- Kara Mustafa Pasha
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See also: Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha
Kara Mustafa Pasha
Headstone of Kara Mustafa, Edirne, TurkeyMerzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (Born 1634/1635 – died 25 December 1683) was an Ottoman military leader and grand vizier who was a central character in the empire's last attempts at expansion into both Central Europe and Eastern Europe.
Contents
His Name
In contemporary sources, Mustafa is universally described as both greedy and villainous. The veracity of this is naturally open to conjecture, although his nickname of Kara (Turkish for "black" or "handsome") can certainly be interpreted in this way.
Born to Turkish parents in Merzifon, he was adopted into the powerful Albanian Köprülü family at a young age and served as a messenger to Damascus for his brother-in-law, the grand vizier Ahmed Köprülü. He directed in the name of Köprülü family's mukata' or tımar fields in Merzifon. After distinguishing himself, Mustafa became a vizier in his own right and, by 1663 or 1666, Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Navy).
His Official Life
He served as a commander of ground troops in a war against Poland in 1672, negotiating a settlement that added the province of Podolia to the empire. The victory enabled the Ottomans to transform the Cossack regions of the southern Ukraine into a protectorate. In 1676, when the grand vizier died, Mustafa succeeded him.
He was less successful in combating a Cossack rebellion that began in 1678. After some initial victories, intervention by Russia turned the tide and forced the Turks to conclude peace in 1681, effectively returning the Cossack lands to Russian rule with the exception of a few forts on the Dnieper and Southern Bug rivers.
Battle of Vienna
In 1683, he launched a campaign northward into Austria in a last effort to expand the Ottoman empire after more than 150 years of war. By mid-July, his 100,000-man army had besieged Vienna (guarded by 10,000 Habsburg soldiers), following in the footsteps of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1529. By September, he had taken a portion of the walls and appeared to be on his way to victory.
But on 12 September 1683, the Austrians and their Polish allies under King Jan Sobieski took advantage of dissent within the Turkish military command and poor disposition of his troops, winning the Battle of Vienna with a devastating flank attack led by Sobieski's Polish cavalry. The Turks retreated into Hungary, and then leaving the kingdom for retaking by the Austrians in 1686.
The defeat cost Mustafa his position, and ultimately, his life. On 25 December 1683, Kara Mustafa was executed in Belgrade by the order of the commander of the Janissaries. He suffered death by strangulation with a silk cord which was the capital punishment inflicted on high-ranking persons in the Ottoman Empire. His last words were, in effect, "Make sure you tie the knot right." Mustafa's head was presented to Sultan Mehmed IV in a velvet bag.
Legacy
It was rumored that his remains were both in Turkey and in Austria, but it has never been proven. The Austrian Government announced the discovery of a skull thought to be the Grand Vizir's, and also announced they would bury the skull unless the Turkish Government raised a claim. His headstone was originally in Belgrade, but is now found in Edirne, the second capital of Ottoman Empire.
The Foundation of Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha was one of the biggest foundations ever founded both in Ottoman Empire and Turkey. According to the official records; it was last managed by the grandsons of Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha; District Governor Ahmed Asım Bey (Born in Istanbul,1844). Ahmed Asım Bey's predecessor was his son; Mehmed Nebil Bey (Born in Istanbul, 1888) who also served as a governor during Ottoman Empire in Syria. The Foundation was finally managed by Mehmed Nebil Bey's son; famous Turkish painter Doğan Yılmaz Merzifonlu Karamustafaoğlu (Famous as Yılmaz Merzifonlu) until 1976. The Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha's last name ended with the marriage of Doğan Yılmaz Merzifonlu Karamustafaoğlu's one and only daughter's ("Mrs. Abide Tuğçe" (Currently; Mit) who carries Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha's mother's first name) marriage. Family tree can be chased via T.R. Prime Ministry Directorate General of Foundations. [1]
Coffee legend
As Mustafa Pasha's army retreated it left several large bags of green beans behind in Vienna. These sacks contained unroasted coffee beans which as legend has it, formed the nucleus from which the Viennese coffee trade began.
Titles
Political offices Preceded by
Köprülü Fazıl AhmedOttoman Grand Vizier
19 October 1676 – 25 December 1683Succeeded by
Kara İbrahim PashaReferences
See also
Resources
- Goodwin, Jason - Lords of the Horizons (book)
- Wheatcroft, Andrew The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe,
Basic Books.
Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire 
Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Rise (1299–1453) Hacıkemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha (1320–1331) · Mahmudoğlu Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha (1331–1348) · Hacı Pasha (1348–1349) · Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha (1349–1364) · Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (1364–1387) · Çandarlı Ali Pasha (1387–1406) · Osmancıklı Imamzade Halil Pasha (1406–1413) · Amasyalı Bayezid Pasha (1413–1421) · Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha (1421–1429) · Osmancıklı Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha (1429–1439) · Çandarlı Halil Pasha (1439–1453)
Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Growth (1453–1606) Zagan Pasha (1453–1456) • Veli Mahmud Pasha (1456–1466) • Rum Mehmed Pasha (1466–1469) • Ishak Pasha (1469–1472) • Veli Mahmud Pasha (1472–1474) • Gedik Ahmed Pasha (1474–1477) • Karamani Mehmed Pasha (1477–1481) • Ishak Pasha (1481–1482) • Davud Pasha (1482–1497) • Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1497–1498) • Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha (2nd) (1498–1499) • Mesih Pasha (1499–1501) • Hadim Ali Pasha (1501–1503) • Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1503–1506) • Hadim Ali Pasha (1509–1511) • Koca Mustafa Pasha (1511–1512) • Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha (1512–1515) • Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1515–1516) • Hadim Sinan Pasha (1516–1517) • Yunus Pasha (1517) • Piri Mehmed Pasha (1517) • Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (1523–1536) • Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1536–1539) • Lûtfi Pasha (1539–1541) • Hadim Suleiman Pasha (1541–1544) • Rüstem Pasha (1544–1553) • Kara Ahmed Pasha (1553–1555) • Rüstem Pasha (1555–1561) • Semiz Ali Pasha (1561–1565) • Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (1565–1579) • Şemsi Pasha (1579–1580) • Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha (1580) • Koca Sinan Pasha (1580–1582) • Siyavush Pasha (1582–1584) • Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha (1584–1585) • Hadim Mesih Pasha (1585–1586) • Siyavush Pasha (1586–1589) • Koca Sinan Pasha (1589–1591) • Ferhad Pasha (1591–1592) • Siyavush Pasha (1592–1593) • Koca Sinan Pasha (1593–1595) • Ferhad Pasha (1595) • Lala Mehmed Pasha (1595) • Koca Sinan Pasha (1595–1596) • Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1596) • Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1596) • Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1596–1597) • Hadim Hasan Pasha (1597–1598) • Cerrah Mehmed Pasha (1598–1599) • Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1599–1601) • Yemişçi Hasan Pasha (1601–1603) • Yavuz Ali Pasha (1603–1604) • Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha (1604–1606)Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1606) • Kuyucu Murad Pasha (1606–1611) • Nasuh Pasha (1611–1614) • Kara Mehmed Pasha (1614–1616) • Damat Halil Pasha (1616–1619) • Kara Mehmed Pasha (1619–1619) • Güzelce Ali Pasha (1619–1621) • Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha (1621) • Dilaver Pasha (1621–1622) • Kara Davud Pasha (1622) • Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1622) • Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha (1622) • Gürcü Hadim Mehmed Pasha (1622–1623) • Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1623) • Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha (1623–1624) • Çerkes Mehmed Pasha (1624–1625) • Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha (1625–1626) • Damat Halil Pasha (1626–1628) • Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha (1628–1631) • Hafiz Ahmed Pasha (1631–1632) • Topal Recep Pasha (1632) • Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha (1632–1637) • Bayram Pasha (1637–1638) • Tayyar Mehmed Pasha (1638) • Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha (1638–1644) • Civankapıcıbaşı Sultanzade Semiz Mehmed Pasha (1644–1645) • Nevesinli Salih Pasha (1645–1647) • Kara Musa Pasha (1647) • Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha (1647–1648) • Mevlevi Mehmed Pasha (1648–1649) • Kara Dev Murad Pasha (1649–1650) • Melek Ahmed Pasha (1650–1651) • Siyavush Pasha (1651) • Gürcü Mehmed Pasha (1651–1652) • Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha (1652–1653) • Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha (1653–1654) • Ipşiri Mustafa Pasha (1654–1655) • Kara Dev Murad Pasha (1655) • Ermeni Süleyman Pasha (1655) • Gazi Hüseyin Pasha (1656) • Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha (1656) • Siyavush Pasha (1656) • Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha (1656) • Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (1656–1661) • Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (1661–1676) • Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1676–1683) ) • Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha (1683–1685) • Sarı Süleyman Pasha (1685–1687) • Abaza Siyavuş Pasha (1687–1688) • Ayaşlı İsmail Pasha (1688) • Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha (1688–1689) • Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha (1689–1691) • Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha (1691–1692) • Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha (1692–1693) • Bozoklu (Bıyıklı) Mustafa Pasha (1694) • Sürmeli Ali Pasha (1694–1695) • Elmas Mehmed Pasha (1695–1697) • Köprülü Amcazade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha (1697–1702)
Daltaban Mustafa Pasha (1702–1703) • Rami Mehmed Pasha (1703) • Sührablı Kavanoz Nişancı Ahmed Pasha (1703) • Moralı Damat Hasan Pasha (1703–1704) • Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha (1704) • Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1704–1706) • Çorlulu Ali Pasha (1706–1710) • Köprülü Numan Pasha (1710) • Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1710–1711) • Gürcü Ağa Yusuf Pasha (1711–1712) • Silahdar Süleyman Pasha (1712–1713) • Kel Hoca Ibrahim Pasha (1713) • Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha (1713–1716) • Hacı Halil Pasha (1716–1717) • Tevkii Nişancı Mehmed Pasha (1717–1718) • Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1718–1730) • Silahdar Damat Mehmed Pasha (1730–1731) • Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha (1731) • Topal Osman Pasha (1731–1732) • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1732–1735) • Gürcü Ismail Pasha (1735–1736) • Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (1736–1737) • Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha (1737) • Yeğen Mehmed Pasha (1737–1739) • Hacı İvazzade Mehmed Pasha (1739–1740) • Nişancı Ahmed Pasha (1740–1742) • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1742–1743) • Seyyid Hasan Pasha (1743–1746) • Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha (1746–1747) • Boynueğri Seyyid Abdullah Pasha (1747–1750) • Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha (1750–1752) • Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1752–1755) • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1755) • Naili Abdullah Pasha (1755) • Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha (1755) • Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha (1755–1756) • Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1756–1757) • Koca Ragıp Pasha (1757–1763) • Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha (1763) • Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1763–1765) • Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (1765–1768) • Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha (1768) • Yağlıkçızade Nişancı Hacı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1768–1769) • Moldovancı Ali Pasha (1769) • Ivazzade Halil Pasha (1769–1770) • Silahdar Mehmed Pasha (1770–1771) • Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (1771–1774) • Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1774–1775) • Moralı Derviş Mehmed Pasha (1775–1777) • Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha (1777–1778) • Kalafat Mehmed Pasha (1778–1779) • Silahdar Karavezir Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (1779–1781) • Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1781–1782) • Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha (1782) • Halil Hamid Pasha (1782–1785) • Hazinedar Şahin Ali Pasha (1785–1786) • Koca Yusuf Pasha (1786–1789) • Kethüda Meyyit Hasan Pasha (1789) • Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha (1789–1790) • Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha (1790–1791) • Koca Yusuf Pasha (1791–1792)
Damad Melek Mehmed Pasha (1792–1794) • Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1794–1798) • Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1798–1805) • Hafiz Ismail Pasha (1805–1806) • Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha (1806–1807) • Çelebi Mustafa Pasha (1807–1808) • Alemdar Mustafa Pasha (1808) • Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha (1808–1809) • Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1809–1811) • Laz Aziz Ahmed Pasha (1811–1812) • Hursid Pasha (1812–1815) • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1815–1818) • Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1818–1820) • Seyyid Ali Pasha (1820–1821) • Benderli Ali Pasha (1821) • Hacı Salih Pasha (1821–1822) • Deli Abdullah Pasha (1822–1823) • Silahdar Ali Pasha (1823) • Mehmed Said Galip Pasha (1823–1824) • Mehmed Selim Pasha (1824–1828) • Darendeli Mehmed Pasha (1828–1829) • Reşid Mehmed Pasha (1829–1833) • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1833–1839) • Husrev Pasha (1839–1840) • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1840–1841) • Darendeli Mehmed Pasha (1841–1842) • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1842–1846) • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1846–1848) • Ibrahim Sarim Pasha (1848) • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1848–1852) • Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1852) • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1852) • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1852) • Damad Mehmed Ali Pasha (1852–1853) • Mustafa Naili Pasha (1853–1854) • Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1854) • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1854–1855) • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1855–1856) • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1856–1857) • Mustafa Naili Pasha (1857) • Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1857–1858) • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1858–1859) • Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1859) • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1859–1860) • Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1860–1861) • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1861) • Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1861–1866) • Yusuf Kamil Pasha (1863) • Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1863–1866) • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1866–1867) • Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1866–1871) • Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1871–1872) • Midhat Pasha (1872) • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1872–1873) • Ahmed Esad Pasha (1873) • Şirvanlızade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (1873–1874) • Hüseyin Avni Pasha (1874–1875) • Ahmed Esad Pasha (1875) • Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1875–1876) • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1876–1876) • Midhat Pasha (1876–1877) • Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1877–1878) • Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1878) • Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1878) • Mehmed Sadık Pasha (1878) • Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1878) • Saffet Pasha (1878) • Hayreddin Pasha (1878–1879) • Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1879) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1879–1880) • Kadri Pasha (1880) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1880–1882) • Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha (1882) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1882) • Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1882) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1882–1885) • Kâmil Pasha (1885–1891) • Ahmed Cevat Pasha(1891–1895) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1895) • Kâmil Pasha (1895) • Halil Rifat Pasha (1895–1901) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1901–1903) • Mehmed Ferid Pasha (1903–1908) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1908) • Kâmil Pasha (1908–1909) • • Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1909) • Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1909) • Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1909–1910) • Ibrahim Hakki Pasha (1910–1911) • Mehmed Said Pasha (1911–1912) • Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (1912) • Kâmil Pasha (1912–1913) • Mahmud Shevket Pasha (1913) • Said Halim Pasha (1913–1917) • Mehmed Talat Pasha (1917–1918) • Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1918) • Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1918–1919) • Damad Ferid Pasha (1919) • Ali Riza Pasha (1919–1920) • Salih Hulusi Pasha (1920) • Damad Ferid Pasha (1920) • Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1920–1922)
Seamen of the Ottoman EmpireKapudan Pashas Zagan Pasha · Veli Mahmud Pasha · Gedik Ahmed Pasha · Mesih Pasha · Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha · Süleyman Pasha · Barbaros Hayreddin Pasha · Sokollu Mehmed Pasha · Sinan Pasha · Piyale Pasha · Müezzinzade Ali Pasha · Kılıç Ali Pasha · Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha · Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha · Gazi Hüseyin Pasha · Kara Musa Pasha · Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha · Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha · Baltaci Mehmed Pasha · Koca Bekir Pasha · Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha · Koca Mehmet Husrev PashaOther important seamen Kemal Reis · Piri Reis · Aydın Reis · Turgut Reis · Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis · Salih Reis · Seydi Ali Reis · Murat Reis · Kurtoğlu Hızır ReisCategories:- 1630s births
- 1683 deaths
- Köprülü family
- Pashas
- People of the Great Turkish War
- 17th-century Ottoman grand viziers
- People from Amasya Province
- Executed Ottoman people
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