Partition (politics)

Partition (politics)

In politics, a partition is a change of political borders cutting through at least one community’s homeland. That change is done primarily via diplomatic means, and use of military force is negligible.Fact|date=November 2007

Common arguments for partitions include:
* historicist - that partition is inevitable, or is already happening, this argument is related to historicism
* last resort - that partition should be pursued to avoid the worst outcomes (genocide or largescale ethnic expulsions), if other means fail
* cost-benefit - that partition offers, on balance, a better prospect of conflict reduction than the maintenance of the existing borders
* better tomorrow - that there will be a reduction in actual violence and conflict recurrence, and that the new more homogenized polities that emerge will have better prospects for the peaceful development in future
* rigorous end - heterogeneity in cultures is bad, homogeneous states should be the goal of any policyFact|date=November 2007

Examples

Notable examples (see also ) are:
* Partition of Prussia by the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 [Norman Davies: God's Playground [http://books.google.com/books?id=b912JnKpYTkC&pg=PR28&dq=%22Partition+of+Prussia%22+1466&sig=cvY2Ws1H8_anXAn3kJesxEePoFU] ] [Stephen R. Turnbull, Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights [http://books.google.com/books?id=GH_u9mKEL6oC&pg=PA89&dq=%22Partition+of+Prussia%22+1466&sig=1O46KbqykVtLFp9pX4LNqFSfLzo] ] creating Royal Prussia, and Duchy of Prussia in 1525 [Elements of General History: Ancient and Modern, by Millot (Claude François Xavier) [http://books.google.com/books?id=19EGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA227&dq=%22Partition+of+Prussia%22+1525] ]
*In the 1757 Second Treaty of Versailles, France agreed upon the partition of Prussia [Arthur Hassall, The Balance of Power. 1715 - 1789 [http://books.google.com/books?id=iCRA3jFGb0AC&pg=PA242&dq=%22Partition+of+Prussia%22+Versailles&sig=YaLc2R34uXlfZrJBgvXV7eW3LQ8] ]
* Partition of Prussia in 1919 [Norman Davies: God's Playground [http://books.google.com/books?id=9Tbed6iMNLEC&pg=PA101&dq=%22Partition+of+Prussia%22+Versailles&sig=U-HZe42Xo1j5Y5HfH4RSo_ymnXg#PPA101,M1] ]
* German occupation of Czechoslovakia ["The Polish Occupation. Czechoslovakia was, of course, mutilated not only by Germany. Poland and Hungary also each asked for their share" - Hubert Ripka: Munich, Before and After: A Fully Documented Czechoslovak Account of the ..., 1939 [http://books.google.com/books?q=%22Polish+occupation%22+%2BCzechoslovakia+mutilated&btnG=Search+Books] ] and Munich Agreement of 1938
* Partition and Elimination [Samuel Leonard Sharp: Poland, White Eagle on a Red Field, [http://books.google.com/books?id=TRUwAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22elimination+of+East+Prussia%22&q=%22elimination+of+East+Prussia%22&pgis=1#search] ] of East Prussia [Norman Davies: God's Playground [http://books.google.com/books?id=9Tbed6iMNLEC&pg=PA380&dq=%22Partition+of+East+Prussia%22&sig=WedFD3QX-7NjTjgYJz78PHmDAc4] ] among People's Republic of Poland and Soviet Union [Debates of the Senate of the Dominion of Canada [http://books.google.com/books?id=bldOAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Partition+of+Prussia%22+1919&q=Partition+of+Prussia+1919&pgis=1#search] ]
* Three Partitions of Luxembourg, the last of which in 1839, that divided Luxembourg between France, Prussia, Belgium, and the independent Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
* Three Partitions of Poland and Poland-Lithuania in the 18th, with the fourth one sometimes referring to events of 19th and 20th centuries
* 1905 Partition of Bengal and 1947 Partition of Bengal
* Partition of Tyrol by the London Pact of 1915
* Partition of the German Empire in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles
* Partition of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in 1919 by the Treaty of St. Germain
* Partition of Ireland in 1920 into the independent Irish Free State and (British) Northern Ireland
* Treaty of Kars of 1921, which partitioned Ottoman Armenia between the republic of Turkey and the then Soviet Union (Western and Eastern Armenia)
* Partition of Germany and Berlin after World War II, annexation of Former eastern territories of Germany
* Partition of Korea in 1945
* 1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine (region); this partition was abortive, as the proposed Palestinian state was never formed; Israel took most of the territory, with some going to Transjordan and Egypt.
* Partition of India (colonial British India) in 1947 into the independent dominions (later republics) of India and Pakistan (which included modern day Bangladesh)
* Partition of Korea in 1953
* Partition of Punjab in 1966 into the states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh
* Partition of Pakistan in 1971, when East Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh after the Bangladesh Liberation War
* Partition of Vietnam in 1954
* The hypothetical partition of the Canadian province of Quebec

ee also

* Separatism
* Secession

References

*Brendan O’Leary, [http://www.qub.ac.uk/cibr/WPpdffiles/MFWPpdf/w28_bol.pdf DEBATING PARTITION: JUSTIFICATIONS AND CRITIQUES]


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