In-situ conservation

In-situ conservation means "on-site conservation". It is the process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat, either by protecting or cleaning up the habitat itself, or by defending the species from predators. Increasingly, this term is also being applied to the conservation of agricultural biodiversity in agroecosystems by farmers, especially those using unconventional farming practices. One benefit to "in-situ" conservation is that it maintains recovering populations in the surrounding where they have developed their distinctive properties. Another is that this strategy helps ensure the ongoing processes of evolution and adaptation within their environments. As a last resort, ex-situ conservation may be used on some or all of the population, when "in-situ" conservation is too difficult, or impossible.

Wildlife and livestock conservation is mostly based on "in situ" conservation. This involves the protection of wildlife habitats. Also, sufficiently large reserves are maintained to enable the target species to exist in large numbers. The population size must be sufficient to enable the necessary genetic diversity to survive within the population, so that it has a good chance of continuing to adapt and evolve over time. This reserve size can be calculated for target species by examining the population density in naturally-occurring situations. The reserves must then be protected from intrusion, or destruction by man, and against other catastrophes.

ee also

*Genetic Erosion
*Extinction
*World Conservation Union (IUCN)
*Reintroduction
*Food plot - the practice of planting crops specifically to support wildlife
*Habitat fragmentation
*Wildlife corridor
*Regional Red List

External links

* [http://www.biodiv.org/convention/articles.asp?lg=0&a=cbd-08 In-Situ Conservation, The Convention on Biological Diversity]
* [http://www.biodiv.org/convention/articles.asp?lg=0&a=cbd-09 Ex-Situ Conservation, The Convention on Biological Diversity]
* [http://www.iucn.org/ The World Conservation Union (IUCN)]
* [http://www.iucnsscrsg.org/ IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group]
* [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]
* [http://www.biodiv.org/default.shtml The Convention on Biological Diversity]
* [http://www.cbsg.org/index.php Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, IUCN]
* [http://www.bioversityinternational.org/Themes/Conservation_and_Use/index.asp#In_situ_conservation In situ conservation]

* [http://www.cbsg.org/reports/mammals.php Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, IUCN: CBSG “PHVA” Reports (Population and Habitat Viability Assessment)]

* [http://www.panda.org/ The World Wide Fund for Nature]
* [http://www.awdconservancy.org/ African Wild Dog Conservancy]
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/T0559E/T0559E00.htm#TOC ONLINE BOOK: “In situ conservation of livestock and poultry”, 1992, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations Environment Programme]

Other references

* cite book
author=Heywood, V.H. and M.E. Dullo
date=2005
title=In situ conservation of wild plant species a critical global review of good practices
publisher=FAO, IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) Rome, Italy
url= http://www.bioversityinternational.org/Publications/pubfile.asp?ID_PUB=1092 174 p.
* cite book
author=Jarvis, D.I., L. Meyer, H. Klemick, L. Guarino, M. Smale, A.H.D. Brown, M. Sadiki, B. Sthapit and T. Hodgkin
date=2000
title=A Training Guide for In Situ Conservation On-farm
publisher=IPGRI, BMZ, Development Cooperation (Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs), FAO, GRST, GTZ, IDRC, SDC
url=http://www.bioversityinternational.org/Publications/pubfile.asp?ID_PUB=611 161 p.
* cite book
author=Jarvis, D., B. Sthapit and L. Sears, editors.
date=2000
title=Conserving agricultural biodiversity in situ: A scientific basis for sustainable agriculture.
publisher=International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
url=http://www.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web%5Fversion/541/