Martin Harlinghausen

Martin Harlinghausen
Martin Harlinghausen
Born	17 January 1902(1902-01-17) Rheda, Westphalia
Died	22 March 1986(1986-03-22) (aged 84) Gütersloh
Allegiance	Weimar Republic (to 1933)  Nazi Germany (to 1945)  West Germany
Service/branch	Reichsmarine Luftwaffe
Years of service	1923–1945 1957–1961
Rank	Generalleutnant
Unit	X. Fliegerkorps
Commands held	AS 88 (Condor Legion) Fliegerführer Atlantik Fliegerführer Tunesien
Battles/wars	Spanish Civil War World War II Battle of Denmark Norwegian Campaign Western Front Battle of France Battle of the Atlantic North African Campaign
Awards	Spanish Cross in Gold with Diamonds Ritterkreuz mit Eichenlaub Great Cross of Merit

Martin Harlinghausen (17 January 1902 – 22 March 1986) was a Luftwaffe Commander during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. It was Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Martin Harlinghausen.^{[Note 1]}

Career

Martin Harlinghausen was born on 17 January 1902 in Rheda, Westfalia as the son of the manufacturer Wilhelm Harlinghausen. After four years of elementary school he attended the Humanistisches Gymnasium (secondary school) in Gütersloh. He completed his secondary schooling in Soest and Gumbinnen, East Prussia. He received his Abitur (diploma) in 1922 and then studied one semester jurisprudence at the University of Göttingen.^[1]

Harlinghausen joined the Reichsmarine (German Navy) on 1 April 1923. Staying in the military, he transferred to the Luftwaffe in October 1933. In December 1937, he took Command of AS 88, an anti-shipping unit in the Condor Legion and specialized in that type of aerial warfare.

During World War II, he operated as a pilot, gaining the Ritterkreuz on 5 May 1940 for sinking 100,000 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping.^[2]

Sent to Italy in December 1940, he sank another 27,000 GRT of shipping and was awarded the Oak Leaves (Eichenlaub) 30 January 1941.

In March 1941 he was appointed Fliegerführer Atlantik, a post he held until July 1942. During his time as Fliegerführer Atlantik, Harlinghausen was held responsible for the Luftwaffe's failure to prevent the loss of the battleship Bismarck.

Harlinghausen was later appointed Fliegerführer Tunesien in July 1942. He remained in the Mediterranean theater until 18 June 1943, when disagreements with his superiors led to his replacement. He stood up to Hermann Göring in 1944, when Göring, without following proper proceedures, arrested General Wimmer, demanding and achieving the laters release.^[3]

In December 1944 Harlinghausen was appointed Chef des Luftwaffenkommandos "West", a position he held until the cession of hostilities.

He was captured by American troops and was released in 1947. He served in the new West German Luftwaffe from 1957 to 1961. He was sent into retirement, having been politically uncomfortable during his post-war career, after demanding a proper investigation in the 1961 F-84 Thunderstreak incident, after which Oberstleutnant Siegfried Barth, commander of Jagdbombergeschwader (JaBoG) 32, was removed from his post without a proper investigation.^[3]

Harlinghausen died in Gütersloh in March 1986.

Awards

• Medalla de la Campaña de España
• Spanish Cross in Gold with Diamonds
• Combined Pilots-Observation Badge in Gold with Diamonds
• Iron Cross (1939)
  • 2nd Class
  • 1st Class (3 February 1940)^[4]
• Wound Badge (1939) in Black
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
  • Knight's Cross on 4 May 1940 as Major in the general staff and chief of staff of the X. Fliegerkorps^[5]
  • 8th Oak Leaves on 30 January 1941 as Oberstleutnant in the general staff and chief of staff of the X. Fliegerkorps^[5]
• Africa Cuffband
• Mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht on 3 November 1940
• Great Cross of Merit

Reference in the Wehrmachtbericht

Date	Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording	Direct English translation
Sunday, 3 November 1940	An der britischen Ostküste versenkte ein Kampfflugzeug ein Handelsschiff von 6000 BRT. Damit hat der Kommandant dieses Flugzeuges, Major i. G. Harlinghausen, sein 20. Handelsschiff und mit ihm eine Gesamttonnage von über 100 000 BRT vernichtet.[6]	A combat aircraft sank a merchant ship of 6000 GRT on the British East Coast. The commander of this aircraft, Major in the general staff Harlinghausen, thus destroyed his 20th merchant ship with a total tonnage exceeding 100 000 GRT.

Notes

1. ^ Until late September 1941, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves was second only to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of the Third Reich. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves as highest military order was surpassed on 28 September 1941 by the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern).

References

Citations

1. ^ Alman 1998, p. 121.
2. ^ Martin Harlinghausen
3. ^ ^{a b} STRAUSS-BEFEHL: Bier-Order 61 (German) Der Spiegel, published: 9 May 1962, accessed: 30 November 2010
4. ^ Alman 1998, p. 123.
5. ^ ^{a b} Scherzer 2007, p. 366.
6. ^ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, p. 348.

Bibliography

• Alman, Karl (1998). Ritterkreuzträger des Afrikakorps (in German). Rastatt, Germany: VPM Verlagsunion Pabel Moewig. ISBN 3-8118-1457-5.
• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945 (in German). Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
• Jackson, Robert (2002). The Bismarck. Weapons of War: London. ISBN 1-86227-173-9.
• Scherzer, Veit (2007). Ritterkreuzträger 1939 - 1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
• Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, 1. September 1939 bis 31. Dezember 1941 (in German). Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 1985. ISBN 3-423-05944-3.
• Helden der Wehrmacht - Unsterbliche deutsche Soldaten (in German). München, Germany: FZ-Verlag GmbH, 2004. ISBN 3-924309-53-1.

External links

Military of Germany portal

• Martin Harlinghausen @ Lexikon der Wehrmacht

Military offices
Preceded by none	Commander of Fliegerführer Atlantik 31 March 1941 – 5 January 1942	Succeeded by Generalmajor Wolfgang von Wild
Preceded by Generaloberst Bruno Loerzer	Commander of II. Fliegerkorps 23 February 1943 – 12 June 1943	Succeeded by General Alfred Bülowius

Persondata
Name	Harlinghausen, Martin
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	17 January 1902
Place of birth	Rheda, Westphalia
Date of death	22 March 1986
Place of death	Gütersloh