John Drinkwater Bethune

John Drinkwater Bethune
Born	9 June 1762 Latchford, Warrington, England
Died	16 January 1844 (aged 81) Leatherhead, Surrey, England
Occupation	Army officer, military historian
Spouse	Eleanor Congalton, 22nd of Balfour
Notes Arms: Party per pale, gu. and az., on a fesse, wavy, arg., three billets, of the second, between three garbs or. Crest: Three wheat-ears, two in saltier, one in pale, or, encircled by a ducal coronet. Motto: Labore omnia florent (trans. everything flourishes through work) Seat: Palmer's Lodge, Elstree.[1]

Colonel John Drinkwater Bethune (9 June 1762 – 16 January 1844), born John Drinkwater, was an English army officer and military historian, and was well known for his journal, which he kept during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.^[2][3]

Life and career

Bethune was born at Warrington in 1762. The son of an ex-navy surgeon, he joined the Royal Manchester volunteers at the age of fifteen and was almost immediately posted to Gibraltar.^[4] In 1787 Drinkwater travelled to Gibraltar a second time with the second battalion of the Royal Regiment of foot.^[4] He was publicly thanked by General Eliott for his book and was given sufficient funds to establish the Gibraltar Garrison Library. He subsequently accompanied his regiment to Toulon (where he acted as military secretary during the city's English occupation) and then to Corsica (where he served as deputy-judge-advocate to the English forces stationed there).^[4]

One son, John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune was a pioneer in promoting women's education in 19th-century India and in 1849 founded an institution for women's education in Calcutta. The other, Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune rose to Admiral in the Royal Navy.

His last years were spent living at Thorncroft Manor, Leatherhead, a fine 18th century house. He is buried in the churchyard of St. Nicholas and St. Mary's Church, Leatherhead,

A History of the Siege of Gibraltar

He first published his work in 1785, and a new edition of A History of the Siege of Gibraltar was published in 1905. The history of the four eventful years' siege is fully detailed also in the Memoir, attached to Green's Siege of Gibraltar (1784), of its defender George Augustus Elliot, afterwards Lord Heathfield.

As a soldier, Drinkwater was more interested in the military than in the civil aspects, yet his account does give some glimpses of the sufferings of the civilians.

The account was completed in 1783 and had with extreme rapidity established its reputation as a military classic.^[5]

Career as a Canal Director

Drinkwater enjoyed a second career following his military career. He was a director of the Regent's Canal Company and earned great respect in his role for his surefooted handling of the company's many financial crises during the period leading up to the opening of the canal in 1820.

Notes

1. ^ John Burke, Burke's genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry, Volume 1, Publisher H. Colburn, 1847. (page 352)
2. ^ "New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors". Author and Book Info.com Beta Test Version. http://www.authorandbookinfo.com/ngcoba/dr.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-16. 
3. ^ "National Library of Scotland, Manuscript Collections". The National Archives. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/accessions/2005/05digests/imperial.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-16. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} "John Drinkwater". Mark Sanchez. http://www.marksanchez.info/books/drinkwaterbio.html. Retrieved 2007-08-05. ^{[dead link]}
5. ^ "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen". Rudolph Erich Raspe. http://www.authorama.com/adventures-of-baron-munchausen-1.html. Retrieved 2007-07-16. 

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Gibraltar". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

• Works by or about John Drinkwater Bethune in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Persondata
Name	Bethune, John Drinkwater
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	9 June 1762
Place of birth	Latchford, Warrington, England
Date of death	16 January 1844
Place of death	Leatherhead, Surrey, England