Vehicle canopy

This article is about vehicle canopies. For aircraft canopies, see Aircraft canopy. For other canopies, see Canopy.

Lifting canopy on a Sterling Nova.

A vehicle canopy is a rarely used type of door for cars. It has no official name so it is also known as an articulated canopy, bubble canopy,^[1] cockpit canopy,^[2] canopy door,^[3] or simply a canopy.^[4] A canopy is a type of door which sits on top of a car and lifts up in some way, to provide access for passengers. It is similar to an aircraft canopy. There are no set rules to canopies, so they can be hinged at the front, side, or back, although hinging at the front is most common. Canopy doors are rarely used on production cars, and are sometimes used on concept cars.

Advantages

• Normal car doors open out of the car's track, so they can obstruct the road or pavement when opened. This is not an issue with canopies as they open vertically.
• A-pillars aren't necessary as there are no side doors, so the windscreen can extend from the front to the back of the car, giving the driver a field of vision of more than 180 degrees^[5] and minimising blind spots. A-pillars are sometimes still added, like with the Sterling Nova, to give the car a more conventional look.

Disadvantages

• Air-conditioning or climate control is necessary with an all-glass canopy or with a wrap-around windscreen because the canopy provides substantial 'glasshouse effect'.^[6]
• If the car rolled over during fast cornering, exiting the vehicle would be impossible, short of breaking the glass.
• Entering and exiting the vehicle can be hard with a high sill and awkward roof positioning. This problem was overcome with the Saab Aero X, which has a 3 part canopy to fully open the interior.
• In situations of bad weather such as snow, rain, or hail, it is impossible to enter or exit the vehicle without getting the interior wet, unless under cover.

Cars that use canopies

This is not a full list of cars that use canopies, but just a few examples.

Messerschmitts

Messerschmitt KR175

Messerschmitt, the notable aeroplane manufacturer, weren't allowed to produce aircraft after World War II. Instead, they produced cars. These were designed by the aircraft engineer Fritz Fend.^[7] A vehicle canopy was a new concept that is believed to be invented by Messerschmitt; this originated from their aircraft design. They quickly adopted the canopy as this was a simple solution that they had experience in. Unlike most canopies, the Messerschmitt canopies are hinged on the side. A problem with side hinging, is that if driving on the other side of the road, the canopy opens the wrong way. For that reason, after this, canopies were usually hinged at the front or back.

1953 Messerschmitt KR175

The KR175 was the first car, and the first production car to have a canopy. In 1956, the model was changed to the Messerschmitt KR200.^[8]

1956 Messerschmitt KR200

The most noticeable thing about the KR200 is its distinctive bubble canopy. The KR200 continued Messerschmitt's side-hinged canopies. These were usually transparent acrylic ("Plexiglas" or "Perspex"), though reproductions are car-safe polymethyl methacrylate.^[8]

1970 Ferrari Modulo concept car

The Ferrari Modulo was one of the first cars to have a canopy. At this time they were a new concept and were thought to be the future in automotive design.

1970 Bond Bug

The Bond Bug is a small 3-wheeled sports car and was the first production car to use a front-hinged canopy.

1971 Nova kit car

Other than the Purvis Eureka (a licensed copy of the Nova) and the Bond Bug, the Nova is the only production car to date to use a front-hinged canopy door. The windscreen has small A-pillars so it looks like a conventional car when the canopy is closed.

1985 Buick Wildcat concept car

The 1985 Buick Wildcat concept car had a canopy.^[9] The style of canopy it used is an extended canopy, as it is composed of much of the front bodywork, and not just the passenger compartment. A canopy was used in this concept car as it was thought to be futuristic.

2002 Volkswagen 1-litre car

The concept Volkswagen 1-litre car, VW 1L, uses a canopy door. A limited number of these cars are planned to go on sale in 2010, making this one of the few production cars with a canopy.

2005 Maserati Birdcage 75th concept car

The Maserati Birdcage 75th lacks conventional doors, instead, it uses an extended canopy system. The demonstrator model lacks air-conditioning and so journalists (including Evo Magazine's Harry Metcalfe)experienced the previously-mentioned 'glasshouse effect' and so whilst driving the vehicle were reportedly forced to keep the bubble slightly open on hot days to cool the car's interior.^[6]

2006 Saab Aero-X concept car

The 3 part canopy on a Saab Aero-X.

The Aero X's top canopy is styled on the one of the Saab aeroplanes, and this was their inspiration for using a canopy. The canopy opens by remote control, and there is a lever to close it again.^[10]

The three-piece canopy eliminates the problems like a high sill and awkwardly angled roof, although the mechanisms are more complex and so heavier, and more likely to fail; leaving an occupant stranded inside a car. The canopy includes a wrap-around windscreen and a glass roof, side windows and body panels (which lift upwards, lowering the sills), and the top roof section of the interior fascia (which moves inwards so it doesn't obstruct entry/exit).^[10] These sections intricately manoeuvre themselves into a position where they take up as little space as possible. This construction eliminates the need for doors and A-pillars and so the windscreen extends from B-pillar to B-pillar, which has the important benefit of improving overall visibility.^[10]

Batmobile

Various models of the Batmobile used in the production of the Batman films make use of the canopy door.

Custom Cars

Bubble canopies are popular on some custom cars, most notably those by Ed Roth, such as the Orbitron, Road Agent and Beatnik Bandit.

See also

• List of cars with unusual door designs
• Suicide doors
• Scissor doors
• Gullwing doors
• Butterfly doors
• Sliding doors
• Car door

References

1. ^ [1], Concept-X calls it a 'bubble canopy'.
2. ^ [2], Autoblog calls it a 'cockpit canopy'.
3. ^ [3], Forbes Autos calls is a 'canopy door'.
4. ^ [4], Auto Express calls it a 'canopy'.
5. ^ [5], The Saab Aero X on Car Body Design.
6. ^ ^{a b} Maserati Birdcage 75th#Bodywork, Maserati Birdcage 75th on Wikipedia.
7. ^ Messerschmitt#Post-war, Messerschmitt on Wikipedia.
8. ^ ^{a b} Messerschmitt KR200, Messerschmitt KR200 on Wikipedia.
9. ^ [6], The Buick Wildcat on How Stuff Works.
10. ^ ^{a b c} [7], Saab Aero X.

External links

• A video of a Nova