University of Provence with a thesis on Henri Michaux.^[10]

After several years spent in London and Bristol, he moved to the United States to work as a teacher. During 1967 he served in the French military in Thailand, but was quickly expelled from the country for protesting against child prostitution and sent to Mexico to finish his military obligation. From 1970 to 1974, he lived with the Embera-Wounaan tribe in Panama. He has been married since 1975 to Jémia, who is Moroccan, and has three daughters (one by a first marriage). Since the 1990s they have divided their residence between Albuquerque, Mauritius, and Nice.^[11]

In 1983 he wrote a doctoral thesis on colonial Mexican history for the University of Perpignan, on the conquest of the P'urhépecha people (formerly known as "Tarascans") who inhabit the present day state of Michoacán. It was serialized in a French magazine and published in Spanish translation in 1985.^[12]

He has taught at a number of universities around the world. A frequent visitor to South Korea, he taught French language and literature at Ewha Womans University in Seoul during the 2007 academic year.^[13][14]

Literary career

Le Clézio has been writing since age seven; his first work was a book about the sea. He achieved very early success at age 23 when his first novel Le Procès-Verbal (The Interrogation) earned him the Prix Renaudot and was shortlisted for the Prix Goncourt.^[6] Since then he has published more than thirty-six books, including short stories, novels, essays, two translations on the subject of Native American mythology, and several children's books.

From 1963 to 1975, Le Clézio explored themes such as insanity, language, and writing. He devoted himself to formal experimentation in the wake of such contemporaries as Georges Perec or Michel Butor. His persona was that of an innovator and a rebel, for which he was praised by Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze.

During the late 1970s, Le Clézio's style changed drastically; he abandoned experimentation, and the mood of his novels became less tormented as he used themes like childhood, adolescence, and traveling, which attracted a broader, more popular audience. In 1980, Le Clézio was the first winner of the newly created Grand Prix Paul Morand, awarded by the Académie Française, for his novel, Désert.^[15] In 1994, a survey conducted by the French literary magazine Lire showed that 13 percent of the readers considered him to be the greatest living French language writer.^[16]

Nobel Prize

Main article: Dans la forêt des paradoxes

Horace Engdahl announces Le Clézio winning the Nobel Prize for Literature on 9 October 2008

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2008 went to Le Clézio for works characterized by the Swedish Academy as being "poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy" and for being focused on the environment, especially the desert.^[1] The Swedish Academy, in announcing the award, called Le Clézio an "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization.".^[17] Le Clézio used his Nobel prize acceptance lecture to attack the subject of information poverty.^[18] The title of his lecture was Dans la forêt des paradoxes (in the forest of paradoxes).^[19]

Gao Xingjian, a Chinese émigré, was the last French citizen to receive the prize (for 2000); Le Clézio was the first French language writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature since Claude Simon for 1985, and the fourteenth since Sully Prudhomme, laureate of the first prize of 1901.

Bibliography

All works are written and published in French. If the work has been translated into English, the English title is given in parenthesis.

See also: J. M. G. Le Clézio bibliography

Novels

• Le Procès-Verbal (The Interrogation)
• Le Jour où Beaumont fit connaissance avec sa douleur
• Le Livre des fuites (The Book of Flights: An Adventure Story)
• Le déluge (The Flood)
• Terra amata (Terra amata)
• La Guerre (War)
• Voyages de l'autre côté
• Désert (Desert)
• Le Chercheur d'or (The prospector)
• Étoile errante (Wandering Star : a Novel)
• Onitsha (Onitsha)
• La Quarantaine
• Poisson d'or
• Hasard suivi de Angoli Mala
• Fantômes dans la rue
• Révolutions
• Ourania
• Ritournelle de la faim

Essays

• Le Rêve mexicain ou la pensée interrompue (The Mexican Dream, Or, The Interrupted Thought of Amerindian Civilizations)
• Conversations avec J.M.G. Le Clézio
• Haï
• Mydriase
• Vers les icebergs (Essai sur Henri Michaux)
• L'Inconnu sur la Terre
• Trois Villes saintes
• Dans la maison d'Edith
• Sur Lautréamont
• Diego et Frida
• Ailleurs
• Enfances
• Le Llano en flammes
• L'Extase matérielle
• L’Africain
• Une lettre de J.M.G. Le Clezio
• Ballaciner
• La liberté pour Rêver (Freedom to Dream)
  and
• La liberté pour parler (Freedom to Speak)
• Sur la lecture comme le vrai voyage (On reading as true travel)

Short stories

• La Fièvre (Fever)
• Mondo et autres histoires (Mondo and other stories)
• La ronde et autres faits divers (The Round & Other Cold Hard Facts )
• Printemps et autres saisons
• Awaité Pawana (Pawana)
• La Fête chantée et autres essais de thème amérindien
• Cœur brûle et autres romances
• Tabataba suivi de pawana

Travel Diaries

• Voyage à Rodrigues
• Gens des nuages
• Raga. Approche du continent invisible

Collections Translated by the Author into French.

• Les Prophéties du Chilam Balam
• Relation de Michoacan
• Sirandanes

Books for Children

• Celui qui n'avait jamais vu la mer (The Boy Who Had Never Seen the Sea)
• Lullaby
• Les Géants (The Giants)
• Voyage au pays des arbres
• Villa Aurore ; suivi de, Orlamonde
• Villa Aurore
• L'enfant de sous le pont
• La Grande Vie suivi de Peuple du ciel
• Peuple du ciel, suivi de 'Les Bergers
• Balaabilou

Books written by other authors with preface written by Le Clézio

• The French language preface to Juan Rulfo's
  short story collection "Le Llano en flammes"

Awards and honours

Awards

Year	Prize	Work
1963	prix Théophraste-Renaudot	Le Procès-Verbal (The Interrogation)
1972	prix littéraire Valery-Larbaud	For his complete works[20]
1980	grand prix de littérature Paul-Morand, awarded by the Académie française
1997	Mécénat des prix Jean Giono[21]	Poisson d'or
1998	prix Prince-de-Monaco	For his complete works and upon publication of Poisson d'or [22]
2008	Stig Dagermanpriset	for his complete works and upon publication of Swedish translation of a travelogue Raga. Approche du continent invisible[23]
2008	Nobel Prize in Literature

Honours

• He was made Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur on 25 October 1991^[24] and was promoted to Officier (Officer) in 2009 ^[25]
• In 1996, he was made Officier (Officer) of the Ordre national du Mérite.^[26]

See also

	Literature portal
	Novels portal
	Children's literature portal

• Jean-Louis de Rambures, "Comment travaillent les écrivains", Flammarion, Paris 1978; interview with J.M.G. Le Clézio

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008". Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2008/. Retrieved 2008-10-09. 
2. ^ Tahourdin, Adrian (April 21, 2006). "A Frenchman and a geographer". 5th paragraph (London: review is taken from the TLS). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article709674.ece. Retrieved 9 December 2008. ""Le Clézio's family were originally from Morbihan on the west coast of Brittany. At the time of the Revolution, one of his ancestors, who had refused to enlist in the Revolutionary Army because they had insisted he cut his long hair, fled France with the intention of reaching India, but disembarked on Mauritius, and stayed there" 
3. ^ "Internet might have stopped Hitler". comcast.net. 2008-12-07. http://www.comcast.net/articles/news-entertainment/20081207/EU.Sweden.Nobel.Le.Clezio/. Retrieved 12 December 2008. ""Though he was born in France, Le Clézio's father is British and he holds dual nationality with Mauritius, where his family has roots"" ^{[dead link]}
4. ^ "A Frenchman and a geographer". Adrian Tahourdin (London: The Times Literary Supplement). 2006-04-21. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article709674.ece. Retrieved 11 December 2008. ""Le Clezio regards himself as Franco-Mauritian" 
5. ^ Angelique Chrisafis (2008-10-10). "Nobel award restores French literary pride". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/oct/10/nobelprize-france. ""He has joint Mauritian citizenship and calls the island his "little fatherland"" 
6. ^ ^{a b} Bremner, Charles (2008-10-09). "Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio wins the 2008 Nobel Literature Prize". London: Times Online. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article4913765.ece. Retrieved 2008-10-09. "Le Clézio, who was born in Nice and has lived in England, New Mexico and South Korea, said that he was touched by the honour. He mentioned his British father, a surgeon, and his childhood in Mauritius and Nigeria. “I was born of a mix, like many people currently in Europe,” he said." 
7. ^ della Fazia Amoia, Alba; Alba Amoia, Bettina Liebowitz (2009). Multicultural Writers Since 1945. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 313–318. ISBN 9780313306884. 
8. ^ "Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio wins Nobel Prize". University of Bristol. 2008-10-10. http://www.bris.ac.uk/news/2008/5946.html. Retrieved 2008-11-07. 
9. ^ MBA-unice.edu
10. ^ Marshall, Bill; Cristina Johnston. France and the Americas. ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1851094113. p.697
11. ^ Pollard, Niklas; Estelle Shirbon (2008-10-09). "Nomadic writer wins Nobel prize". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/reuters/2008/10/09/europe/OUKWD-UK-NOBEL-LITERATURE.php. Retrieved 2008-10-09. 
12. ^ Le Clézio, La Conquista divina de Michoacán. Fondo de Cultura Económica
13. ^ Lee Esther (2008-01-02). "Acclaimed French author praises Korean literature". JoongAng Daily. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2884578. 
14. ^ Yonhap News (2008-10-09). "한국과 각별한 인연 가진 르클레지오" (in Korean). Dong-a Ilbo. http://www.donga.com/fbin/output?f=total&n=200810090575. 
15. ^ Tahourdin, Adrian (April 21, 2006). "A Frenchman and a geographer". 5th paragraph (London: review is taken from the TLS). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article709674.ece. Retrieved 9 December 2008. ""Le Clezio received the Academie Francaise's Grand Prix Paul Morand in 1980 for Desert, a novel that revealed a move towards a more expansive and lyrical style. The book has a dual narrative. The first, dated 1909–10, chronicles the tragic fate of a Tuareg clan fleeing across Morocco from their French and Spanish colonial oppressors ("les chrétiens")"." 
16. ^ "Maurice : Source d’Inspiration pour le Prix Nobel de Littérature, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (Lire, "Le Clézio N° 1" , 1994, 22s. )" (in French). Portail Ocean Indie. modéré par CEDREFI. 2008-10-14. http://209.85.129.132/search?q=cache:qfubSVNi7v8J:www.mediaterre.org/ocean-indien/actu,20081014083035.html+%22Prix+du+plus+grand+%C3%A9crivain+francophone+du+magazine+Lire%22.&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&client=firefox-a. Retrieved 12 December 2008. "Prix du plus grand écrivain francophone du magazine Lire" 
17. ^ Thompson, Bob (2008-10-09). "France's Le Clézio Wins Nobel Literature Prize". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/09/AR2008100900243.html?hpid=topnews. Retrieved 2008-10-09. 
18. ^ Lea, Richard (2008-12-08). "Le Clézio uses Nobel lecture to attack information poverty". London: guardian.co.uk home. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/dec/08/jmg-clezio-nobel-lecture. Retrieved 14 December 2008. 
19. ^ The Nobel Foundation 2008 (2008-12-07). "The Nobel Foundation 2008". Nobel Lecture. The Nobel Foundation 2008. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2008/clezio-lecture_en.html. Retrieved 11 December 2008. 
20. ^ "Prix Valery Larbaud". Prix littéraires. 2009. http://www.prix-litteraires.net/prix/440,prix-valery-larbaud.html. Retrieved 2009-02-16. "Pour l'ensemble de son oeuvre" 
21. ^ "Prix Jean Giono" (in French). Fondation Pierre Bergé - Yves Saint Laurent. 2009. http://www.fondation-pb-ysl.net/site/Litterature-200.html. Retrieved 2009-02-16. ^{[dead link]}"Grand Prix Jean Giono". Prix littéraires. 2009. http://www.prix-litteraires.net/prix/117,grand-prix-jean-giono.html. Retrieved 2009-02-16. 
22. ^ pour l'ensemble de son œuvre, à l'occasion de la sortie de Poisson d'or 2008
23. ^ "Ritournelle de la faim - Jean-Marie-Gustave Le Clézio" (in French). Ses Prix et Récompenses. ciao.fr. 2008. http://www.lehman.cuny.edu/ile.en.ile/paroles/leclezio.html. Retrieved 2009-02-16. "pour l'ensemble de son œuvre, à l'occasion de la sortie suédoise de Raga. Approche du continent invisible" 
24. ^ "Décret du 31 décembre 2008 portant promotion et nomination". JORF 2009 (1): 15. 2009-01-01. PREX0828237D. http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo=PREX0828237D. Retrieved 2009-04-05. 
25. ^ "Simone Veil, Zidane et Lagardère décorés" (in French). C.M. (lefigaro.fr) avec AFP. lefigaro.fr. 2009-01-01. http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2009/01/01/01016-20090101ARTFIG00231-simone-veil-zidane-et-lagardere-decores-.php. Retrieved 2009-04-14. "Le Clézio est pour sa part élevé au grade d'officier" 
26. ^ "Ordre national du Mérite Décret du 14 novembre 1996 portant promotion et". JORF 1996 (266): 16667. 1996-11-15. PREX9612403D. http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo=PREX9612403D. Retrieved 2009-04-05. 

External links

• Works by or about J. M. G. Le Clézio in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• J.M.G. Le Clézio (1940-), Biography, from `Books and Writers`.
• Interview with Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, in Label France No. 45 (English)
• J.M.G Le Clézio -- Photos by Mathieu Bourgois.
• J.M.G. Le Clézio, about his Breton origins.
• "Nobel Goes Global With Literary Prize", by Bob Thompson, Washington Post, October 10, 2008
• "A Nobel Undertaking: Getting to Know Le Clézio ", by Richard Woodward, Wall Street Journal, Oct. 30, 2008
• "J. M. G. Le Clézio, Nobel laureate": a collection of pieces on Clézio, from TLS, October 9, 2008
• A writing life in pictures: Nobel laureate Jean-Marie Le Clézio, The Guardian, October 9, 2008
• Artelittera Many chapters of studies about Le Clezio to upload
• J.M.G. Le Clézio: A French NovelistWins 2008 Nobel Prize for Literature

Persondata
Name	Le Clézio, Jean-Marie Gustave
Alternative names	J. M. G. Le Clézio
Short description	Nobel Prize in Literature 2008
Date of birth	13 April 1940
Place of birth	Nice, France
Date of death
Place of death