Hodod

Hodod Hadad, Kriegsdorf
—  Commune  —
Hodod
Coordinates: 47°24′N 23°2′E / 47.4°N 23.033°E / 47.4; 23.033
Country	Romania
County	Satu Mare County
Population (2002)[1]	3,199
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
– Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)

Location of Hodod in Satu Mare County

Hodod, Hungarian Reformed church

Nadişu, Kloten Utca

Giurtelecu, Romanian Orthodox church

Lelei

Lelei, wooden church

Hodod (Hungarian: Hadad, Hungarian pronunciation: [hɒdɒd]; German: Kriegsdorf) is a commune of 3,209 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of four villages:

Romanian	Hungarian	German[2]
Giurtelecu Hododului	Hadadgyőrtelek	Wüst Jörgen, Georgius
Hodod	Hadad	Kriegsdorf
Lelei	Lele	Lellen
Nadişu Hododului	Hadadnádasd	Ungarisch Rohrdorf, Rohrfeld

Geography

The municipality of Hodod lies in the extreme southeast of the county Satu Mare and borders in the west to the municipality Bogdand, in the north to the Maramures county and in the east and south by the Sălaj county. The municipality is located in the hills of Codru, 10 km west of Cehu Silvaniei and 70 km south of Satu Mare, the capital of the Satu Mare county.

History

Until 1940

Hodod is mentioned since 1210, Nadişu Hododului since 1205, Lelei since 1330, Giurtelecu Hododului since 1378.

Hodod belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary and was part of the Principality of Transylvania. In 1399, a castle is mentioned when the village belonged to the family Kusalyi Jakcs. Hodod gained city status in 1482.

Hodod was given by King Rudolf II of Habsburg to the family Wesselényi, to whom it belongs to the 20th century. The castle was destroyed in the early eighteenth century. After the rebellion of Francis II Rákóczi, the town was taken from the family Wesselényi.

The Wesselényi family built a large castle in Baroque style. After the outbreak of the plague, the immigration of German settlers was promoted. From 1744 to 1751 Baron Franz Wesseleny called 30 families from Baden-Durlach and Switzerland to his property in Kriegsdorf (Hadad). In subsequent years, more immigrants came from German-speaking regions to Kriegsdorf.^[3][4]. In 1880 Kriegsdorf counted 479 German inhabitants.
After the Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1867 the Austrian Empire, and the Principality of Transylvania, disappear. In 1876 the Kingdom of Hungary is divided into provinces. Hodod is now part of the district Szilagyi (Szilagyi vármegye'). At the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire disappears and the city is part of Greater Romania in the Treaty of Trianon. Hodod is now part of the district Sălaj.

1940-1945

Hodod in 1940 following the Second Vienna Award, annexed by Hungary until 1944.
In May 1944, the Jews were collected in the ghetto of Satu Mare. On May 19, 22, 26, 29, 30, 31 and June 1 of that year, they were deported to Auschwitz^[5][6][7].

The fate of the Roma is little is known. This is partly due to the fact that the Roma, in comparison with the Jews, were poorly organized^[8][9].
With the retreat of the German army in 1944, many Germans left Hodod. In 1945, 43 Germans were deported to the Soviet Union^[10].

After 1945

After the Second World War Hodod, with the Treaty of Paris, became Romanian again.
In the administrative reform of the country in 1968, the city became part of the Satu Mare county to which it belongs so far.

During the communist regime, especially in the 1980s, many Germans emigrated.

Demographics

Ethnic groups (2002 census)^[11]

• Hungarians: 2166 (67,70%)
• Romanians: 907 (28.35%)
• Romani people: 79 (2.46%)
• Germans: 46 (1.43%)

Inhabitants per village (census 2002)^[11]:

• Giurtelecu Hododului: 816
• Hodod: 912
• Lelei: 662
• Nadişu Hododului: 809

Religion

In 2002, the religious composition of the municipality is as follows^[11]:

• Reformed: 60.26%
• Orthodox: 27.57%
• Baptist: 7.87%
• Pentecostal: 1.71%
• Catholic: 0.84%
• Seventh-day Adventist: 0.56%

Language

The official language is Romanian. In Hodod, Nadişu and Lelei is predominantly Hungarian spoken. Giurtelecu speaks mainly in Romanian. The Roma talk Romani (language of the Roma, gypsies). A small minority speaks German.

Ethnic minority groups (Hungarians, Swabians) often feel in the first place to their ethnicity and, second, Romanian. In villages with predominantly Hungarian population it is polite to Hungarians using Hungarian place names (Hadad Hadadgyőrtelek, Hadadnádasd, Lele). Speaking to Romanians the use of Romanian place names is polite (Hodod, Lelei, Giurtelecu Hododului, Nadişu Hododului). This applies also to titles such as "mayor" (Hungarian: polgármester; Romanian: Primar).

In terms of foreign languages, a part of the population speaks English, French, and German. Historically, French was the leading language for the study. Nowadays is't so that the elderly in Romania speak French and youngsters English.

Politics

The Hodod City Council has 11 Councillors. At the time of the Romanian municipal elections of June 2008, Francisc Balog (UDMR) was elected as Mayor.^[12]

Municipal elections 2008^[13]

Party	Number of Councillors
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR)	7
National Liberal Party (Partidul Naţional Liberal, PNL)	1
New Generation Party – Christian Democratic Partidul Noua Generaţe -Creştin Democrat	1
Social Democratic Party (Partidul Social Democrat, PSD)	1
Hungarian Civic Union (Partidul Civic Magiar - Magyar Polgári Párt)	1

Not all parties are nationally operating parties.

Education

Lelei, school

In Hodod is an elementary school^[14]. In Nadişu, Giurtelecu and Lelei are dependances.
Romanian children visit from their 6th until their 14th year elementary education.
The Romanian educational system is as follows:

• Scoala Primara şi gimnaziala - elementary school
• Liceu - secondary education
• Invăţământ Superior - high school

Economy

Hodod, market

Agriculture

The economy of the municipality is based on agriculture (arable, livestock and beekeeping).

Market

In Hodod is every first Monday of the month a large market.

Historic sites and monuments

Hodod, Jewish cemetery

Castles

• Hodod, Wesselényi Castle, one of the landmarks of the Baroque style in the district of Satu-Mare. Eighteenth century^[15].
• Hodod, Degenfeld castle. Eclectic Architecture. Nineteenth century^[15].

Church Buildings

• Hodod, Evangelical Lutheran Church. Eighteenth century^[16][17].
• Hodod, Reformed Church. Gothic architecture. Fifteenth century, classified historic monument^[16].
• Nadişu Hododului, Reformes church. Fifteenth century, classified historic monument^[16].
• Giurtelecu Hododului, Orthodox church^[16].
• Lelei, wooden orthodox church of the Holy Archangels. 1870, classified historic monument^[16].
• Lelei, wooden protestant church. Built 1783 - 1788^[16][18].

Cemeteries

East of Hodod, hidden between the fields and groves, there is a Jewish cemetery^[5]. Also in Nadişu Hododului^[6] en Lelei^[7] are Jewish cemeteries. In Hodod there is a German cemetery^[19]. In this cemetery is a memorial plaque with the names of 44 victims of the First World War (1914-1918).

Natives

• Béla Kun (1886-1938), Communist revolutionary
• Virgil Măgureanu (1941-), intelligence agency chief

References

1. ^ Romanian census data, 2002; retrieved on March 1, 2010
2. ^ Exonyme - Vergessene Ortsnamen
3. ^ Heimatortsgemeinschaft Kriegsdorf-Hadad, The history of Hadad
4. ^ Zeitschrift für Siebenbürgische Landeskunde
5. ^ ^{a b} IAJGS International Jewish Cemetery Project (Hodod)
6. ^ ^{a b} IAJGS International Jewish Cemetery Project (Nadişu Hododului)
7. ^ ^{a b} IAJGS International Jewish Cemetery Project (Lelei)
8. ^ Non-Jewish Holocaust Victims
9. ^ Porajmos (Gypsy persecution)
10. ^ Heimatortsgemeinschaft Kriegsdorf-Hadad, migration Germans
11. ^ ^{a b c} Romanian census data, 2002; retrieved on March 22, 2010
12. ^ Internet-site municipality Hodod
13. ^ Municipal elections 2008
14. ^ List of Romanian schools
15. ^ ^{a b} List of Romanian castles
16. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Database Romanian churches
17. ^ Heimatortsgemeinschaft Kriegsdorf-Hadad, Lutheran Church
18. ^ Wooden churches in Satu Mare
19. ^ Heimatortsgemeinschaft Kriegsdorf-Hadad, German cemetery

External Links

• Map of the Satu Mare County

Coordinates: 47°24′N 23°02′E / 47.4°N 23.033°E / 47.4; 23.033