Patiala and East Punjab States Union

This article is about a group of former states of India. For other uses of the name, see Punjab (disambiguation).

The Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) was a state of India from 1948-56. It was created by combining eight princely states: Patiala, Jind, Nabha, Kapurthala, Faridkot, Kalsia, Malerkotla and Nalagarh. The state was inaugurated on July 15, 1948 and formally became a state of India in 1950.^[1] The capital and principal city was Patiala. The state covered an area of 26,208 km². Shimla, Kasauli, Kandaghat, Dharampur and Chail also became part of the PEPSU.

History

When the state was formed, the then Maharaja of Patiala, His Highness Maharajadhiraj Yadavindra Singh was appointed its Rajpramukh^[1] (equivalent to Governor). He remained in office during the entire length of the state's short existence. The then Maharaja of Kapurthala, His Highness Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthla served as Uparajpramukh. Gian Singh Rarewala was sworn in on 13 January 1949 as the first Chief Minister of PEPSU. Col. Raghbir Singh became the next Chief Minister on 23 May 1951, and Brish Bhan the Deputy Chief Minister. The state elected a 60-member state legislative assembly on January 6, 1952. The Congress Party won 26 seats and the Akali Dal won 19 seats. On 22 April 1952, Gian Singh Rarewala again became Chief Minister, this time an elected one. He led a coalition government, called the "United Front," formed by the Akali Dal and various independents. On 5 March 1953 his government was dismissed and President's rule was imposed on the state.^[2] In the mid-term poll that followed, the Congress party secured a majority and Raghbir Singh became Chief Minister on 8 March 1954. Upon his death, Brish Bhan became the Chief Minister on 12 January 1955 and remained in office until 1 November 1956, when PEPSU was merged into Punjab State.

A part of the former state of PEPSU, including the south-eastern portion around Jind and the Narnaul enclave, presently lie within the state of Haryana, which was separated from Punjab on 1 November 1966. Some other areas that belonged to PEPSU, notably Solan and Nalagarh, now lie in the state of Himachal Pradesh.

Subdivisions

Initially, in 1948, the state was divided into the following eight districts:

1. Patiala district
2. Barnala district
3. Bhatinda district
4. Fatehgarh district
5. Sangrur district
6. Kapurthala district
7. Mohindergarh district
8. Kohistan district

In 1953, the number of districts was reduced from eight to five. Barnala district became part of Sangrur district and Kohistan and Fatehgarh districts became part of Patiala district.^[3]

There were four Lok Sabha constituencies in this state. Three of them were single-seat constituency: Mohindergarh, Sangrur and Patiala. The Kapurthala-Bhatinda Lok Sabha constituency was a double-seat constituency.

Demography

The state had a population of 3,493,685 (1951 census), of which 19% was urban. The population density was 133/km².

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Gupta, Om (2006). Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Vol.7. Delhi: Isha Books. pp. 1875-€“6. ISBN 81-8205-396-X. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=L-nh1SLtlDwC&pg=PA1875&dq=Patiala+and+East+Punjab+States+Union&cd=13#v=onepage&q=Patiala%20and%20East%20Punjab%20States%20Union&f=false. 
2. ^ Singh, Roopinder (December 16, 2001). "Rarewala: A Punjabi-loving gentleman-aristocrat". http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011216/edit.htm#1. 
3. ^ "History of Jind district". Jind district website. http://jind.nic.in/jIND%20PROJECT/HISTORY.htm. Retrieved 19 March 2011. 

Further reading

1. Singh, Gursharan (1991). History of PEPSU: Patiala and East Punjab States Union, 1948-1956, Delhi: Konark Publishers, ISBN 8122002447.