Mariahilf

Mariahilf
—  6th District of Vienna  —
Coat of arms
Location of the district within Vienna
Country	Austria
City	Vienna
Government
- District Director	Renate Kaufmann (SPÖ)
- First Deputy	Peter Chlup (SPÖ)
- Second Deputy	Haslauer Werner (Green)
- Representation    (40 Members)	SPÖ 16, Green 11, ÖVP 8, FPÖ 5
Area
- Total	1.48 km2 (0.6 sq mi)
Population (2011-01-01)[1]
- Total	29,623
- Density	20,015.5/km2 (51,840/sq mi)
Postal code	A-1060
Address of District Office	Amerlingstraße 11 A-1060 Wien
Website	www.wien.gv.at   /bezirke/mariahilf/

Mariahilf is the 6th municipal district of Vienna, Austria (German: 6. Bezirk). It is near the center of Vienna and was established as a district in 1850.^[2] Mariahilf is a heavily populated urban area with many residential buildings.^[3][2] It has a population of 29,623 (2011-01-01) within an area of 1.48 square kilometres (0.6 sq mi).

Location

Mariahilf is located southwest of Vienna's centre (1st district). In the north, Mariahilfer Straße, Vienna's most important shopping street, is its border with Neubau, in the south, the valley of the Vienna River, in the west, the Gürtel beltway.

It consists of the five neighbourhoods (historical Vorstädte, i.e. towns): Mariahilf, Gumpendorf, Windmühle, Magdalenengrund and Laimgrube.

History

First settlements around the Roman roads of the area developed around the year 1000. In 1428, the name Im Schöff is mentioned for the first time, but this name was lost when the copy of a sacral painting from Passau was installed in a chapel of the graveyard, which came to be known as Mariahilf ("Mary's help").

More intensive settlement started only after the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna in 1683. The area was of some importance because the road to Schönbrunn Palace led through it.

Gumpendorf was mentioned in 1130 for the first time and developed from a Roman watchtower. It was subject to various feudal lords and was sold to the municipality of Vienna in 1798.

Magdalenengrund was originally known as Im Saugraben an der Wien auf der Gstätten ("In the sow pit on the Wien on the meadow") and consisted only of vineyards. In 1698, some plots were released for construction.

The Laimgrube (clay pit) is probably the oldest part of Mariahilf. It was mentioned in 1291 for the first time, but has existed already since the 11th century. Its name is derived from the clay soil, which was used to produce bricks.

Windmühle (windmill) developed from a feudal holding used by various monastic orders. In 1529 it was destroyed during the First Turkish Siege. Emperor Ferdinand I had the ownerhsip transferred to Johann Francolin, subject to the condition that he should build windmills there. However, he had only one mill built.

On March 6, 1850, the five Vorstädte of Gumpendorf, Mariahilf, Windmühle, Magdalenengrund and Laimgrube became part of Vienna as the Fifth District, Mariahilf. When Wieden was split into two districts in 1861, it became the 6th District. In 1862, some areas north of Mariahilfer Straße were ceded to the 7th District (Neubau).

Towards the end of the 19th century, Mariahilf had developed to become an important business district of Vienna. The Mariahilfer Strasse was a major shopping street; however, the big department stores were beyond the district boundary, over in the 7th District. The Mariahilfer area influenced the roads for mainly small and medium-sized businesses.

Between 1890 and 1907, the Kaunitzgasse steam power plant became one of the first electricity works in Vienna. Following the acquisition of the originally privately operated power plant, by the municipality of Vienna, it was decommissioned and converted into a substation.

Mariahilf is home to many of Vienna's gay and lesbian residents and contains a sizable concentration of bars, clubs, restaurants and shops catering to the community, along with the Rosa Lila Villa community center.

In the 1990s, there were two minor changes in the district boundaries: in 1995 in the area of the belt on the border at the 15th District, and 1996 in the Europe Square in front of the West Railway Station, where the 6th, 7th and 15th District meet. Both border changes affected mainly the transport structures. The district affiliation of residential areas did not change.

Population

Population Growth Data from Statistik Austria [1]

Population development

The Mariahilf District was already, after its 1850 founding, very densely populated. In 1869, the district area had 67,642 inhabitants, a figure that was never surpassed. Until the beginning of the First World War, the population declined only slightly and remained largely stable. After the First World War began, the population almost continuously decreased. Due to the increasing demands for housing, combined with housing mergers, the population of Mariahilf. Since the last census in 2001, the population had largely stabilized by 2006 and rose slightly to 29,523 people.

Population structure

The age of people in Mariahilf, in 2001, differed in several ways from the Vienna city-wide averages. So, Mariahilf had fewer children, but more young adults than the average for Vienna. In 2001, the proportion of residents under 15 years was, with 12.4%, below the Vienna value of 14.7%. The population aged 20 to 39 years in Mariahilf was, with 34.4%, more than the Vienna-average of 30.9%. The proportion of the population aged 60 years or more was 19.2%, slightly below the Vienna average (21.7%). The gender distribution in the district area corresponded to the community trend, with 47.1% men and 52.9% women. Mariahilf's 35.8% compared, against Vienna's city average of 41.2%, as much less often married than the average for Vienna.

Origin and language

The proportion of foreign-district residents in 2005 was 19.6% (Vienna city-wide: 18.7%), and increased over 2001 (17.8%), along with the rising trend in the entire State. The highest proportion of foreigners, in 2005, represented approximately a 3.6% share of the district population as nationals from Serbia and Montenegro. Another 2.4% were German, 1.5% Turkish, 1.3% Polish and 0.8% had Croatian or Bosnian citizenship. In total, for 2001, nearly 26.6% of the population of Mariahilf had not been born in Austria. About 5.6% expressed as a colloquial language Serbian, with Turkish 3.5% and 2.3% Croatian.^[4]

Religious preferences

The religion of the people in Mariahilf, during the 2001 census, ranked about average for Vienna, only the proportion of people with Roman Catholic or Islamic religion was slightly below average. In 2001, 47.4% of the inhabitants had membership in the Roman Catholic Church (Vienna city-wide: 49.2%). There are three district Roman Catholic parishes, with the City Deanery 6 / 7. About 6.4% of residents were Islamic faith, 6.0% belonged to the Orthodox Church, and 5.2% were Protestant. Nearly 26.8% of the district population did not belong to any religious group, and 8.2% had no religion or other religious preference indicated.^[4]

Politics

District Directors since 1945
Dr. Leder (unknown)	4/1945
Franz Löwner (SPÖ)	4/1945–1946
Karl Bittner (ÖVP)	1946–1954
Rudolf Krammer (ÖVP)	1954–1969
Hubert Feilnreiter (SPÖ)	1969–1977
Werner Jank (SPÖ)	1977–1978
Franz Blauensteiner (ÖVP)	1978–1984
Kurt Pint (ÖVP)	1984–1997
Erich Achleitner (ÖVP)	1997–2001
Renate Kaufmann (SPÖ)	2001–

The Mariahilf district has always been fought between the ÖVP and SPÖ political parties. While the ÖVP, after the Second World War until 1969, had the largest party vote, it was that year replaced by the SPÖ. The SPÖ lost in 1978, but the district head of the ÖVP agreed more. The ÖVP was in the aftermath to dominate the elections. By the entrance of the Greens in the district politics in the late 80s, and that applies to the Liberal Forum (LIF), in 1996 ÖVP and SPÖ rapidly lost votes. The ÖVP also lost heavily in the elections of 2001. The SPÖ, after the losses of 1996, was re-compensated with the strongest party vote. The SPÖ conquered the district head back. The Greens, in 2001, landed just behind the ÖVP, which suffered heavy losses, plus the FPÖ strong losses. In the 2005 elections, the trend continued. The Freedom Party lost heavily in the vote again, which flew from the LIF District. Of the vote, the shifts benefitted the SPÖ and Greens, both of which grew strong. The Greens overtook the ÖVP for the first time, in 2005, with the slight loss of imports, and thus attained the post of deputy-district head, behind the SPÖ district leader.

District Political Parties 1991-2010 ^[5]

Jahr	SPÖ	ÖVP	FPÖ	Grüne	LIF	BZÖ	Sonstige
1991	30.2	38.5	15.2	14.1	--	--	2.0
1996	24.1	34.2	17.1	15.0	8.8	--	0.8
2001	30.7	25.7	13.7	24.9	4.1	--	0.9
2005	35.6	25.4	7.3	28.9	0.8	0.7	1.3
2010	37.1	18.1	11.1	26.1	1.6	0.8	3.4

Education

Beside some buildings of the Vienna University of Technology, Mariahilf hosts the Franz Schubert Conservatory and the central vocational schools for electrical engineering, information technology, metallurgy, glass-ceramic, sanitary engineering, heating engineering and air conditioning technology.

Coat of Arms (Crest)

The district coat of arms represents the five formerly independent communities from which the district was formed in 1850. The heart sign is the district-section Mariahilf and shows a brown boat on the sea with billowing silver sails. At the rear, a flag is blowing with the double eagle. On the ship, stands Don Juan de Austria in golden armor, whose victory over the Turks in the naval battle of Lepanto is due to the help of the Virgin Mary.

The left upper part of the coat of arms represents the district-section Laimgrube. It shows Saint Theobald in a brown monk's robe before an altar with a crucifix; to the right stands a church. The coat of arms goes back to a chapel, which was dedicated to St. Theobald in 1621.

The right upper part of the coat of arms stands for the district-section Windmühle. It also shows Saint Theobald, here on a silver base in the Bishop's orant. Left of him is also a red-covered church. The left, lower part of the coat of arms symbolizes the district-section Magdalenengrund. The namesake of the district, St. Mary Magdalene, kneels before a silver background under the crucifix to their left.

The right, lower part of the coat of arms is finally the district-section Gumpendorf. It shows, on a black background, a single, golden head with three lilies in yellow and black color. It is the emblem of the family Muschinger, which in the 16th Century reigned in Gumpendorf.

Sights

Mariahilfer Kirche (church).

Wienzeile house of Otto Wagner.

Raimund Theater.

• Arik Brauer House
• Mariahilf Fire Station
• Gustav Adolf Church
• The Haus des Meeres aquarium in one of the flak towers
• Mariahilfer Kirche (church)
• Gumpendorf Church
• Naschmarkt
• Fillgraderstiege
• Rosa Lila Villa - Vienna's LGBT community center, also contains Cafe Willendorf
• Raimundtheater
• Theater an der Wien

Theatres

The Theater an der Wien, on Wienzeile, was built in 1801 and is now one of the composite of the United Stages Vienna. Ludwig van Beethoven lived between 1803-1804 part-time in the building, where today a memorial room is dedicated. On Wallgasse street at the other end of the district, is the Raimund Theater, named after Ferdinand Raimund. The house, in the mid-1980s, belonged like the Theater an der Wien to the United Stages Vienna, and it is the venue for musicals. In addition to these two stages, there are smaller theaters, like the TAG, Theater an der Gumpendorferstraße, and the Theater Brett.

Museums

The District Museum of Mariahilf, on Mollardgasse street, is dedicated to, inter alia, focusing Ratzenstadl (Magdalenengrund), Theater an der Wien, and the Palais Kaunitz-Esterhazy. In the same house is also the Phonographic Vienna Museum, which deals with the history of the phonograph, also as the Glass Museum Mariahilf. A former Flakturm tower is home to the Haus des Meeres ("house of the sea"), whose biggest attractions of the 2007 opening, included a 300,000 liter shark tank.

On Haydngasse street is located the Haydn-House of the composer Joseph Haydn, acquired in 1793 and inhabited until his death in 1809. Today, the house is a branch of the Vienna Museum. Other museums in Mariahilf are the Kaffeemuseum (coffee museum) with numerous exhibits on the topic of coffee, and the Sanitärhistorische Museum (Sanitary Historical Museum).

Notable residents

See also Category: People from Mariahilf.

• Victor Adler - Austrian Social Democratic leader
• Ludwig Anzengruber - Austrian dramatist, novelist and poet
• Otto Bauer - Austrian Social Democrat
• Ludwig van Beethoven - German composer
• Elfi von Dassanowsky - Austrian-American singer, pianist, film producer and humanitarian
• Fanny Elssler - Austrian ballerina
• Joseph Haydn - composer
• Hans Krankl - Austrian former professional footballer
• Franz Lehar - composer
• Siegfried Marcus - inventor and automobile pioneer
• Karl Millöcker - Austrian composer of operettas and a conductor
• Ferdinand Raimund - dramatist
• Emanuel Schikaneder - German impresario, dramatist, actor, and singer; librettist of Mozart's opera The Magic Flute and the builder of the Theater an der Wien.
• August Siccard von Siccardsburg - Austrian architect, designed Theater an der Wien
• Michael Thonet - German-Austrian cabinet maker
• Eduard van der Nüll - Austrian architect, designed Theater an der Wien
• Oskar Werner - Austrian actor

Notes

1. ^ "Statistik Austria – Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn seit 2002 nach Politischen Bezirken", Statistik Austria.
2. ^ ^{a b} Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References).
3. ^ Vienna Districts data, wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage: wien.gv.at-portraets08-PDF.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Statistik Austria (Volkszählung 2001)", webpages: SA-g90601.pdf and SA-g90001.pdf.
5. ^ Stadt Wien

References

[Parts of this article were translated from German Wikipedia.]

• "Wien - 6. Bezirk/Mariahilf", Wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage (15 subpages): Wien.gv.at-mariahilf (in German).
• Ernest Blaschek (Hg.): Mariahilf einst und jetzt (Mariahilf once and now). Gerlach & Wiedling, Vienna 1926.
• Felix Czeike: Wiener Bezirkskulturführer: VI. Mariahilf (Vienna Cultural Leader: VI. Mariahilf). Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1981, ISBN 3-7141-6234-8.
• Kunsthistorische Arbeitsgruppe GeVAG (Hg.): Wiener Fassaden des 19. Jahrhunderts: Wohnhäuser in Mariahilf (Vienna of the 19th Century: Residences in Mariahilf). Böhlau, Vienna 1976, ISBN 3-205-08172-2.
• Carola Leitner (Hg.): Mariahilf: Wiens 6. Bezirk in alten Fotografien (Vienna's 6th District in Old Photographs). Ueberreuter, Wien 2007, ISBN 978-3-8000-7248-4.
• Susanne Schestak-Hörschläger: Mariahilf – die Wiege der Arbeiterbewegung: Geschichte der Sozialdemokratie in Mariahilf (Mariahilf - Part of the Worker's Movement: History of Social-democracy in Mariahilf). Verl. d. SPÖ Wien, Vienna 1989.

External links

• Mariahilferstrasse: Vienna's largest shopping street.
• Rosa Lila Villa

Coordinates: 48°11′43″N 16°20′59″E / 48.19528°N 16.34972°E / 48.19528; 16.34972