Bethlehem, New Hampshire

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Bethlehem, New Hampshire
nickname =
motto = Star of the White Mountains


image_

imagesize =
image_caption =

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mapsize = 250px
map_caption = Location in Grafton County, New Hampshire
settlement_type = Town


mapsize1 =
map_caption1 =
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = New Hampshire
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Grafton
government_type =
leader_title = Board of Selectmen
leader_name =
established_title = Incorporated
established_date = 1799
area_magnitude = 1 E8
area_total_km2 = 235.7
area_total_sq_mi = 91.0
area_land_km2 = 235.5
area_land_sq_mi = 90.9
area_water_km2 = 0.2
area_water_sq_mi = 0.1
area_water_percent = 0.08
population_as_of = 2000
population_note =
population_total = 2199
population_density_km2 = 9.3
population_density_sq_mi = 24.2
timezone = Eastern
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST = Eastern
utc_offset_DST = -4
latd = 44 |latm = 16 |lats = 49 |latNS = N
longd = 71 |longm = 41 |longs = 17 |longEW = W
elevation_m = 435
elevation_ft = 1426
website =
postal_code_type = ZIP code
postal_code = 03574
area_code = 603
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 33-05460
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = 0873546
footnotes =

Bethlehem is a hillside town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,199 at the 2000 census. Bethlehem includes the villages of Maplewood and Pierce Bridge. It is home to Cushman and Strawberry Hill state forests. The eastern half of the town is within the White Mountain National Forest. The Appalachian Trail crosses in the south.

History

Granted as Lloyd's Hills in 1774 by Colonial Governor John Wentworth, the town was named for James Lloyd of Boston. It would be the last of the provincial grants in New Hampshire. In the aftermath of the Revolutionary War, the original grant could not be found. Lack of documentation would deter settlement until 1787, when the first permanent houses where built. Dropping its homage to Lloyd, a Loyalist, the town would be incorporated as Bethlehem on December 27, 1799, the name selected on the last Christmas Day of the century. There were just 33 families, with agriculture the only industry.

By 1850, however, the population had grown to 950, and the town contained a gristmill, 5 large sawmills and 2 starch factories. Then, in 1867, the railroad came to Bethlehem Junction. With it traveled tourists from Boston, New York and elsewhere, many to avoid respiratory ailments in the low pollen count environment of "the highest town in New Hampshire" (as claimed on a present-day sign in the village, although several other towns in the state are higher). Others were attracted by the paintings of the White Mountain artists. Conveniently located near Mount Washington and other attractions of the White Mountains, Bethlehem developed into a Gilded Age resort for the rich and famous.

In 1873, at the beginning of a building boom, Governor Henry Howard of Rhode Island built Howard House. Eventually, over 30 hotels would line Bethlehem's streets. Seven trains arrived daily, some direct from Grand Central Station, stopping at Bethlehem's five depots. Patrons included Presidents Grant, Hayes, Roosevelt, Taft and Harding, as well as author Thornton Burgess and poet Robert Frost. Entertainments included strolling Main Street on a two and a half mile raised boardwalk, carriage rides in the countryside, croquet games or simply lounging about the hotels' sweeping piazzas.

On the hills and thoroughfares were built large summer "cottages," including that of the Woolworth family. Beginning in 1887, an annual Coaching Parade was held, with prizes awarded for lavishly decorated horse-drawn carriages. Ornamentations cost as much as $5000, prompting visitor Phineas T. Barnum to proclaim it "the "Second" Greatest Show on Earth."

But the rise of the automobile would bring the decline of grand hotels. Tourists could now explore regions beyond the limits of rail service. Beginning about 1916, Jewish families began arriving in town, often seeking relief from hay fever symptoms. It was at Bethlehem, in fact, that the National Hay Fever Relief Association was founded. World War II gave the hotels a second life, as tourists avoided war-ravaged Europe and stayed closer to home. By the 1950s, however, hotel attendance had dwindled. Many would close and be demolished. Today, the town is known for its special Christmas postal cancellation stamp. Every year, people from all over the world send Christmas cards to the Bethlehem post office to have them postmarked. In 2000, it handled 56,000 Christmas cards.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of convert|91.0|sqmi|km2, of which convert|90.9|sqmi|km2|abbr=on is land and convert|0.1|sqmi|km2|abbr=on is water, comprising 0.08% of the town. Bethlehem is drained by the Ammonoosuc, Gale, Zealand and Little rivers, together with Tuttle, Baker and Haystack brooks. Mount Cleveland, elevation convert|2397|ft|m, and Mount Agassiz, convert|2378|ft|m|abbr=on, rise to the south of the center of town. Town boundaries contain several of the famous 4,000-footers of New Hampshire: North Twin Mountain (the highest point in Bethlehem at convert|4781|ft|m|abbr=on), Mount Hale, Mount Tom, Mount Field and Mount Willey. Bethlehem lies almost fully within the Connecticut River watershed, though a tiny portion of the southeast corner of the town is in the Merrimack River watershed.cite book |title=Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers |url=http://nh.water.usgs.gov/Publications/nh.intro.html |last=Foster |first=Debra H. |coauthors=Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; and Medalie, Laura |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey |year=1995]

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 2,199 people, 924 households, and 588 families residing in the town. The population density was 24.2 people per square mile (9.3/km²). There were 1,307 housing units at an average density of 14.4/sq mi (5.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.95% White, 0.14% African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population.

There were 924 households out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town the population was spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,547, and the median income for a family was $48,333. Males had a median income of $30,133 versus $24,333 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,155. About 7.9% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

* [http://www.bethlehemwhitemtns.com/heritagesociety.html Bethlehem Heritage Society Museum]
* [http://www.spnhf.org/ourproperties/featured/rocks-estate.asp The Rocks Estate]

References

External links

* [http://www.bethlehemwhitemtns.com/history.html History of Bethlehem, New Hampshire]
* [http://www.bethlehemcolonial.org/ The Colonial Theatre]
* [http://www.nh.gov/nhes/elmi/htmlprofiles/bethlehem.html New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile]