Automobile platform

An automobile platform is a shared set of common design, engineering, and production efforts, as well as major components over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of automobiles, often from different, but related marques. [ [http://rmi.org/images/PDFs/Transportation/T99-10_UncommonKnwldg.pdf Brylawski, Michael. "Uncommon Knowledge: Automobile Platform Sharing’s Potential Impact on Advanced Technologies", pre-print for the 1st International Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE) Automotive Conference, 27–29 September, Detroit, Michigan. 1999 by Hypercar, Inc.] Retrieved on 2008-06-26.]

Definition and benefits

A basic definition of a platform in automobiles, from a technical point of view, includes: underbody and suspensions (with axles) — where the underbody is made of front floor, underfloor, engine compartment and frame (reinforcement of underbody).Citation
last = Muffatto
first = Moreno
title = Introducing a platform strategy in product development
journal = International Journal of Production Economics
volume = 60-61
pages = 145-153
date = 20 April 1999
accessdate = 2008-06-26 ] Therefore, key mechanical components that define an automobile platform include:
* Floorpan, the collective pieces of the large sheet metal stamping that serves as the primary foundation of the monocoque, of most of the structural and mechanical components (still often informally referred to as the "chassis")
* Wheelbase, the distance between the front and rear axles
* Steering mechanism and type of power steering
* Type of front and rear suspensions
* Placement and choice of engine and other powertrain components

Vehicle platform-sharing combined with advanced and flexible-manufacturing technology enables automakers to sharply reduce product development and changeover times, while modular design and assembly allow building a greater variety of vehicles from one basic set of engineered components. [Citation
last = Schlie
first = Erik
last2 = Yip
first2 = George
title = Regional follows global: strategy mixes in the world automotive industry
journal = European Management Journal
volume = 18
issue = 4
pages = 343-354
date = August 2000
accessdate = 2008-06-26 ] Many vendors refer to this as product or vehicle architecture. The concept of product architecture is the scheme by which the function of a product is allocated to physical components. [Citation
last = Ulrich
first = Karl
title = The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm
journal = Research Policy
volume = 24
pages = 419-441
date = 1995
accessdate = 2008-06-26 ]

The use of a platform strategy provides several benefits:
* Greater flexibility between plants (the possibility of transferring production from one plant to another due to standardization),
* Cost reduction achieved through using resources on a global scale,
* Increased use of plants (higher productivity due to the reduction in the number of differences), and
* Reduction of the number of platforms as a result of their localization on a world-wide basis.

The automobile platform strategy has become important in new product development and in the innovation process. [Citation
last = Muffatto
first = Moreno
title = Platform strategies in international new product development
journal = International Journal of Operations & Production Management
volume = 19
issue = 5/6
pages = 449 - 460
date = 1999
url = http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=849183&dType=SUB&history=false
accessdate = 2008-06-26 ] The finished products have to be responsive to market needs and to demonstrate distinctiveness while — at the same time — they must be developed and produced at low cost. Adopting such a strategy affects the development process and also has an important impact on an automaker's organizational structure. A platform strategy also offers advantages for the globalization process of automobile firms. [Wilhelm, B. "Platform and modular concept at Volkswagen – their effect on the assembly process" in: K. Shimokawa, U. Jürgens and T. Fujimoto Editors, Transforming Auto Assembly Springer, Berlin (1997), pp. 146–156.]

Examples

Originally, a "platform" was a literally shared chassis from a previously-engineered vehicle, as in the case for the Volkswagen Beetle frame under the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia. The first generic platform to be shared among a number of vehicles was the Ford Fox platform of the 1970s.Fact|date=May 2008 In the 1980s, Chrysler's K-cars all wore a badge with the letter, "K", to indicate their shared platform. In later stages, the "K" platform was extended in wheelbase, as well as use for several of the Corporation's different models.

GM used similar strategies with its "J" platform that debuted in mid-1978 in-initially-four of GM's divisions. Subsequent to that, GM introduced its "A" bodies for the same four divisions using the same tread width/wheelbase of the "J" body platform, but with larger body work to make the cars seem larger, and with larger trunk compartments. They were popular through the 1980s, primarily. Even Cadillac started offering an "J" body model called the Cimarron, a much gussied up version of the other four brands' platform siblings. A similar strategy applied to what is known as the N-J-L platform, arguably the most prolific of GM's efforts on one platform. Once more, GM's four lower level divisions all offered various models on this platform throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s.

Today, platform sharing "may" be less noticeable, however, it is still very apparent. Vehicle architectures primarily consist of "under the skin" components, and shared platforms can show up in unusual places, like the Nissan FM platform-mates Nissan 350Z sports car and Infiniti FX SUV. Volkswagen A platform-mates like the Audi TT and Volkswagen Golf also share much of their mechanical components but seem visually entirely different. Volkswagen Group and Ford Motor Company have both had much success building many well differentiated vehicles from many marques, from the same platforms.

ee also

* list of Chrysler platforms
* list of Ford platforms
* list of GM platforms
* list of Mazda platforms
* list of Volkswagen Group platforms

References