Larimer County, Colorado

Infobox U.S. County
county = Larimer County
state = Colorado


founded year = 1861
founded date = November 1
seat wl = Fort Collins
largest city wl = Fort Collins
area_total_sq_mi = 2634
area_total_km2 = 6822
area_land_sq_mi = 2601
area_land_km2 = 6737
area_water_sq_mi = 33
area_water_km2 = 84
area percentage = 1.24%
census yr = 2000
pop = 251494
density_sq_mi = 97
density_km2 = 37
time zone = Mountain
UTC offset = -7
DST offset = -6
footnotes =
Seventh most populous Colorado county

web = www.co.larimer.co.us
named for = William Larimer, Jr.

Larimer County is the seventh most populous and the ninth most extensive of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado of the United States. The county is located at the northern end of the Front Range, at the edge of the Colorado Eastern Plains along the border with Wyoming. Larimer County was named for William Larimer, Jr., the founder of Denver, who is believed to have never have set foot in the county. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the county population was 276,253 in 2006, a 9.84% increase since U.S. Census 2000.cite web | url = http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/files/CO-EST2006-ALLDATA.csv | title = Annual County Population Estimates and Estimated Components of Change: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (CO-EST2006-alldata) | format = CSV | work = 2006 Population Estimates | publisher = United States Census Bureau, Population Division | date = 2007-03-22 | accessdate = 2007-05-09] The county seat and most populous city is Fort Collins. The Fort Collins-Loveland Metropolitan Statistical Area comprises Larimer County.

History

Larimer County was created in 1861 as one of seventeen original counties in the Colorado Territory; however, its western boundary was disputed. Controversy existed as to whether Larimer County ended at the Medicine Bow Range or at the Continental Divide thirty miles further west. An 1886 Colorado Supreme Court decision set the boundary at the Continental Divide, although the land between the Medicine Bow Range and the divide was made part of Jackson County in 1909.

Unlike that of much of Colorado, which was founded on the mining of gold and silver, the settlement of Larimer County was based almost entirely on agriculture, an industry that few thought possible in the region during the initial days of the Colorado Gold Rush. The mining boom almost entirely passed the county by. It would take the introduction of irrigation to the region in the 1860s to bring the first widespread settlement to the area.

Early History

At the time of the arrival of Europeans in the early 19th century, the present-day county was occupied by Native Americans, with the Utes occupying the mountainous areas and the Cheyenne and Arapaho living on the piedmont areas along the base of the foothills. French fur trappers infiltrated the area in the early decades of the 19th century, soon after the area became part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase and was organized as part of the Missouri Territory. In 1828 William H. Ashley ascended the Cache la Poudre River on his way to the Green River in present-day Utah. The river itself received its name in the middle 1830s from an obscure incident in which French-speaking trapping hid gunpowder along its banks, somewhere near present-day Laporte or Bellvue. In 1848 a group of Cherokee crossed through the county following the North Fork of the Poudre to the Laramie Plains on their way to California along a route that became known as the Cherokee Trail.

The area of county was officially opened to white settlement following negotiations with the Cheyenne and Arapaho in the 1858 Treaty of Fort Laramie, by which time the area was part of the Nebraska Territory. The first U.S. settlers arrived that same year in a party led by Antoine Janis from Fort Laramie. Janis, who had visited the area near Bellvue in 1844 and proclaimed it "the most beautiful place on earth", returned to file his official claim and helped found the first U.S. settlement in present-day Colorado, called Colona, just west of Laporte. Nearly simultaneously, Mariana Medina established Namaqua along the Big Thompson River just west of present-day Loveland. The first irrigation canals were established along the Poudre in the 1860s.

In 1862 the settlement established by Janis became a stagecoach stop along the Overland Trail, which was relocated south from its route in present-day Wyoming to the South Platte valley because of threats of attacks from Native Americans. In 1861, Laporte was designated as the first county seat after the organization of the Colorado Territory. In 1862, the United States Army established an outpost near Laporte that was designated as Camp Collins. A devastating flood in June 1864 wiped out the outpost, forcing the Army to seek a better location. At the urging of Joseph Mason, who had settled along the Poudre in 1860, the Army relocated its post downstream adjacent to Mason's land along the Overland stage route. The site of the new post became the nucleus of the town of Fort Collins, incorporated in 1873 after the withdrawal of the Army. By that time, Mason and others had convinced the legislature of the Colorado Territorial Legislature to designate the new town as the county seat. In 1870, the legislature designated Fort Collins as the location of the state agricultural college (later Colorado State University), although the institution would exist only on paper for another decade while local residents sought money to construct the first campus buildings. In 1873, Robert A. Cameron and other members of the Greeley Colony established the Fort Collins Agricultural Colony, which greatly expanded the grid plan and population of Fort Collins.

Railroads

One of the primary goals of the early citizens of the county was the courting of railroads. County residents were disappointed when the Denver Pacific Railroad bypassed the county in 1870 in favor of Greeley. The first railroad finally arrived in the county in 1877 when the Colorado Central Railroad extended a line north from Golden via Longmont to Cheyenne. The town council of Fort Collins designated right-of-way through the center of town (and through the campus of the unbuilt college) for the line, creating a contentious issue to this day.

Along the new railroad sprung up the new platted towns of Loveland and Berthoud, named respectively after the president and chief surveyor of the Colorado Central. Likewise Wellington (founded in 1903) was named for a railroad employee. The Greeley, Salt Lake and Pacific Railroad arrived three years later as a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Railroad, with the intention of creating a transcontinental line over Cameron Pass. Although the line was never extended over the mountains, it opened up the quarrying of stone for the railroad at Stout, furnishing another industry for the region. The brief attempt at the mining of gold in the region centered at the now ghost town of Manhattan in the Poudre Canyon.

Agriculture

The early growth of agriculture, which depended highly on direct river irrigation, experienced a second boom in 1902 with the introduction of the cultivation of sugar beets, accompanied by the construction of the large processing plant of the Great Western Sugar Co. in Loveland. In the following decade, the sugar beat industry brought large numbers of German-Russians to the county. The neighborhoods of Fort Collins northeast of the Poudre were constructed largely to house these new families.

A significant increase in the agricultural productivity of the region came in the 1930s with the construction of the Colorado Big Thompson Project following the Great Depression, sort of a third boom for the agricultural industry around Fort Collins. This project collected and captured Western Slope water, and carried it over to the Front Range Colorado counties of Boulder, Larimer and Weld, along with an extensive water storage and distribution system, which significantly extended the irrigable growing season and brought substantial additional land under irrigation for the first time.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,634 square miles (6,822 km²), of which, 2,601 square miles (6,737 km²) of it is land and 33 square miles (84 km²) of it (1.24%) is water.

Adjacent counties

*Laramie County, Wyoming - northeast
*Weld County, Colorado - east
*Boulder County, Colorado - south
*Grand County, Colorado - southwest
*Jackson County, Colorado - west
*Albany County, Wyoming - northwest

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 251,494 people, 97,164 households, and 63,156 families residing in the county. The population density was 97 people per square mile (37/km²). There were 105,392 housing units at an average density of 40 per square mile (16/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 91.44% White, 0.66% Black or African American, 0.66% Native American, 1.56% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 3.41% from other races, and 2.19% from two or more races. 8.27% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 97,164 households out of which 31.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.60% were married couples living together, 7.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.00% were non-families. 23.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the county the population was spread out with 23.80% under the age of 18, 14.20% from 18 to 24, 30.70% from 25 to 44, 21.80% from 45 to 64, and 9.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 99.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $48,655, and the median income for a family was $58,866. Males had a median income of $40,829 versus $27,859 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,689. About 4.30% of families and 9.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.80% of those under age 18 and 4.40% of those age 65 or over.

chool Districts

* [http://www.psdr3.k12.co.us/ Park R3] (Estes Park)
*Poudre R1 (Fort Collins & Surrounding Area)
*Thompson R2-J (Berthoud & Loveland)

Cities and towns

Incorporated communities

*Berthoud (town)
*Estes Park (town)
*Fort Collins (city)
*Loveland (city)
*Timnath (town)
*Wellington (town)
*Windsor (town, historically in Weld County, but expanded into Larimer County in the 1990s).

Unincorporated communities

*Bellvue
*Buckeye
*Campion
*Cherokee Park
*Drake
*Glendevey
*Glen Haven
*LaPorte
*Livermore
*Kinikinik
*Manhattan (ghost town)
*Masonville
*Old Roach (ghost town)
*Pinewood Springs
*Pingree Park
*Poudre Park
*Red Feather Lakes
*Rustic
*Teds Place
*Virginia Dale
*Waverly

National park

*Rocky Mountain National Park is headquartered in Estes Park

National forest and wilderness

*Roosevelt National Forest
*Cache La Poudre Wilderness
*Comanche Peak Wilderness
*Neota Wilderness
*Rawah Wilderness

tate parks

*Boyd Lake State Park
*Lory State Park

Prehistoric site

*Lindenmeier Site National Historic Landmark

National trails

*Continental Divide National Scenic Trail
*Greyrock Mountain National Recreation Trail
*Mount McConnel National Recreation Trail
*Round Mountain National Recreation Trail

Bicycle route

*Great Parks Bicycle Route

cenic byways

*Cache La Poudre-North Park Scenic and Historic Byway
*Peak to Peak Scenic and Historic Byway
*Trail Ridge Road/Beaver Meadow National Scenic Byway

Other features and attractions

*Poudre Canyon
*Virginia Dale
*Colorado State University
*Horsetooth Mountain
*Medicine Bow Mountains
*Front Range

ee also

*Heele County, Jefferson Territory
*Colorado census statistical areas
*Colorado counties
*Colorado metropolitan areas
*Colorado municipalities
*Fort Collins-Loveland Metropolitan Statistical Area
*Front Range Urban Corridor

References

External links

* [http://www.co.larimer.co.us/ Larimer County Government website]
* [http://www.nps.gov/romo/ Rocky Mountain National Park website]
* [http://www.stanwyck.com/cogenweb/cocounties.html Colorado County Evolution by Don Stanwyck]
* [http://www.coloradohistory.org/ Colorado Historical Society]