Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium

Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium

The entrance to PDZA
Date opened	1905
Location	Tacoma, Washington, US
Land area	27 acres (11 ha)[1]
Coordinates	47°18′17″N 122°31′15″W / 47.3048°N 122.5207°W / 47.3048; -122.5207Coordinates: 47°18′17″N 122°31′15″W / 47.3048°N 122.5207°W / 47.3048; -122.5207
Annual visitors	680,000[1]
Memberships	AZA[2]
Major exhibits	Kid's Zone, Arctic Tundra, Rocky Shores, Asian Forest Sanctuary, Aquariums[3]
Website	www.pdza.org

The Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium (PDZA) is a combined zoo and aquarium located in Tacoma, Washington, US, owned by Metro Parks Tacoma. Situated on 29 acres (12 ha) in Tacoma's Point Defiance Park, the zoo and aquarium are home to over 9,000 specimens representing 367 animal species. The zoo was founded in 1905; the aquarium was founded in 1935 near Commencement Bay and relocated within the zoo in 1963.^[4] Both are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.^[2]

History

The Zoo was founded in 1905, and moved closer to its current location in 1914. The Point Defiance Park Aquarium opened on the waterfront in 1936 as an entity separate from the zoo.^[5]

By the late 1940s, several Zoo buildings were in disrepair and had to be rebuilt. The 36-year-old animal house was demolished and a new one with sandstone walls and 3/4-inch-thick viewing windows was built in its place. It housed some big cats and white-cheeked gibbons.^[5]

In the 1960s, the Point Defiance Park Aquarium had been incorporated into the Zoo. A new aquarium, now known as the North Pacific Aquarium, was built on Zoo grounds in 1963.^[5] By the end of the decade, a breeding program was begun for red wolves, which had been declared an endangered species in 1967.

Turn-of-the-century cages were deteriorating again in the early 1970s. After a $7 million bond measure was passed in 1977, the Zoo opened the Arctic Tundra complex in 1981 and the Rocky Shores area in 1982. With a smaller bond passed in 1986, the South Pacific Aquarium was built and then opened in 1989.^[5]

The Zoo experienced financial trouble in the 1990s, culminating in the probation of its AZA accreditation in 1999. Another bond, passed in that year, and a local sales tax increase shored up funds for improvements. With over $35 million at its disposal, the Zoo built a new animal hospital, an outdoor animal theater, Asian Forest Sanctuary, much of the Kids' Zone children's zoo, and a renovated entrance.^[5]

In 2008, an addition to Kids' Zone, Animal Avenue, was opened. The red wolf exhibit was renovated and re-opened in 2010, and a clouded leopard exhibit called Cats of the Canopy opened on August 27, 2011.^[6]

360° Panorama of the Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium.

Exhibits

The exhibits reflect the zoo's theme of ecosystems from the Pacific rim:^[7] Southeast Asia, the Pacific Northwest, the tundra, and aquatic environments.

A tiger at the top of a waterfall in Asian Forest Sanctuary

Asian Forest Sanctuary

This 5 acre (2.0 ha) exhibit complex which opened on July 1, 2004^[5] simulates the forests of southeast Asia with a waterfall, streams, and plants native to the region such as bamboo.^[8] The complex is designed so that species are rotated to different parts of the exhibit after several days.^[5] Asian Forest Sanctuary includes Sumatran tigers, white-cheeked gibbons, siamangs, lowland anoas, Malayan tapirs, Indian Crested Porcupines, Asian small-clawed otters, and Asian elephants.^[8]

An expansion called Cats of the Canopy opened on August 27, 2011 and focuses on the clouded leopard. Viewing is provided by a wide glass window along a gravelly stream bed and into a heated den. The twenty-foot high enclosure also allows the cats to climb through the trees.^[9]

Rocky Shores

Completed in 1982,^[1] this exhibit is based on the shoreline of Cape Flattery, Washington and serves as home to harbor seals, Pacific walruses, sea otters, and tufted puffins in four separate pools. In the middle of the exhibit area is a building for underwater viewing.

Arctic Tundra

1981 saw the opening of this exhibit area, which forms a semicircle at one end of the zoo. Muskoxen and reindeer are housed in separate meadows on the outside of the pathway's arc, while polar bears and Arctic foxes live on the inside of the arc. The polar bears have an eleven-foot-deep pool with above- and underwater viewing.^[10]

The Aquariums

The North Pacific Aquarium and South Pacific Aquarium each house species from different parts of the Pacific ocean. The North Pacific Aquarium, opened in 1963, displays species from the nearby Puget Sound such as rockfish, pipefish, and the Giant Pacific Octopus.^[11] The 1989-era South Pacific Aquarium simulates tropical Pacific environments, with two coral reef tanks and a lagoon exhibit. The lagoon has small fish and eels, while the 250,000-gallon (950,000-l) Outer Reef tank has nurse sharks, blacktip reef sharks, and four other shark species.^[11]

Red Wolf Woods

The habitat was rebuilt in 2009 and opened again in the summer of 2010.^[12] The exhibit consists of two separate meadows with a rocky creek, hollow log, and other landscaping.^[13] The conservation center is designed to look like an abandoned farm building.

Kids' Zone

A number of animals are present including African pygmy goats, black-breasted leaf turtles, giant African millipedes, gopher snakes, green-crested basilisks, guinea pigs, sheep, Nigerian dwarf goats, Northern Pygmy Owls, ocellated rays, Parma wallabies, poison dart frogs, rabbits, rats, and tiger rat snakes. There are also play structures and a petting zoo.

Animal Avenue, a children's zoo expansion, includes meerkats, ring-tailed lemurs, black lemurs, Damaraland mole rats, Antilles pink-toed tree spiders, emerald tree boas, green tree pythons, western Bell's hinge-back tortoises, pancake tortoises, horned frogs, White's tree frogs, hourglass tree frogs, long-legged desert ants, emperor scorpions, Madagascar hissing cockroachs, African Cichlids and Budgies.

Other exhibits

Unincorporated exhibits include an artificial tide pool and a penguin habitat.

Beluga whales

The zoo used to house belugas. In March 2009 one of the two belugas, Qannik, died of a blood infection.^[14] Beethoven, Qannik's companion, was sent to SeaWorld, San Antonio, on 5 June, 2009.^[15] Beethoven's former companion and half brother died three years earlier on 7 September 2006 of chronic liver failure, which resulted in Qannik being brought to the zoo in June 2007, soon after Beethoven had recovered from a severe infection.^[16]

A previous couple of belugas, Millie and Christy, died almost in unison in 2000. Mauyak was sent to Shedd Aquarium in 1997 for breeding, where she gave birth not only to Qannik but also to Miki, who is now 2 years old.

No new belugas have been brought to the zoo since Beethoven's departure, and none are scheduled to arrive any time in the foreseeable future, and Rocky Shores now houses harbor seals where belugas used to swim.

Conservation

One focus of the zoo's conservation work is the red wolf. Beginning in 1969, the zoo collected wild red wolves and successfully bred them for the first time in 1977.^[17] The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had removed the last fourteen wolves from the wild by 1980, and in 1984 the zoo received approval from the AZA to start a Species Survival Plan.^[18] By 1987 the number of red wolves in captivity was large enough to release some of them back into the wild.^[19] Reintroduced wolves continue to survive and breed in the wild, and by 2002 the world population was 175 in captivity and about 100 in the wild. One of the biggest threats to the wild population is coyote-wolf hybridization.^[20]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Whales, walruses, more parking – but no Asian elephants – in Tacoma zoo's future". thenewstribune.com. The News Tribune. 3 July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011. http://www.thenewstribune.com/2011/07/02/1730443/tacoma-zoos-possible-future-belugas.html. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "List of Accredited Zoos and Aquariums". aza.org. AZA. http://www.aza.org/current-accreditation-list/. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
3. ^ "Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium Map". pdza.org. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. http://www.pdza.org/files/library/5f844610a242f661_o.pdf. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
4. ^ "Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium History". pdza.org. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. http://www.pdza.org/page.php?id=209. Retrieved 28 May 2009. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} 100 Years at Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. 2005
6. ^ http://www.pdza.org/calendar.php?eid=225 Accessed August 13, 2011
7. ^ "Animals & Exhibits". pdza.org. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. http://www.pdza.org/page.php?id=3. Retrieved 27 September 2011. 
8. ^ ^{a b} http://www.pdza.org/page.php?id=12 Accessed August 3, 2011.
9. ^ "Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Clouded Leopard Exhibit". jsdesignstudio.net. http://jsdesignstudio.net/zoos/pdzacloudedleopard.html. Retrieved 5 October 2011. 
10. ^ "Arctic Tundra". pdza.org. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. http://www.pdza.org/page.php?id=113. Retrieved 10 August 2011. 
11. ^ ^{a b} http://www.pdza.org/page.php?id=114 Accessed July 29, 2011
12. ^ "Red Wolves". pdza.org. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. http://www.pdza.org/page.php?id=294. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
13. ^ "Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Red Wolf Exhibit". jsdesignstudio.net. http://jsdesignstudio.net/zoos/pdzaredwolf.html. Retrieved 5 October 2011. 
14. ^ "Point Defiance Zoo's beluga whale dies after infection". seattletimes.nwsource.com. Seattle Times. 30 March 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008946467_webbeluga30m.html. 
15. ^ "Bye, Beethoven: Tacoma's beluga splashes down in Texas". thenewstribune.com. The News Tribune. 1 June 2009. http://www.thenewstribune.com/2009/06/01/763548/bye-beethoven-tacomas-beluga-splashes.html. Retrieved 28 May 2010. ^{[dead link]}
16. ^ "Beethoven gets a new buddy". pdza.org. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. 10 June 2009. http://www.pdza.org/files/press_releases/49354d308e363ab1.pdf. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
17. ^ "Endangered Red Wolves". fws.gov. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. October 1997. http://library.fws.gov/Pubs4/endangered_red_wolves.pdf. Retrieved 29 September 2011. 
18. ^ "Red Wolf Conservation". pdza.org. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. http://www.pdza.org/page.php?id=296. Retrieved 29 September 2011. 
19. ^ "The Red Wolf Species Survival Plan". fieldtripearth.org. North Carolina Zoo Society. http://www.fieldtripearth.org/article.xml?id=693. Retrieved 29 September 2011. 
20. ^ Kelly BT, Beyer A & Phillips MK (2008). Canis rufus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 30 September 2011. Database entry includes justification for why this species is critically endangered.

External links

Media related to Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website