Mercedes-AMG

Mercedes-AMG
Mercedes-AMG GmbH
Aufrecht Melcher Großaspach (AMG)
Type Subsidiary of Daimler AG
Industry Automotive industry
Founded Burgstall a. d. Murr, Germany 1967
Founder(s) Hans Werner Aufrecht
Erhard Melcher
Headquarters Affalterbach, Germany
Area served Worldwide
Products High performance engines and cars,
Automotive sports accessories
Services Research and development
Owner(s) Daimler AG
Employees ≈700
Parent Mercedes-Benz
Website Mercedes-AMG.com

Mercedes-AMG GmbH, commonly known as AMG, is a subsidiary of the Mercedes-Benz car company specializing in high-performance luxury cars.

AMG models typically have more aggressive looks, higher performances, better handling and better stability, and more extensive use of carbon fiber than their regular Mercedes counterparts. AMG models are typically the most expensive and highest-performance of each Mercedes series, with the exception of non-AMG V12 models found in the most expensive nameplates of the Mercedes lineup.[1]

Contents

History

AMG logo on a Mercedes C63 AMG (W204)

AMG was founded as a racing engine forge in 1967 under the name AMG Motorenbau und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (AMG Engine Production and Development, Ltd.), by former Mercedes engineers Hans Werner Aufrecht and Erhard Melcher in Burgstall an der Murr, near Stuttgart. The letters "AMG" stand for Aufrecht, Melcher and Großaspach, Aufrecht's birthplace (but at no time an AMG location). In 1976 most of AMG moved to Affalterbach, with the racing engine development remaining at the old location in Burgstall. At this time Erhard Melcher ceased to be a partner, but continued to be an employee at the Burgstall location.

In 1990, with AMG having become a high-profile purveyor of modified Mercedes cars, Daimler-Benz AG and AMG signed a contract of cooperation, allowing AMG to leverage Daimler-Benz's extensive dealer network and leading to commonly developed vehicles (the first one being the Mercedes-Benz C36 AMG, in 1993). On 1 January 1999 DaimlerChrysler, as it was called between 1998 and 2007, acquired 51 percent of AMG shares, and AMG was renamed to Mercedes-AMG GmbH.[2] Racing engine development was divested and continues to exist in Burgstall under the name HWA (Aufrecht's initials). On 1 January 2005 Aufrecht sold his remaining shares to DaimlerChrysler, and since then it has been a wholly owned subsidiary.

Development of the product range

AMG Five Spoke Road Wheel 8JX16 Version 1

AMG started off by designing and testing racing engines. It expanded its business into building custom road cars based upon standard Mercedes cars.

AMG initially produced a range of unofficial upgrade and accessories packages mainly for the Mercedes-Benz R107 and C107,[3] Mercedes-Benz W116, Mercedes-Benz W123, Mercedes-Benz W124, Mercedes-Benz W126 Mercedes-Benz R129 and Mercedes-Benz W201 models.

During the early 1980s and up until 1985, AMG offered a variety of engine performance packages, alloy wheels and styling products.

Typical AMG performance enhancements, which could all be custom ordered by the buyer, included increased engine displacements (5.2 liter, 5.4 liter), performance top ends which included port and polished heads/intake, lightened valvetrain and more aggressive cams. The DOHC 32V engine had also just been developed and was the pinnacle of AMG performance. Even a very rare Getrag 5-speed manual transmission could be ordered from AMG, and Mercedes had not offered a manual transmission V8 since the early 1970s.

The performance wheels offered during the same period were 15" or 16" ATS AMG Five Spoke Road Wheels, commonly referred to as Pentas. Penta was actually a UK based company that supplemented the high demand for the AMG wheel at the time with a replica and only a very slight styling difference, but they were not made or endorsed by AMG. The genuine AMG wheels were often coupled with an AMG performance suspension package which included uprated/lowered springs and revalved shock absorbers.

Another popular cosmetic upgrade were the AMG body kits. These ranged from subtle front spoilers, to an aggressive Wide Body kits for the W126 coupes. Other options included Recaro seats, smaller diameter steering wheels, instrument clusters, chrome delete option (all brightworks color coded or painted satin black), refrigerators, shift knobs, hi-fi stereo systems, custom upholstery and enhanced interior wood packages.

The release of the AMG Hammer sedan in 1986, based on the W124 E-Class, took AMG's performance modifications for a fast compact sedan to a new level. AMG made the world's fastest passenger sedan at the time, nicknamed the Hammer,[4] by squeezing Mercedes 5.6-liter V8 tuned by AMG to 360 hp into a midsized sedan. It was very aggressive for the era, with 32-valve cylinder heads and twin camshafts, and said to be faster than the Lamborghini Countach from 60 to 120 mph.[5] Later models were even more powerful and introduced the 17" AMG Aero 1 Hammer wheels. 1986 was also the year Mercedes introduced the 560 M117 engine. This provided yet another opportunity for customers to order the largest AMG displacement available at the time, the 6L 100 mm bore SOHC or DOHC engines available for both the W126 coupe and sedans.

Through the early 2000s, AMG focused principally on supercharged V8 and V6 engines, but the company officially abandoned this technology in 2006 with the introduction of the naturally aspirated 6.2L M156 V8. On 16 January 2006, Mercedes-AMG Chairman Volker Mornhinweg told AutoWeek that the company would use turbocharging for higher output rather than supercharging. For 2011, AMG released the M157 5.5L biturbo V8 which has supplanted the M156 in its full-sized cars such as the S-Class and CL-Class (and is trickling down to the CLS, E-Class, and SLK in various forms).[6]

Mercedes AMG DTM car (2003)

Although there were some AMG models in the 1980s with manual transmissions, almost all recent models have used automatics (5G-Tronic and later 7G-Tronic with Speedshift), in contrast to BMW M which used manuals and recently semi-automatic transmissions (the current type being a dual clutch transmission). Starting in 2009, however, AMG began adopting the 7-speed AMG SpeedShift MCT dual clutch transmission.

Although these are considered the most well known in-house tuning divisions, Mercedes-AMG has a considerably different philosophy than BMW M. Mercedes-AMG has created high-performance versions of many of its nameplates, including flagship sedans and SUVs, while BMW M has emphasized tuning only vehicles with "Lateral agility" (which has long been only been 3 Series, 5 Series, and roadsters).[7] Compared to BMW M, Mercedes-AMG is "less narrow in its sporting focus, yet still combining sledgehammer performance with relaxed handling, cultured comfort, and practicality".[8]

While founders Hans Werner Aufrecht and Erhard Melcher had emphasized proper racing cars, Mercedes-AMG had diverged considerably from this philosophy in recent years, with their offerings being well known for straight-line acceleration but poor handling dynamics. However, current Mercedes-AMG chairman Volker Mornhinweg has urged the division to return to its roots of building sports cars.[9]

Motor racing

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, AMG entered the big Mercedes-Benz 300SEL 6.3 V8 saloon, affectionately named the "Red Sow", in the 1971 Spa 24 Hours, and the European Touring Car Championship. AMG and Mercedes worked together on Mercedes-Benz W201 cars for the 1988 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM, German Touring Car Championship). AMG was made the official partner.

When DaimlerChrysler acquired a majority share of AMG in 1999, the motor racing department was divested into HWA AG. Their first car was the ill-fated Mercedes-Benz CLR. Since 2000, HWA builds and runs the cars for Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM), as well as the M271 engine tuned for use in Formula 3.

AMG engine display at the Pagani factory

Six successive lightly modified Mercedes-Benz AMG models (including, most recently, an SL 63 AMG) have acted as the safety cars for the FIA Formula One World Championship.

In 2011, 6 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3s will be competing in the FIA GT3 European Championship, as well as various other endurance racing events like the 24 Hours of Nurburgring.

Relationship with Pagani

AMG also provides engines for the Pagani Zonda supercar. The engines used are variants of the M120 7,291cc displacement V12 engine originally used in the SL73 AMG. The M120 is the largest displacement naturally aspirated engine provided by AMG and is now exclusively used by Pagani.

Current AMG models

AMG carbon fiber engine cover

All AMG engines are hand built, using a "one man, one engine" philosophy at the current AMG plant in Affalterbach, Germany. To signify this, each AMG engine builder stamps the engines they produce with an engraved plaque depicting their signature.

As part of the official Mercedes product line, the AMG models are sold side-by-side with regular production models, unlike those offered by other Mercedes tuning firms such as Brabus.

E63 AMG carbon ceramic brake Geneva auto show 2011

"55" M152 5.5L V8

The M152 is a naturally aspirated, detuned version of the M157 Biturbo V8. This V8 will be used for the new 2013 SLK55 AMG and it makes 422hp (310kW).[10]

  • Mercedes-Benz M152 engine  L 5.5 V8 models

"63" M156 6.2L V8

Mercedes E63 AMG (2010) at the Washington Auto Show.
Mercedes SL63 AMG (2008) at the San Francisco International Auto Show.

AMG developed its own V8 engine (dubbed M156 in development) for the DTM series. This naturally aspirated V8 will also be used to replace most of the "55" models. The published output according to Mercedes varies from 457 PS (336 kW; 451 hp) on the C63AMG, to 525 PS (386 kW; 518 hp) on the C/CLK/R/ML/GL/S/SL/CL/E 63 AMG.

The S63/CL63/SL63 at 518 horsepower edges out that of the S600/CL600/SL600, the latter powered by the 510 horsepower 5.5-liter twin-turbo V12, while also having a higher redline. However, the S600/CL600/SL600 are more expensive and have more torque at 612 pound-feet (830 N·m).[12] The S63/CL63/SL63 however do have quicker acceleration times than their S600/CL600/SL600 counterparts and are the second-fastest in the lineup, after the S65/CL65/SL65 AMG.[13][14]

All of the M156-engined models used the 7G-Tronic automatic transmission, however the more recent 2009 SL 63 and 2010 E63 use the 7-speed MCT dual-clutch transmission.

In 2009, AMG developed M159 engine which based in M156, used in SLS AMG.

Although to be superseded by the M157 5.5L V8 BiTurbo (see below) for full-sized models such as the S-Class, the M156 will remain in production as its more precise throttle response is still well suited to smaller sportier models such as the C-Class.[15]

"63" M157 5.5L V8 BiTurbo

Rumored in 2009 and confirmed in 2010, AMG developed the M157, a 5.5-litre V8 with direct fuel injection and twin turbochargers. Power is rated at 400 kW (544 PS / 536 bhp) at 5,500rpm with a peak torque of 800Nm (590 lb-ft) made between 2,000rpm and 4,500rpm. An even more powerful version with the AMG Performance Package will produce 420 kW (571 PS / 563 bhp) and 900Nm (664 lb-ft) of torque. Both engines will be mated to Mercedes-Benz's 7-speed MCT transmission.[16][17][18] The 2011 CL 63 AMG accelerates from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.4 seconds, and has a top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) (electronically limited), while cars with the AMG Performance package can make the 100 km/h (62 mph) mark in 4.3 seconds and reaches a top speed of 300 km/h (186 mph) (also electronically limited).[19]

Unlike the M156 naturally aspirated 6.2L V8 which was developed entirely within AMG, the M157 is based upon the M278 that will be found in the regular Mercedes-Benz S-Class and CL-Class.[20] The M157 boasts 25% better fuel economy (10.5 litres per 100 kilometres versus 14.4 L/100 km in the European driving cycle) over the M156, meaning it will avoid the US Gas Guzzler Tax for the first time ever, despite having up to 47 horsepower more. The M157's increased torque from both the regular version and performance package means the engine can be shifted into a taller gear sooner, keeping engine revs and fuel consumption to a minimum. The new M157 will have an engine start/stop mode and is lightweight at 204 kg. [16][17][18] The M157 is said to be ideal for powering full-size sedans such as the S-Class, but the older M156 will continue to be produced as its more precise throttle response is still well suited to smaller sportier models such as the C-Class.[15]

5.5L V8 BiTurbo models will carry the "63" model designation, shared with the 6.2L V8 models.[21] Visually, the 2011 S63 AMG is differentiated from the 2010 model (itself facelifted over the 2009 S63) by the more angular design of the chromed dual exhaust tips, which also sport embossed AMG logos, as well as new forged wheels.[22] For the CL63 AMG, the new M157 engine coincides with the facelift of the CL-Class for the 2011 model year.

"65" M275 6.0L V12 BiTurbo

Mercedes-Benz SL65 AMG (2008)

These are powered by a variant of the Mercedes-Benz M275 engine. The AMG powerplant has an all-new design of the bi-turbo system, which features larger turbochargers and a new, more powerful charge-air cooling system, and the increase in the engine displacement (to 5980 cc) as well as many other engine design measures.[25]

These are the only AMG vehicles using a 5-speed automatic transmission, which has a torque capacity of 796 lb·ft (1,079 N·m), as the newer 7G-Tronic is limited to 542 lb·ft (735 N·m), not enough to handle the torque from the V12 engines.[26]

Coinciding with the facelift of the CL-Class for the 2011 model year, the 2011 CL65 AMG will have an enhanced engine, with AMG redesigning the exhaust gas turbochargers and adding new engine electronics. It will now make 621 horsepower, and go from zero to 60 miles per hour in 4.2 seconds (just 0.2 seconds faster than the 2011 CL63), with an electronically limited top speed of 186 miles an hour. The update will also improve fuel economy and reduce carbon emissions by 3.5% over the outgoing model.[27][28] The 2011 S65 AMG will also receive an upgraded engine making 463 kW (630 hp) and 737 lb·ft (999 N·m) of torque.[29][30]

Black Series

The AMG Performance Studio located in Affalterbach is responsible for the upgrades which make an AMG into an AMG Black Series model. The Black Series treatment is only available on 2 door vehicles, which includes weight reduction, bucket seats and exterior alterations.

  • SLK 55 AMG Black Series
  • CLK 63 AMG Black Series
  • SL 65 AMG Black Series
  • C 63 AMG Black Series

Previous AMG models

In addition to the models listed below, there were also predecessors to the current AMG models.

There are also other AMG models no longer in production:

"30" 3.0 L I5 diesel

"32" 3.2 L V6 Kompressor

Powertrain consists of AMG SPEEDSHIFT 5-speed automatic transmission mated to an AMG 3.2 liter V6 Kompressor engine with an output of 260 kW/349 hp and 332 lb·ft (450 N·m) @ 4,400 rpm. The engine is a special version of the 3.2 L (3199 cc) M112 E32, fitted with a helical twin-screw supercharger and water-to-air intercooler. The supercharger was developed in conjunction with IHI and features Teflon-coated rotors producing overall boost of 14.5 psi (1 bar). Compared to the standard M112 engine, the AMG version also has a new crankshaft, new con rods and pistons, an oil pump with a 70-percent increased capacity, lightweight camshafts, and harder valve springs for a redline of 6200 rpm, an increase of 200 rpm.[31]

While rival BMW M developed the SMG II semi-automatic for the BMW M3, The C32 and SLK32 have a 5-speed automatic transmission’s “Speedshift” system which now has quicker response (up to 35 percent) to accelerator and shift selector movements.[32]

Interestingly, the C32 had a smaller engine than its predecessors, the C36 AMG with the M104 3.6L I6 engine, and the C43 AMG powered by the M113 4.3L V8 engine. Nonetheless, the C32 AMG was capable of runs to 60 in 4.5 seconds, when reviewed by AutoCar on June 27, 2001, beating the BMW M3 and the Porsche 911.[33][34]

"55" 5.4 L V8

Nicknamed the "Hammer", after the original 1986 AMG Hammer (a W124 E-Class sedan with an AMG-tuned 360 hp 5.6-liter V8), the 2000 E55 AMG could hit 0-60 mph in 4.9s and took 13.3s to run 1/4 mile.[35]

The main engine is a 5.4 L V8 engine, designated the M113, that carries the "55" designation. This engine comes in two configurations.

  • The first configuration is a naturally aspirated V8 with 360 PS (260 kW; 360 hp) that is used in the C55 AMG, CLK55 AMG, SLK55 AMG, and ML55 AMG. The C43 AMG (model years 1998-2000) was powered by a naturally aspirated V8 engine from the same M113 family, but at a reduced displacement of 4.3L, hence the '43' designation.
  • The other configuration is a similar unit but with a highly efficient Lysholm type supercharger manufactured by IHI, is found in the rest of the AMG 55 models which are typically midsized or larger vehicles. The published output according to Mercedes varies from 476 PS (350 kW; 469 hp) to 517 PS (380 kW; 510 hp) and 700 N·m (520 lb·ft) to 720 N·m (530 lb·ft), depending on various methods of power measurements and different ECU programming for national legislations. For instance, the E55 AMG's engine was at the low end, while the SL55 AMG's engine had the top output.[36][37]

The supercharged 5.4 L V8 engine was mated to the Speedshift 5-speed automatic transmission, which has a torque capacity of 796 lb·ft (1,079 N·m), as the newer 7G-Tronic introduced in 2003 is limited to 542 lb·ft (735 N·m), not enough to handle the torque from the supercharged V8.[26][38]

The V8 S55 AMG had comparable output to the V12-powered S600 throughout their production. The S55 AMG (2001–02) was outfitted with a 5.4L 354 hp (264 kW) V8 motor while the later versions (2003–06) sported the same motor, but supercharged to a rated 493 hp (368 kW). The S600 (2001–02) was outfitted with a 5.8L 362 hp (270 kW) V12 engine while the later versions (2003–06) sported a twin-turbocharged (or Bi-Turbo) 493 hp (368 kW) 5.5L V12. The justification for having two models with the same power is that the S55 AMG is sportier and more responsive, while the costlier S600 is more luxurious with a smoother ride.

AMG phased out both the naturally aspirated and supercharged 5.4 L engines in favor of the new M156 V8 beginning in 2006, which was paired with 7G-Tronic. However, some enthusiasts were disappointed because the M156 produces less torque than the supercharged M155.[39]

For the Model Year 2009:

Previous 55 AMG models

"63" M137 6.3L V12

The "63" badging was used on the short-lived 2001 S63 AMG and 2001 CL63 AMG. These were produced in limited quantities for one month and only offered through AMG to select customers in Europe and Asia, purportedly state leaders. The CL63 AMG was the rarest W215 CL of all, and just 26 examples were built in November 2001 (51 plate), with some UK being registered in March 2002. These had a base price of £110,000 (~US$200,000).[40][41][42]

These are powered by a naturally aspirated 6.3L V12 producing 444 PS (438 hp/327 kW). This engine is based on the M137 5.8L V12 used in the S600 and CL600, but the AMG variants have a larger displacement, a new management system, a new crank case and cooling system, weight-optimized pistons, and a new camshaft with greater valve lift and modified valves. 390 lb·ft (530 N·m) of torque are available between 2500-5800rpm with a peak of 457 at 4400 rpm while horsepower grows by almost 80 over the 5.8L V12. It is mated to a 5-speed automatic transmission. The 2001 S63 AMG V12 had 100 hp more than the 2001 S55 AMG, and was a few tenths faster.[40][41]

"60", "73", "70", "55"

The Mercedes-Benz SL-Class (R129) had several AMG variants during its production run from 1989 to 2001.

The SL 60 AMG was the most numerous of these rare cars. Sold from 1993 to 1998, it used a 6.0 litre V8 engine producing 381 PS (280 kW; 376 hp) at 5500 rpm.[43] AMG claimed a 0-62 mph (100 km/h) speed of 5.6 seconds. Its top speed was limited to 250 km/h (155 mph), but with the limiter removed, it was capable of approximately 185 mph (298 km/h). AMG later unofficially conceded that 0-60 mph was more like 5.0 seconds and the engine produced between 405-410 bhp.

Extremely rare was the SL 73 AMG, sold through Mercedes-AMG in 1995, and offering the most powerful V12 engine ever put into an SL up to that time. After a brief hiatus, the SL73 was offered again from 1998 to 2001. The same 7.3 L V12 was later used by Pagani in the Zonda.

Even rarer is the SL 70 AMG.

The SL 55 AMG was sold in the R129 bodystyle from 1998 to 2001 in limited numbers (5.4L V8, 354 PS (260 kW; 349 hp) at 5500 rpm). It was the predecessor of the production R230 SL55 AMG sold later, albeit was normally aspirated in the R129 and not supercharged as in its R230 successor.

Aftermarket Mercedes-Benz performance specialists

See also

References

  1. ^ Posted by **TIME AGO**. "2008 Mercedes-Benz CL63 AMG and S63 AMG - First Drive Review - Auto Reviews". Car and Driver. http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/car/06q4/2008_mercedes-benz_cl63_amg_and_s63_amg-first_drive_review. Retrieved 2009-12-16. 
  2. ^ Newhardt, David. "Behind the Scenes: Mercedez-Benz AMG". MotorTrend.com. http://www.motortrend.com/features/scenes/112_0009_dreamfac/. Retrieved 2008-03-22. 
  3. ^ Hall, Jim. "Rhapsody in Red: 500SL AMG" Motor Trend Magazine, October, 1983.
  4. ^ "AMG's Hammer" Auto Week, June 23, 1986.
  5. ^ Setright, LJK. "Firebrand: AMG Hammer Sedan" Car Magazine, December, 1986. Pp.149-155
  6. ^ AMG's new chief has big plans for 2006 - AutoWeek Magazine
  7. ^ [1]
  8. ^ [2]
  9. ^ [3]
  10. ^ "Mercedes-Benz details new variable-displacement V8 for SLK55 AMG". Autoblog. 2011-7-21. http://www.autoblog.com/2011/07/21/mercedes-benz-details-new-variable-displacement-v8-for-slk55-amg. Retrieved 2011-07-24. 
  11. ^ "2010 Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG / S65 AMG Revealed - Car News". Car and Driver. http://www.caranddriver.com/news/car/09q2/2010_mercedes-benz_s63_amg_s65_amg_revealed-car_news. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  12. ^ "2008 Mercedes-Benz CL63 AMG and S63 AMG - First Drive Review - Auto Reviews". Car and Driver. http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/car/06q4/2008_mercedes-benz_cl63_amg_and_s63_amg-first_drive_review. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  13. ^ [4]
  14. ^ [5]
  15. ^ a b "2011 Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG". Canada.com. 2010-07-05. http://www.canada.com/2011+Mercedes+Benz/3237343/story.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  16. ^ a b "Engines: 5.5L-V8". Mercedes-AMG. 2009-10-14. http://www.mercedes-amg.com/v855l.html#/157v8. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  17. ^ a b "Mercedes AMG New Twin-Turbo 5.5 Litre V8 Engine Revealed". Worldcarfans.com. http://www.worldcarfans.com/110030124814/mercedes-amg-new-twin-turbo-55-litre-v8-engine-revealed. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  18. ^ a b "AMG Replacing 6.3 V8 with 5.5L Twin Turbo V8". Carthrottle.com. 2010-03-01. http://www.carthrottle.com/amg-replacing-6-3-v8-with-5-5l-twin-turbo-v8/. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  19. ^ a b "Official: 2011 Mercedes-Benz CL 65 AMG & CL 63 AMG". Gtspirit.Com. 2010-07-24. http://www.gtspirit.com/2010/07/24/official-2011-mercedes-benz-cl-65-amg-cl-63-amg/. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  20. ^ "2011 Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG - 2010 Geneva Auto Show Coverage, New Car Reviews, Concept Cars - Automobile Magazine". Automobilemag.com. http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/geneva/2010/1003_2011_mercedes_benz_s63_amg/index.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  21. ^ [6]
  22. ^ "First Drive: 2011 Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG". Nationalpost.com. http://www.nationalpost.com/life/travel/upside+engine+downsizing/3311841/story.html#ixzz0udIMe7t9. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  23. ^ [7]
  24. ^ [8]
  25. ^ Posted by PeterH (2009-12-04). "Mercedes-Benz CL 65 AMG and S 65 AMG | Mercedes". 500sec.com. http://500sec.com/mercedes-benz-cl-65-amg-and-s-65-amg/. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  26. ^ a b "Mercedes-Benz AMG 6.3-liter V8". Insideline.com. 2005-07-19. http://www.insideline.com/mercedes-benz/mercedes-benz-amg-63-liter-v8.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  27. ^ "Mercedes' new CL65 AMG will now pack 621 horses - Drive On: A conversation about the cars and trucks we drive - USATODAY.com". Content.usatoday.com. 2010-07-24. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2010/07/mercedes-new-cl65-amg-will-now-pack-621-horses/1. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  28. ^ "2011 Mercedes CL63 & CL65 AMG revealed". Worldcarfans.com. http://www.worldcarfans.com/110072627556/2011-mercedes-cl63--cl65-amg-revealed. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  29. ^ [9]
  30. ^ [10]
  31. ^ [11]
  32. ^ [12]
  33. ^ [13]
  34. ^ [14]
  35. ^ "2000 Mercedes Benz E55 AMG". Derekspratt.com. 2010-06-23. http://www.derekspratt.com/HTML/Automotive/2000_Mercedes_E55.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  36. ^ [15]
  37. ^ [16]
  38. ^ "http://www.roadandtrack.com/article.asp?section_id=9&article_id" (PDF). http://www.derekspratt.com/PDFs/Automotive/2004%20Mercedes%20E55/Road%20&%20Track%20-%20Mercedes%20E55%20-%20December%202002.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  39. ^ "Mercedes-Bland E63". Asiaone.com. 2010-02-19. http://www.asiaone.com/Motoring/Test+Drive/Story/A1Story20100218-199467.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  40. ^ a b "Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG (W220) - World's Fastest Sedans". Fantasycars.com. 2006-12-14. http://www.fantasycars.com/sedans/HTML/mercedes_s63_amg_w220.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  41. ^ a b "MERCEDES BENZ S 63 AMG (W220) 2001 - 2001". autoevolution. http://www.autoevolution.com/cars/mercedes-benz-s-63-amg-w220-2001.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. 
  42. ^ [17][dead link]
  43. ^ Automobil Revue, catalogue edition 1995, p. 380.

External links


v · d · eDaimler AG
Cars
Maybach · Mercedes-Benz · Mercedes-AMG · Smart
Trucks
Buses
Vans
Motorsport
Shareholdings

Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (50.1%) · EADS (22.41%) · Kamaz (10%) · Master Motors (80%) · Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus (85%) · Tata Motors (7%) · Tesla Motors (10%) · Tognum AG (50%)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Mercedes-AMG — GmbH Rechtsform GmbH Gründung 1967 Sitz Affal …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Mercedes-AMG — AMG es un preparador de automóviles que en sus inicios modificaba modelos de Mercedes Benz para competición, para finalmente, patrocinada mayoritariamente por la misma casa madre, encargarse de las versiones deportivas y personalizadas de la… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Mercedes-amg — Pour les articles homonymes, voir AMG. C 63 AMG …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Mercedes-AMG — Pour les articles homonymes, voir AMG. C 63 AMG …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Mercedes-AMG GmbH — Mercedes AMG Тип Подразделение концерна Daimler AG …   Википедия

  • Mercedes-AMG — …   Википедия

  • Mercedes AMG — …   Википедия

  • Mercedes-Benz C-Class — Manufacturer Mercedes Benz Production 1993–present Assembl …   Wikipedia

  • Mercedes-Benz W211 — Mercedes Benz Limousine als Avantgarde (2002–2006) W211 Hersteller: DaimlerChrysler Daimler AG Verkaufsbezeichnun …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Mercedes-Benz W 211 — Mercedes Benz Limousine als Avantgarde (2002–2006) W211 Hersteller: DaimlerChrysler Daimler AG Verkaufsbezeichnun …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”