Douglas Y1B-7

Y1B-7
Y1B-7 of the 31st Bombardment Squadron
Role	Light bomber
Manufacturer	Douglas Aircraft Company
Retired	January 1939
Primary user	United States Army Air Corps
Produced	1932
Number built	8
Developed from	Douglas O-35

The Douglas Y1B-7 was a 1930s United States bomber aircraft. It was the first US monoplane given the B- 'bomber' designation. The monoplane was more practical and less expensive than the biplane, and the United States Army Air Corps chose to experiment with monoplanes for this reason. At the time the XB-7 was ordered, it was being tested by Douglas Aircraft as an observational plane.

Design and development

The original XB-7 was an experimental version of a set of monoplanes made by Douglas, which were designated XO-35 and XO-36. The plane was built as a competitor to Fokker YO-27, which eventually led to the Fokker XB-8. The Douglas plane had a single set of wings, which were mounted relatively high (hence their nickname 'gull wings'). The wings were covered by corrugated duralumin.

On 26 March 1930, two designs were ordered by the Army Air Corps. Due to minor differences between the two aircraft, one was designated XO-35 and the other XO-36. Because these two aircraft had much better performance than most of their predecessors, they were a promising alternative to the slow, bulky Keystone Aircraft Corporation biplanes that made up the entire Army Air Corps bomber fleet at that time.

Impressed by the pair of aircraft submitted by Douglas, the Army Air Corps chose to complete the XO-36 as a bomber. It was redesignated XB-7, and was equipped with bomb racks capable of carrying up to 1,200 lb (544 kg) of bombs. In August 1931, the Army Air Corps ordered seven Y1B-7 bombers for service testing (along with five Y1O-35s, which became the O-35 in operation service with the 9th Observation Group). The XB-7 was delivered to Wright Field in July 1932, where testing commenced. A few months later, the first Y1B-7s were delivered. The Y1B-7s were differentiated by having more powerful Curtiss Conqueror engines with streamlined nacelles, and by having three-bladed rather than two-bladed propellers.

The prototype XB-7 was a Light bomber, carrying only 1,200 lb (544 kg) of bombs. The skin of the fuselage was corrugated for ease of production. The gull wing was braced externally to increase strength. While this brace also increased drag, the XB-7 was still faster than any of its biplane predecessors. The crew complement consisted four: a pilot, copilot, and two gunners (one in the nose and one at the tail).

Operational history

Despite positive evaluation, the Y1B-7 never entered mass production because of its small bomb load and because newer, more capable aircraft, such as the Martin B-10, were under development. Nevertheless, six of the B-7 prototypes, the XO-35 prototype, and the five O-35s all participated in the Airmail Emergency of 1934. All of the O-35s survived and remained in service during the latter 1930s, but four of the B-7s were lost or scrapped in crashes delivering the mail. The surviving two were retired in late 1938 and January 1939.

Operators

 United States

• United States Army Air Corps

Specifications (Y1B-7)

Data from McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920^[1]

General characteristics

• Crew: 4
• Length: 45 ft 11 in (14.00 m)
• Wingspan: 65 ft 0 in (19.81 m)
• Height: 11 ft 7 in (3.53 m)
• Wing area: 621.2 ft² (57.71 m²)
• Empty weight: 5,519 lb (2,509 kg)
• Loaded weight: 9,953 lb (4,524 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 11,177 lb (5,080 kg)
• Powerplant: 2 × Curtiss V-1570-53 "Conqueror" liquid-cooled V12 engines, 675 hp (504 kW) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 182 mph (158 knots, 293 km/h) at sea level
• Cruise speed: 158 mph (137 knots, 254 km/h)
• Range: 411 mi (357 nmi, 662 km)
• Ferry range: 632 mi (550 nmi, 1,018 km)
• Service ceiling: 20,400 ft (6,200 m)
• Climb to 10,000 ft (3,050 m): 8.7 minutes

Armament

• Guns: 2 × .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns
• Bombs: 1,200 lb (544 kg) bombs carried beneath fuselage

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• Fokker XB-8
  

Related lists

• List of bomber aircraft
• List of military aircraft of the United States
  

References

Notes

1. ^ Francillon 1979, pp. 139–140.

Bibliography

• Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-370-00050-1.
• Pelletier, Alain J. "Bombers as Postmen: Boeing Y1O-35 and Y1B-7". Air Enthusiast, Volume 122, March / April 2006, pp. 30–40. ISSN 0143-5450.
• Wagner, Ray. American Combat Planes. New York: Doubleday, 1982. ISBN 0-930083-17-2.

External links

• Douglas B-7
• Douglas B-7 USAAC
• Fact Sheet: Douglas Y1B-7