1997 Pacific hurricane season

Infobox hurricane season
Basin=EPac
Year=1997
Track=1997 Pacific hurricane season map.png First storm formed=June 1, 1997
Last storm dissipated=December 6, 1997
Strongest storm name=Linda
Strongest storm winds=160
Strongest storm pressure=902
Average wind speed=1
Total depressions=24
Total storms=19
Total hurricanes=9
Total intense=7
Fatalities=256-426
Da

Inflated=1
five seasons=1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999The 1997 Pacific hurricane season was an annual event in tropical cyclone meteorology. It was one of the most active seasons. With hundreds of deaths and billions of dollars in damage, this season was the costliest and one of the deadliest Pacific hurricane seasons.

Hurricanes Linda, Pauline, and Nora were the most notable storms in 1997. Linda became the most intense east Pacific hurricane in recorded history. Hurricane Pauline killed several hundred people in Mexico due to heavy flooding, while Hurricane Nora caused flooding and damage in the Southwestern United States. In addition, Super Typhoons Oliwa and Paka originated in region before crossing the International Date Line and causing significant damage in the western Pacific.

eason summary

The 1997 Pacific hurricane season officially started on May 15, 1997 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1997 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1997. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.cite web|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html|title=Subject: G1) When is hurricane season?|publisher=National Hurricane Center|author=Neal Dorst|work=FAQ: Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Tropical Cyclones|accessdate=2008-08-30] This season exceeded these boundaries appreciably, as Tropical Storm Paka formed December 2, and dissipated nineteen days later after moving into the Western Pacific.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/tracks1949to2007_epa.txt|format=plain text|date=2008-03-21|title=Eastern North Pacific Tracks File 1949-2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-08-30]

The 1997 Pacific hurricane season was fairly active, due to the strong El Niño that was occurring at the time. El Niño causes wind shear to be reduced and water temperatures to increase, resulting in conditions more favourable for tropical cyclones in the East Pacific.

There were 24 cyclones in total, including five unnamed tropical depressions. Of these, 19 were in the east Pacific (east of 140° W). Of these, eight peaked at tropical storm intensity, while ten reached hurricane status. Seven of these reached Category 3 intensity or higher on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale, including central Pacific cyclones Super Typhoons Oliwa and Paka, which became typhoons after crossing into the western Pacific.

Activity in the central Pacific was also above average. Two tropical storms formed, as did several tropical depressions. A number of storms moved in from the east. With a total of nine tropical cyclones entering or forming there, this was the fourth highest number since satellite observations began.cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1997.php|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|title=The 1997 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Benjamin C. Hablutzel, Hans E. Rosendal, James C. Weyman, & Jonathan D. Hoag]

The first storm formed on June 1. The last storm dissipated December 21, which gives this season the latest known end. However, if December 6, the date the last storm crossed the dateline is taken to be the end, this season has the second latest end, behind the 1983 season and tied with 1957 season.

torms

Tropical Storm Andres

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Andres 1997 track.pngFormed=June 1
Dissipated=June 7
1-min winds=45
Pressure=998Andres originated as a disturbance that had slowly organized formed into Tropical Depression One-E on June 1. The next day, it reached tropical storm status. After a brief period of a normal track to the northwest, Andres was picked up by westerly winds and became the first named storm to threaten Central America. Initially forecast to cross the isthmus and enter the Caribbean Sea, Andres instead turned to the southeast and paralleled the coast. This was the first time since record-keeping began that any East Pacific storm had taken such a path. Andres then turned back to the northeast. It weakened to a depression and made landfall near San Salvador on June 7 and dissipated shortly thereafter.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997andres.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Andres|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Edward Rappaport|date=1997-06-18]

Among the casualties were two fishers who were reported missing. Power outages, flooding rivers, several car crashes, and damage to roughly ten homes was attributed to Andres. The highest rainfall report from Mexico was convert|11.42|in|mm at Mazatan.cite web|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|year=2007|url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/andres1997rain.gif|format=GIF|title=Tropical Storm Andres Storm Total Rainfall Image|accessdate=2007-02-15|author=David M. Roth] Damage was noted in parts of Nicaragua. Andres also killed four people in the Usulatan province due to heavy flooding.cite web|title=1997 flood archive|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/Archives/1997sum.htm|accessdate=2007-03-18|publisher=Dartmouth Flood Observatory]

Tropical Storm Blanca

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Blanca 1997 track.pngFormed=June 9
Dissipated=June 12
1-min winds=40
Pressure=1002Blanca was a short-lived tropical storm that briefly threatened land. Tropical Depression Two-E formed June 9 and strengthened into Tropical Storm Blanca six hours later. It moved northwest and briefly threatened land on June 10 as warnings and watches were established by the "Servicio Meteorológico Nacional". Then, a ridge of high pressure turned Blanca away from the coast.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997blanca.html|pubslisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Blanca|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Lixion Avila|date=1997-06-19]

Despite moving over warm waters, a weakening trend unexpectedly began, and Blanca was downgraded to a depression. and Blanca lost its circulation shortly after being downgraded to tropical depression status on June 12.

There was no damage or casualties as Blanca's impact was generally minimal.

Tropical Depression Three-E

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Formed=June 21
Dissipated=June 24
1-min winds=30
Pressure=1006Tropical Depression Three-E formed June 21. Moving rapidly westward, it never strengthened and dissipated early on June 24.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997td3e.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Depression Three-E|accessdate=2008-08-23|author=Miles Lawrence|date=1997-06-24]

Tropical Storm Carlos

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Carlos 1997 track.pngFormed=June 25
Dissipated=June 28
1-min winds=45
Pressure=996On June 25, a tropical wave that drifted in from the Atlantic became a tropical depression and that same day developed into Tropical Storm Carlos. As it moved west, Carlos encountered shearing winds and cooler waters and lost its tropical storm status after barely a day, and finally dissipated June 28. Except for Socorro Island, which the system passed close to, Carlos never threatened land. No indications of casualties or damage were reported.cite web|author=Max Mayfield|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997carlos.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Carlos|Accessdate=2005-10-24|date=1997-08-10]

Tropical Depression Five-E

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Formed=June 29
Dissipated=July 4
1-min winds=30
Pressure=1004On June 29, Five-E formed at midday and erratically moved to the west. After slowing down greatly, the depression dissipated on July 4.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997td5e.html|author=Richard Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Depression Five-E|accessdate=2008-08-23|date=1997-07-07]

Hurricane Dolores

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Dolores 1997 track.pngFormed=July 5
Dissipated=June 12
1-min winds=80
Pressure=975Dolores began as Tropical Depression Six-E, forming late on July 5 and reaching tropical storm status the following day. Moving westward, Dolores strengthened into the first hurricane of the season on July 7. It reached a peak windspeed of convert|150|km/h|mph. Dolores then became the first hurricane in over two years to cross the 125° W meridian. The storm then started losing strength. Dolores dropped down to a depression on July 11 and dissipated late the next day after crossing into the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility. The hurricane was not a threat to any land.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997dolores.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Dolores|accessdate=2005-10-24|date=1997-18-19|author=Edward Rappaport]

Hurricane Enrique

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Enrique 1997 track.pngFormed=July 12
Dissipated=June 16
1-min winds=100
Pressure=960Enrique was the first major hurricane of the season. It originated on July 12 when a tropical depression formed. It strengthened into a tropical storm twelve hours later, and became a hurricane on July 13. Enrique began fluctuating in intensity and reached its peak intensity of convert|190|km/h|mph and 960 mbar (960 hPa) on July 14. Enrique then began to weaken, and dissipated over cooler waters on July 16. Enrique never threatened land.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997enrique.html|author=Lixion Avila|date=1997-08-15|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Enrique|accessdate=2005-10-24]

Hurricane Felicia

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Felicia 1997 track.pngFormed=July 14
Dissipated=July 22
1-min winds=117
Pressure=948Tropical Depression Eight-E, the storm that would become Felicia, formed south of the Mexican port of Manzanillo, Colima, on July 13. Its development was delayed by wind shear due to its proximity to Enrique. It became a tropical storm late July 15 as it moved west-northwestward. It became a hurricane July 17. Its development was again stalled by shear. After the shear let up, Felicia’s winds reached convert|215|km/h|mph and its pressure fell to 948 mbar (948 hPa), making it the second major hurricane of the season and the first Category 4. Felicia then began weakening. Shortly before being downgraded to a tropical storm, it crossed 140° W. Felicia was sheared and dissipated July 22, having never threatened land. No damage or deaths were reported.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997felicia.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Felicia|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Miles Lawrence|date=1997-08-23]

Hurricane Guillermo

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac

---

Track=Guillermo 1997 track.pngFormed=July 30
Dissipated=August 15
1-min winds=140
Pressure=919A tropical wave that drifted across the shear-ridden Atlantic emerged into the Pacific Ocean on July 27. It organized into a depression July 30 and was named Tropical Storm Guillermo the next day. It quickly intensified, reaching hurricane status on August 1. Guillermo became a major hurricane August 2. It reached Category 4 intensity on August 3 before weakening slightly and restrengthening. The hurricane attained Category 5 strength August 4. Guillermo's peak intensity was 919 mbar (919 hPa) and convert|260|km/h|mph.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997guillerm.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Guillermo |accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Max Mayfield|date=1997-10-02]

Guillermo then weakened slowly, becoming a tropical storm August 8. It crossed 140° W and entered the Central Pacific. It weakened to a depression late August 10 but restrengthened back into a storm 24 hours later when it encountered a small area of warm water. It weakened to a depression for the second and final time August 15 and lost tropical characteristics early the next day.

Guillermo's remnants recurved over the far northern Pacific. They were tracked to a point convert|500|nmi|km west of Vancouver Island. The remnants hung on for a few more days and drifted south before being absorbed by a mid-latitude cyclone August 24 off the coast of California.

Tropical Depression One-C

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Formed=July 26
Dissipated=July 27
1-min winds=25
Pressure=1007Tropical Depression One-C formed on July 26 from a disturbance that had been showing signs of development for three days. It moved west to southwest through an unfavorable environment. On the morning of July 27, it was destroyed by wind shear caused by an upper-level trough.

Tropical Storm Hilda

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Hilda 1997 track.pngFormed=August 10
Dissipated=August 15
1-min winds=45
Pressure=1000A tropical wave that had showed hints of development emerged into the East Pacific and organized into Tropical Depression Ten-E on August 10. Its development was inhibited by shear from a large mid-latitude cyclone. The depression managed to become a tropical storm late on August 11. Hilda was a tropical storm for less than three days. Shear weakened Hilda to a depression August 14 and destroyed the cyclone early on August 15. Hilda was no threat to land and caused no known damage or deaths.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997hilda.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Hilda|author=Richard Pasch|date=1997-12-12|accessdate=2005-10-24]

Tropical Storm Ignacio

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Ignacio 1997 track.pngFormed=August 17
Dissipated=August 19
1-min winds=35
Pressure=1005Tropical Storm Ignacio formed first as a depression in an area of disturbed weather on August 17. 12 hours later, it organized into a tropical storm. Ignacio's location of tropical cyclogenesis was further north and west of where most East Pacific tropical cyclones form.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997ignacio.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Ignacio|date=1997-08-27|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Edward Rappaport] Steering currents pulled Ignacio north, where it encountered wind shear and cooler waters. Ignacio lost tropical characteristics August 19. They were then absorbed by a cyclone associated with the remnants of Hurricane Guillermo.

Ignacio's remnants moved north, bringing gusty winds to California coastal waters before dissipating.cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/weather/whhcalif.htm|publisher=USA Today|title=California's Tropical Cyclones|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Jack Williams|date=2005-05-17] They caused rainfall as far north as the U.S. state of Washington.cite web|url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tcstatemaxima.gif|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|author=David M. Roth|title=Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Maxima per State|accessdate=2006-06-17] Thunderstorms caused a few power outages in central California. Other than those events, there was no impact.

Hurricane Jimena

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Jimena 1997 track.pngFormed=August 25
Dissipated=August 30
1-min winds=120
Pressure=942The next hurricane of the season, Jimena, had a very rapid intensification and an equally rapid decay. Tropical Depression Twelve-E formed August 25 from an area of disturbed weather in a rather easterly location. It became a tropical storm the next day and a hurricane on August 27. Intensification was rapid, with winds increasing from convert|120|km/h|mph to convert|215|km/h|mph. in the space of 12 to 15 hours.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997jimena.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Jimena|date=1997-09-16|author=Lixion Avila|accessdate=2005-10-24]

It moved north-northwest and encountered an upper level trough. This caused very heavy wind shear which reduced its winds from convert|215|km/h|mph to convert|60|km/h|mph in the space of a day. Jimena completely dissipated on August 30, not long after entering the central Pacific. Hurricane Jimena was of no threat to land.

Hurricane Oliwa

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Oliwa 1997 track.pngFormed=September 2
Dissipated=September 12
1-min winds=35
Pressure=1004Hurricane Oliwa began as a tropical disturbance that had meandered south of Johnston Atoll organized into Tropical Depression Two-C on September 2. Later that day, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Oliwa (Hawaiian for Oliver) as it slowly moved towards the west. It crossed the dateline late on September 3 and entered the Joint Typhoon Warning Center's Area of Responsibility.cite web|url=http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1997/OLIWA/track.dat|publisher=Unisys|title=Data for Super Typhoon Oliwa|Accessdate=2007-11-29] ) In the Pacific Ocean, tropical cyclones are not renamed when they cross basin boundaries, so Oliwa kept its name.

Oliwa passed south of Wake on September 6, where it caused heavy rains but no damage. On September 7, Oliwa started a period of rapid strengthening, becoming a typhoon on September 8 and a Super Typhoon eight hours later. Oliwa stayed at that intensity for over two days. While still a strong hurricane, Oliwa passed near the Northern Marianas Islands. It then started weakening as it curved towards Japan. It made landfall as a minimal typhoon September 16. It quickly dissipated later that same day. Oliwa caused "damage and several fatalities" in Japan.cite web|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1997atcr/pdf/cep/02c.pdf|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Super Typhoon Oliwa (02C)|accessdate=2005-02-21|format=PDF]

Tropical Storm Kevin

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Kevin 1997 track.pngFormed=September 3
Dissipated=September 7
1-min winds=50
Pressure=994Tropical Storm Kevin, first displayed hints of development while crossing the Atlantic Ocean, and soon developed enough circulation to be a depression in the Pacific on September 3. It became a tropical storm on the morning of September 4. The environment was unfavourable, and two days later, Kevin weakened to a depression when deep convection ceased. It dissipated early on September 7, having never posed a threat to land.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997kevin.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Kevin|accessdate=2005-10-24|date=1997-11-04|author=Miles Lawrence]

Hurricane Linda

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Linda 1997 track.pngFormed=September 9
Dissipated=September 17
1-min winds=160
Pressure=902 Tropical Depression Fourteen-E formed on September 9. The cyclone moved northwest and strengthened into a tropical storm on September 10. Linda then rapidly intensified. It peaked in intensity on September 12 with a it reached a maximum windspeed of convert|300|km/h|mph— enough to make it a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale— and a minimum pressure of 902 mbar (902 hPa), making it the most intense Pacific hurricane ever recorded. It then slowly weakened and dissipated on September 17.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997linda.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Linda|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Max Mayfield|date=1997-10-25]

Linda had no effect on any land, other than Socorro Island. However, early forecasts predicted that Linda would make landfall in California. The landfall never materialized. Warnings or watches were not necessary for any location. Linda caused large surf, which crashed ashore in California, where it swept five people off a jetty. Moisture related to Linda also contributed to a landslide in southern California that destroyed or damaged 79 houses.cite web|author=National Weather Service|year=2004|title=A History of Significant Local Weather Effects for San Diego|accessdate=2008-08-30|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherhistory.pdf|page=27]

Tropical Storm Marty

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Marty 1997 track.pngFormed=September 12
Dissipated=September 16
1-min winds=40
Pressure=1002Marty was a weak and short-lived tropical cyclone. Two tropical waves contributed to an area of disturbed weather that organized into Tropical Depression Fifteen-E late on September 12. Moving glacially in a westward direction, it strengthened into a tropical storm in the morning of September 14. Marty's forward speed slowed even more, and it turned to the south. It then encountered an unfavourable environment, and shear destroyed the cyclone late on September 16. There were no deaths or damage.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997marty.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Marty|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Richard Pasch|date=1997-12-12]

Hurricane Nora

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac

---

Track=Nora 1997 track.pngFormed=September 16
Dissipated=September 26
1-min winds=117
Pressure=950
Hurricane Nora was the first Pacific hurricane to bring gale-force winds to the Continental United States since Kathleen in 1976.cite web|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/chenowethlandsea.pdf|title=The San Diego Hurricane of 2 October 1858|month=November|year=2004|author=Chris Landsea & Michael Chenoweth|work=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|accessdate=2008-08-30|page=1689|format=PDF] A tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Sixteen-E on September 16 and quickly strengthened into a tropical storm. Nora eventually peaked at Category 4. It then encountered water temperature anomalies, and fluctuated in strength. Then, a trough pulled Nora northward and accelerated the storm. After weakening to a Category 1, Nora made landfall in northern Baja California and stayed a tropical storm as it entered the United States. It dissipated over Arizona, but its remnants kept going north.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997nora.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Nora|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Edward Rappaport|1997-10-30]

Rains were heavy, and damage amounted to "several hundred million dollars" in the United States. Several hundred people were rendered homeless, and there was wind and flood damage in Arizona. Nora killed two people in Mexico, and several indirect deaths were reported in California.

Tropical Storm Olaf

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Olaf 1997 track.pngFormed=September 26
Dissipated=October 12
1-min winds=60
Pressure=989Tropical Storm Olaf was a weak but persistent tropical storm that made two landfalls and took an erratic path. A tropical depression formed September 26, was upgraded a tropical storm at the next advisory. The cyclone immediately moved north. Instead of strengthening into a hurricane as forecast, Olaf unexpectedly weakened. On September 29, Olaf made landfall near Salina Cruz, Oaxaca.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997olaf.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Olaf|date=1997-11-05|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Lixion Avila]

Olaf, as a tropical depression, moved westward, far out to sea. Restrengthening, Olaf moved southeast on October 5 due to the influence of Hurricane Pauline. Olaf then turned north, and on October 12 made a second landfall near Manzanillo, Colima, as a tropical depression. Olaf's surface circulation weakened, and its remnants moved back out to sea, not to return.

Olaf resulted in some reports of damage and flooding in Mexico and Guatemala. Several people were reported missing. All of its damage was from its first landfall. Throughout Southern Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador, flooding caused by Olaf was blamed for eighteen deaths.cite news|publisher=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/WEATHER/9710/08/pauline/index.html|title='Dangerous' Hurricane Pauline to hit southwest Mexico|date=1997-10-08|accessdate=2007-03-18]

Hurricane Pauline

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac

---

Track=Pauline 1997 track.pngFormed=October 5
Dissipated=October 10
1-min winds=117
Pressure=948Tropical depression Eighteen-E formed October 5. In a favourable environment, the cyclone to rapidly intensified, reaching Category 4 intensity. After twice peaking at that intensity, interaction with land weakened Pauline to a Category 2 by the time it made landfall on October 9. It accelerated to the northwest, and passed over a mountainous region. The mountains disrupted Pauline's circulation, and squeezed the moisture from the hurricane. Pauline dissipated on October 10 while over Jalisco.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997pauline.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Pauline|date=1997-11-07|author=Miles Lawrence|accessdate=2005-10-24]

Hurricane Pauline was the deadliest storm of the season. Landslides and flooding caused by heavy rain caused tragic loss of life and left thousands homeless. There were at least 230 casualties. The Red Cross reported that 400 people died, but this was disputed by Mexican officials. Pauline was Mexico's deadliest hurricane since 1976's Liza. In addition, the hurricane caused $7.5 billion in damage (1997 USD; $10 billion 2008 USD), making it the costliest Pacific hurricane in recorded history. [http://www.cofemermir.gob.mx/uploadtests/4054.66.59.1.STAD%C3%8DSTICAS-RIESGOS-ATENUAR.DOC Estadísticas sobre los Riesgos a atenuar de Fenómenos Perturbadores] ]

Tropical Depression Three-C

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Formed=October 6
Dissipated=October 7
1-min winds=25Tropical Depression Three-C was formed when a tropical disturbance organized into a depression on October 6. It moved slowly moved westward without intensifying, and dissipated the next day.

Tropical Depression Four-C

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Formed=October 30
Dissipated=October 31
1-min winds=30
Pressure=1012Tropical Depression Four-C formed at night on October 30 and in a similar location to where One-C formed. Moving westward, it weakened gradually when it encountered a large mass of dry air, and dissipated late on October 31.

Hurricane Rick

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Rick 1997 track.pngFormed=November 7
Dissipated=November 10
1-min winds=85
Pressure=973Hurricane Rick was the first case of November tropical cyclogenesis in this basin since the 1991 season. A tropical wave acquired enough organization to be called a tropical depression on November 7. It moved north before a trough of low pressure turned it to the northeast. It was named on November 8, and was upgraded to a hurricane the next day. It reached its peak intensity of convert|160|km/h|mph and 973 mbar (973 hPa). Rick made landfall in Oaxaca – the same area devastated by Hurricane Pauline one month earlier – and quickly weakened, dissipating early on November 11.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997rick.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|title=Preliminary Report Hurricane Rick|accessdate=2005-10-24|author=Max Mayfield|date=1997-11-23]

The storm downed trees, washed out recently repaired roads, and disrupted communications in some small population centers. A total of convert|10.47|in|mm of rain was reported at Astata/San Pedro Huameluca near the point of landfall in Mexico.cite web|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/rick1997rain.gif|title=Hurricane Rick Storm Total Rainfall Graphic|author=David M. Roth|accessdate=2007-02-15|format=GIF] No one was killed.

Rick is one of only seven known hurricanes to form in the Pacific Ocean east of the dateline in the month of November. The other ones are Nina, Tara, Ruby, Iwa, Winnie, 1991's Nora, and 2006's Sergio, of which only Rick directly impacted land. It was the second-latest latest landfalling pacific hurricane.

Hurricane Paka

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac

---

Track=Paka 1997 track.pngFormed=December 2
Dissipated=December 6
1-min winds=55
Pressure=992Tropical Depression Five-C formed on December 2, two days after the season ended. It was the second December tropical depression east of the dateline; 1983's Hurricane Winnie was the only other one. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Paka (Hawaiian for Pat) while west of Palmyra Atoll. The system began to move westward at a steady pace.cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1997H/PAKA/track.gif|publisher=Unisys|title=Paka track map|accessdate=2005-10-24|format=GIF] As Paka moved westward, dry air and wind shear disrupted its development until it crossed the dateline on December 6.

After entering the Western Pacific, the cyclone encountered a more favorable environment, resulting in Paka's rapid intensification. It became a typhoon on December 10cite web|url=http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1997H/PAKA/track.dat|publisher=Unisys |title=Tracking data for Super Typhoon Paka|accessdate=2007-11-29] and passed near Kwajalein with winds of convert|190|km/h|mph). It strengthened further, twice reaching Category 5 intensity. While a Category 4 storm, Paka passed close to Guam on December 17, causing "major damage". Afterwards, Paka encountered a hostile environment and had completely dissipated by the evening of December 22.cite web|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1997atcr/pdf/cep/05c.pdf|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Super Typhoon Paka (05C)|accessdate=2006-02-21|format=PDF]

eason statistics

Timeline

ImageSize = width:800 height:250PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:20 left:20AlignBars = early

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyyPeriod = from:01/06/1997 till:31/12/1997TimeAxis = orientation:horizontalScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/06/1997

Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1)

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month

PlotData=

barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:01/06/1997 till:07/06/1997 color:TS text:"Andres" from:09/06/1997 till:12/06/1997 color:TS text:"Blanca" from:21/06/1997 till:24/06/1997 color:TD text:"Three-E" from:25/06/1997 till:28/06/1997 color:TS text:"Carlos" from:29/06/1997 till:04/07/1997 color:TD text:"Five-E" from:05/07/1997 till:12/07/1997 color:C1 text:"Dolores" barset:break from:12/07/1997 till:16/07/1997 color:C3 text:"Enrique" from:14/07/1997 till:22/07/1997 color:C4 text:"Felicia" from:26/07/1997 till:27/07/1997 color:TD text:"One-C" from:30/07/1997 till:15/08/1997 color:C5 text:"Guillermo" from:10/08/1997 till:15/08/1997 color:TS text:"Hilda" from:17/08/1997 till:19/08/1997 color:TS text:"Ignacio" barset:break from:25/08/1997 till:30/08/1997 color:C4 text:"Jimena" from:02/09/1997 till:04/09/1997 color:TS text:"Oliwa" from:03/09/1997 till:07/09/1997 color:TS text:"Kevin" from:09/09/1997 till:17/09/1997 color:C5 text:"Linda" from:12/09/1997 till:16/09/1997 color:TS text:"Marty" from:16/09/1997 till:26/09/1997 color:C4 text:"Nora" barset:break from:26/09/1997 till:12/10/1997 color:TS text:"Olaf" from:05/10/1997 till:10/10/1997 color:C4 text:"Pauline" from:06/10/1997 till:07/10/1997 color:TD text:"Three-C" from:30/10/1997 till:31/10/1997 color:TD text:"Four-C" from:07/11/1997 till:10/11/1997 color:C2 text:"Rick" from:02/12/1997 till:06/12/1997 color:TS text:"Paka"

barset:skip

bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/06/1997 till:01/07/1997 text:June from:01/07/1997 till:01/08/1997 text:July from:01/08/1997 till:01/09/1997 text:August from:01/09/1997 till:01/10/1997 text:September from:01/10/1997 till:01/11/1997 text:October from:01/11/1997 till:01/12/1997 text:November from:01/12/1997 till:31/12/1997 text:December

The season began with the formation of Tropical Depression One-E on June 1 and ended with the dissipation of Tropical Depression Paka on December 22. The season can alternatively be considered to end on December 6, the day Tropical Storm Paka crossed the international dateline. No named storms formed in May, three in June, four in July, four in August, five in September, one in October, and one in November. Very unusually, a tropical storm formed in December, after the season ended. The only other time this happened since the satellite era began was in 1983.

Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE)

Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) is a measure of how active a hurricane season is. It is calculated by squaring the windspeed of a cyclone with at least tropical storm-force winds every six hours, summing the results, and dividing that total by 10⁴. This explains why Hurricane Guillermo has a higher ACE than Linda. It was not as strong as that storm, but because it was above tropical storm force for a longer time, it reached a higher ACE level. As a tropical cyclone does not have gale-force winds until it becomes a tropical storm, tropical depressions are not included in these tables. For all storms, ACE is given to three significant figures. The ACE in the east Pacific proper (140°W to North America) is given; the ACE in the central Pacific (the international dateline to 140°W) is given in brackets.

The table includes the ACE for Oliwa and Paka only during those storm's time east of the dateline. Their ACE west of the dateline is part of the totals of the 1997 typhoon season.

The Nation Hurricane Center uses ACE to rank hurricane seasons as above-normal, near-normal, and below-normal. It defines below-normal as having an ACE less than 95*10⁴ kt² kt²; It defines above normal as having an ACE above 150*10⁴ kt² along with the numbers of any two of the following above average: tropical storms (15), hurricanes (9), or major hurricanes (4); It defines near-normal as having an ACE between 100*10⁴ kt² and 150*10⁴ kt², or an ACE above 150*10⁴ kt² with fewer than two of the numbers of the following above average: tropical storms (15), hurricanes (9), or major hurricanes (4).cite web|url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Epac_hurr/background_information.html|author=Climate Prediction Center|title=Background Information: East Pacific Hurricane Season|accessdate=2006-10-26]

This season has a total of 17 tropical storms, 9 hurricanes, and 7 major hurricanes. The total ACE of this season is 160*10⁴ kt² in the east Pacific proper. This qualifies this season as above-normal.cite web|url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Epac_hurr/figure2.gif|author=Climate Prediction Center|title=East Pacific Hurricane Season Activity NOAA's Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Index|accessdate=2006-10-26]

torm names

The following names were used for named storms that formed in the eastern Pacific in 1997. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray. The names not retired from this list were used again in the 2003 season. This is the same list used for the 1991 season except for Felicia, which replaced Fefa. A storm was named Felicia for the first time in 1997. Also, the name "Dolores" was misspelled "Delores" in the 1991 season; in this and subsequent seasons, the typo was corrected.cite web|url=http://www.atwc.org/pachist.txt|format=plain text|publisher=Atlantic Tropical Weather Center|title=Pacific hurricane name history|accessdate=2005-10-24.]

Two names from the Central Pacific list were also used during the 1997 season – Oliwa and Paka. This was the first usage for both names.

Retirement

The World Meteorological Organization retired one name in the spring of 1998: Pauline. It was replaced in the 2003 season by Patricia. In 2006, a name from the Central Pacific list was retired due to its effects in this season: Paka. [cite web|author=Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference|year=2007|title=The Nation’s Hurricane Program: An Interagency Success Story|accessdate=2007-12-29|url=http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc07/web-61st-IHC-Booklet.pdf|format=PDF] The name set to replace it is Pama. [cite web|author=Dennis H. McCarthy|year=2007|title=National Weather Service Instruction Tropical Cyclone Names and Pronunciation Guide|accessdate=2007-12-29|url=http://www.weather.gov/directives/sym/pd01006006curr.pdf|format=PDF]

ee also

*List of Pacific hurricanes
*List of Pacific hurricane seasons
*1997 Atlantic hurricane season
*1997 Pacific typhoon season
*1997 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
*South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1996–97, 1997–98
*Australian region cyclone seasons: 1996–97, 1997–98
*South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1996–97, 1997–98

References

External links

* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1997epac.html NHC 1997 Pacific hurricane season archive]
* [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/1997.html HPC 1997 Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Pages]
* [http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/hurrclimate.php#1997 Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive]
* [http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1997H/index.html Unisys Hurricane Tracks]