Madhya Bharat

Madhya Bharat (Hindi: मध्य भारत), also known as Malwa Union ^[1] was an Indian state in west-central India, created on 28 May 1948^[2] from twenty-five princely states which until 1947 had been part of the Central India Agency, with Jivaji Rao Scindia as its Rajpramukh. With the passing of the Indian Independence Act 1947, the princely states of India had all been released from British suzerainty and had become fully independent. While most of the states' rulers quickly acceded to India or to Pakistan, those of Madhya Bharat delayed.

The union had an area of 46,478 square miles (120,380 km²).^[3] Gwalior was the winter capital and Indore was the summer capital. It was bordered by the states of Bombay (presently Gujarat and Maharashtra) to the southwest, Rajasthan to the northeast, Uttar Pradesh to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Vindhya Pradesh to the east, and Bhopal State and Madhya Pradesh to the southeast. The state was mostly Hindu and Hindi-speaking.

On November 1, 1956, Madhya Bharat, together with the states of Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal State, was merged into Madhya Pradesh.

Districts

Madhya Bharat comprised sixteen districts^[3] and these districts were initially divided into three Commissioners' Divisions, which were later reduced to two. The districts were:

1. Bhind District
2. Gird District
3. Morena District
4. Guna District
5. Shivpuri District
6. Rajgarh District
7. Bhilsa District
8. Shajapur District
9. Ujjain District
10. Indore District
11. Dewas District
12. Ratlam District
13. Dhar District
14. Jhabua District
15. Nimar District
16. Mandsaur District

Politics

The nominal head of Madhya Bharat state was Rajpramukh. It had also the post of an Uparajrpamukh. The state had a Vidhan Sabha of 99 members, who were elected from 79 constituencies (59 single member and 20 double member).^[4] There were 9 Lok Sabha constituencies in the state (7 single member and 2 double member).^[5]

Jivaji Rao Scindia was Rajpramukh of the state from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956 and Liladhar Joshi was the first Chief Minister. He was succeeded by Gopi Krishna Vijayvargiya in May 1949. On 18 October 1950 Takhatmal Jain became the third Chief Minister of Madhya Bharat.

In the first general election in 1951, the Indian National Congress won 75 seats and the Hindu Mahasabha won 11 seats.^[4] Mishrilal Gangwal of Congress became the Chief Minister on 3 March 1952. After his resignation, Takhatmal Jain again became the Chief Minister on 16 April 1955.^[6] He was the Chief Minister of the state till 31 October 1956.

Geography

Madhya Bharat Plateau

Madhya Bharat state was situated in the Madhya Bharat plateau (presently lying under most of northwestern Madhya Pradesh state and Central Rajasthan). This plateau is bounded by the Indo-Gangetic plain to the north, the Bundelkhand upland to the east, the Malwa Plateau to the south, and the East Rajasthan Uplands on the west.

References

1. ^ India States
2. ^ "Bhind-History". Bhind district website. http://www.bhind.nic.in/formation.html. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Bhattacharyya, P. K. (1977). Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 53–4. ISBN 971-81-208-3394-4. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=njYpsvmr2dsC&pg=PA53&dq=Madhya+Bharat+Part+B#v=onepage&q=Madhya%20Bharat%20Part%20B&f=false. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat". Election Commission of India website. http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf. 
5. ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 1951 to the First Lok Sabha". Election Commission of India website. http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF. 
6. ^ "This Day That Age - April 18, 1955: Madhya Bharat CM". The Hindu. April 18, 2005. http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/18/stories/2005041800250901.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-16.