Constanza, Dominican Republic

Constanza
Aerial view of Constanza
Constanza
Coordinates: 18°54′36″N 70°45′0″W / 18.91°N 70.75°W / 18.91; -70.75Coordinates: 18°54′36″N 70°45′0″W / 18.91°N 70.75°W / 18.91; -70.75
Country	Dominican Republic
Province	La Vega
Area[1]
- Total	848.79 km2 (327.7 sq mi)
Elevation[2]	1,164 m (3,819 ft)
Population (2002)[3]
- Total	42,416
- Density	50/km2 (129.4/sq mi)
- Urban	27,090
- Demonym	Constantian (Spanish: constanceño)
Distance to  – Santo Domingo	140 km
Municipal Districts	2
Website	http://www.constanza.net

Constanza is a town in La Vega Province, Dominican Republic.

History

Sir Robert Schomburgk

The name of Constanza has its origin in the legend the daughter of a local taino cacique whom lived in the valley. In 1852, the British explorer and consul Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk mentions the existence of a farm in the valley of Constanza. The town was formally founded in 1894. On September 9, 1907 the town was incorporated into a municipality in the province of La Vega.

On June 14, 1959 a plane landed in an airstrip with more than forty rebels with the purpose of deposing the dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina. They fought guerrillas in the nearby mountains, and after two months against the Dominican Army managed to end the rebellion.

Geography

Constanza is located at a height of 1220 meters (4000 ft) in the middle of the Cordillera Central (Central Range). Average temperatures during the year range between 41 °F (5 °C) and 68 °F (20 °C). The valley is 8 km long and 4 km wide.

Climate

Frosted coniferous forest in Constanza

Constanza has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb), with moderately warm and humid summers, and dry and mild winters, due to its tropical location and high elevation. The average annual temperature varies from less than 10 ºC in highlands^[4] to 18 ºC in the town.
In summer, temperatures range between 25 ºC to 27 ºC during the day, and between 12 ºC to 15 ºC at night. Wildfires are relatively common.
In winter, the temperatures are between 21 to 24 ºC at day, and 8 to 12 ºC at night. Fog is quite common. The last time that Constanza had freezing temperatures was on 1958; while in Valle Nuevo freezes are ussual.^[5] Snow can fall in the highest peaks of Valle Nuevo, but it is becoming a rare event and accumulation almost no longer occurs.

The highest temperature ever record in the town was 32.5 ºC, on October 3, 1957. ^[6] The coldest temperature was –3.2 ºC, record on March 21, 2011.^[6]

Climate data for Constanza (1971-2000) (COZ—Expedición 14 de Junio Airport; 1.164 m)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	29.0 (84.2)	30.0 (86.0)	31.5 (88.7)	29.8 (85.6)	31.0 (87.8)	30.5 (86.9)	31.5 (88.7)	31.0 (87.8)	32.0 (89.6)	32.5 (90.5)	29.5 (85.1)	28.8 (83.8)	32.5 (90.5)
Average high °C (°F)	23.2 (73.8)	23.8 (74.8)	24.7 (76.5)	25.0 (77.0)	25.4 (77.7)	26.1 (79.0)	26.3 (79.3)	26.5 (79.7)	26.3 (79.3)	25.8 (78.4)	24.5 (76.1)	23.2 (73.8)	25.1
Daily mean °C (°F)	16.3 (61.3)	16.7 (62.1)	17.7 (63.9)	18.3 (64.9)	19.0 (66.2)	19.5 (67.1)	19.7 (67.5)	19.8 (67.6)	19.6 (67.3)	19.2 (66.6)	18.1 (64.6)	16.9 (62.4)	18.4
Average low °C (°F)	9.4 (48.9)	9.7 (49.5)	10.6 (51.1)	11.7 (53.1)	12.7 (54.9)	12.9 (55.2)	13.1 (55.6)	13.1 (55.6)	12.9 (55.2)	12.6 (54.7)	11.7 (53.1)	10.6 (51.1)	11.8
Record low °C (°F)	0.0 (32.0)	−1 (30.2)	−3.2 (26.2)	1.5 (34.7)	4.0 (39.2)	3.0 (37.4)	4.0 (39.2)	5.0 (41.0)	5.0 (41.0)	4.0 (39.2)	3.0 (37.4)	3.6 (38.5)	−3.2 (26.2)
Rainfall mm (inches)	22.0 (0.866)	31.2 (1.228)	36.4 (1.433)	57.8 (2.276)	167.5 (6.594)	96.1 (3.783)	64.3 (2.531)	133.4 (5.252)	128.5 (5.059)	102.0 (4.016)	70.7 (2.783)	41.8 (1.646)	951.7 (37.469)
Avg. rainy days	6			8	14	9	7	10	11	11			—
Source no. 1: National Bureau of Meteorology (ONAMET) (Spanish) January [1] [2] February [3] March [4] April [5] May [6] [7] June [8] [9] July [10] [11] August [12] [13] September [14] [15] October [16] [17] November [18] December [19]
Source no. 2: freemeteo.com [20] — acqweather.com [21] [22]

Climate data for Valle Nuevo, Constanza (Weather station; 2.260 m)

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	22.3 (72.1)	23.7 (74.7)	24.3 (75.7)	26.1 (79.0)	24.7 (76.5)	26.1 (79.0)	27.3 (81.1)	29.1 (84.4)	29.3 (84.7)	27.1 (80.8)	24.1 (75.4)	24.1 (75.4)	29.3 (84.7)
Average high °C (°F)	17.3 (63.1)	17.9 (64.2)	18.2 (64.8)	19.1 (66.4)	18.4 (65.1)	19.1 (66.4)	20.3 (68.5)	20.6 (69.1)	20.7 (69.3)	19.6 (67.3)	18.1 (64.6)	18.1 (64.6)	19.0
Daily mean °C (°F)	9.9 (49.8)	10.3 (50.5)	11.0 (51.8)	11.7 (53.1)	11.9 (53.4)	12.8 (55.0)	13.9 (57.0)	14.0 (57.2)	14.0 (57.2)	13.3 (55.9)	11.7 (53.1)	10.8 (51.4)	12.1
Average low °C (°F)	2.5 (36.5)	2.8 (37.0)	3.8 (38.8)	4.4 (39.9)	6.2 (43.2)	6.7 (44.1)	7.5 (45.5)	7.8 (46.0)	7.2 (45.0)	7.0 (44.6)	5.3 (41.5)	3.6 (38.5)	5.4
Record low °C (°F)	−9 (15.8)	−6.5 (20.3)	−4.5 (23.9)	−3.3 (26.1)	0.3 (32.5)	1.3 (34.3)	2.1 (35.8)	3.5 (38.3)	2.1 (35.8)	1.9 (35.4)	−1.5 (29.3)	−4.9 (23.2)	−9 (15.8)
Source: [7]

Economy

The local economy is based upon agriculture. It is known for its strawberries, peaches, apples, garlic and potatoes. Constanza is also known for its wide variety of flowers, especially its roses.

Tourism

Constanza is known for its remarkable mountain climate despite being located in a tropical island. Local tourism is very often during winter time. Throughout the rest of the year it is visited because of its closeness to the cientific reserve of Ebano Verde and also to have the nearest route to the Pico Duarte, the highest point in the Caribbean.

Ecology

The nearby scientific reserve of Ebano Verde is the stronghold of the widest variety of flora and fauna of Hispaniola. The mountains surrounding the valley of Constanza are covered in Hispaniolan Pine (Pinus occidentalis) forests. Typical fauna seen in the area includes the Hispaniolan Palm Crow, Antillean Siskin, Rufous-throated Solitaire, Hispaniolan Crossbill (abundance directly related to pine cone crop), and Hispaniolan Trogon, while at lower elevations the Hispaniolan Parrot, Scaly-naped Pigeon and Golden Swallow can be seen.

Transportation

The town can be reached either by local airlines through the Constanza Airport or through local bus companies.

Demographics

Constanza is home to an unusual combination of ethnic groups, having been an area settled by numerous Spanish and Japanese immigrant workers encouraged to come to the Dominican Republic during the infamous dictadorship of Trujillo. Now some two or three generations on their presence is still substantial in the area and provides the town. They were attracted by the cooler climate that goes on all year round.

External links

• Official Website of the City
• Digital Newspaper of the City

References

1. ^ Superficies a nivel de municipios, Oficina Nacional de Estadistica (Spanish)
2. ^ De la Fuente, Santiago (1976). Geografía Dominicana. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editora Colegial Quisqueyana. (Spanish)
3. ^ Censo 2002 de Población y Vivienda, Oficina Nacional de Estadistica (Spanish)
4. ^ National Bureau of Meteorology (ONAMET). "Pronóstico Turístico Mensual" (in Spanish). Santo Domingo. http://www.onamet.gov.do/descargas/2011/PRONOSTICO%20TURISTICO/MENSUAL/BOLETIN%20TURISTICO%20ENERO%20%202011.pdf. Retrieved December 2010. 
5. ^ National Bureau of Meteorology (Oficina Nacional de Meteorología, ONAMET). "Red de Estaciones Automáticas" (in Spanish). Valle Nuevo. http://www.onamet.gov.do/estaciones/. Retrieved June 5, 2011. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Antonio Cocco Quezada. "Efemérides Meteorológicas Dominicanas [Dominican weather Ephemeris]" (in Spanish). ACQ & Asociados. Febrero 06 - 1958. http://www.acqweather.com/efemerides.htm. Retrieved March 26, 2011. 
7. ^ "Contribución al conocimiento del clima de la Isla de Santo Domingo". http://books.google.com/books?id=WtcOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA79&dq=Valle+Nuevo+Constanza+temperatura&hl=es&ei=CkyjTbC_KqqO0QGrp8GVBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Valle+Nuevo+Constanza+temperatura&f=false. Retrieved 11 de abril de 2011.