Northeast Airlines Flight 946

Northeast Airlines Flight 946

Wreckage of Northeast Airlines Flight 946
Accident summary
Date	October 25, 1968
Type	Pilot error
Site	Etna, Town of Hanover, Grafton County, New Hampshire
Passengers	39
Crew	3
Injuries	10
Fatalities	32
Survivors	10
Aircraft type	Fairchild Hiller 227
Operator	Northeast Airlines
Tail number	N380NE

Northeast Airlines Flight 946 was a domestic U.S. flight from Boston, Massachusetts to Montpelier, Vermont, with a refueling stop in Lebanon, New Hampshire, operated by Northeast Airlines. On October 25, 1968 some time during the evening, Northeast Airlines Flight 946 crashed on Moose Mountain while descending on approach. The crash killed 32 of 42 passengers and crew. Of the fatalities, four were employees from the National Life Insurance Company who were returning from a business trip. The fatalities also included a reporter for the Barre Daily Times, six social workers of the Vermont Head Start Supplementary Training Program on a conference trip including Abraham H. Blum, Doctorate of Child Development. Ten passengers survived the crash with minor or moderate injuries. After the crash, Northeast Airlines continued flight service until its merger with Delta Air Lines in the early 1970s.

Crew

The crew of Flight 946 consisted of Captain John A. Rapsis, 52, who had been a pilot for Northeast Airlines since 1957 and had over 15,000 hours of flight experience. The copilot, John C. O'Neil, 29, was hired in 1967 and was less experienced.^[1] The only flight attendant on Flight 946 was Betty Frail who was hired in June 1968.^[2][3]

Flight and crash

At 5:42 p.m. EST, Northeast Airlines Flight 946 left Logan International Airport towards its first stop in Lebanon, New Hampshire. The weather at the time of take off was fair with scattered low clouds while airport officials at Logan claimed there was fog during takeoff.^[2] The National Transportation Safety Board stated in its report that the flight was "routine" until the plane approached Lebanon Municipal Airport which is located in a valley, surrounded by nearby hills. At 6:11 p.m. EST, the pilots radioed the control tower that they were executing a standard approach maneuver before preparing to land. Air Traffic Control replied and gave the crew weather, visibility and other information regarding conditions at the airport.^[1]

Moments after that transmission, the plane crashed into the side of Moose Mountain and disintegrated. The impact killed 32 of the 39 passengers and the three crew members (31 instantly, one later). Ten survivors were taken to the Mary Hitchcock Hospital, at least one in critical condition, and the hospital authorities said that no more injured were expected. The injured were lifted from the crash scene by helicopters, and taken to the green in the center of the Dartmouth College campus, where fire engines and other vehicles lighted the grassy area for an emergency landing pad. The plane carried 39 passengers and three crew members, Northeast said. One of the survivors was Frail, 21 years old, of Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, and Winthrop, Massachusetts. The military authorities participating in the rescue operation said that bad weather had complicated matters. It was raining at the crash scene, with snow at higher altitudes and freezing temperatures were expected.

Persons at the scene said that the plane had crashed on the north side of the mountain about 60 feet (20 m) from the top. Heavy woods and ledges forced rescue workers to hike to the wreckage. The copters not only brought out the injured, but also ferried in doctors while a bulldozer struggled to clear a path to the plane. Newsmen attempting to reach the scene of the crash on Moose Mountain were blocked at the base by the New Hampshire State Police. Only the police, firemen and other rescue workers were allowed up the mountain.^[4]

The passengers who survived the crash were at the rear of the plane and were able to escape the wreckage through the rear emergency exit or through the fractures in the fuselage.^[1]

Two passengers in particular had fortunate escapes from certain death. George Collins, one of the five National Life employees who boarded Flight 946, was assigned a window seat but instead switched seats with another passenger. That passenger died in the crash and Collins survived with severe injuries.^[1] Anne Foti was supposed to be on flight 946, but instead made a last minute flight cancellation at 12:00 noon on Friday (several hours before the plane took off from Boston).^[3] However, Terry Hudson's girlfriend, Janet Johnson's residence was only eight miles away from the crash site when the accident occurred.^[1]

The crash was witnessed by a deer hunter and nearby residents who called police and fire department. Moments later, rescuers began to search for bodies and survivors despite the deteriorating conditions.^[2]

Aftermath

During its investigation, the National Transportation Safety Board reported that the plane was flying 600 feet (180 m) below its required altitude. It is unclear why the pilots made the decision to fly the low altitude because both the black box and the flight data recorder were badly damaged in the crash. However, the NTSB suggested in its finding in 1970 that the pilots misjudged their altitude position during approach and there were no navigational aids in the aircraft or near the airport.^[1]

Officials at the New Hampshire Aeronautics Commission charged that the FAA had ignored repeated warnings about installing an ILS navigational approach at Lebanon Municipal Airport and that installing such system might have prevented the crash.^[5]

The crash had an impact on the struggling Northeast Airlines as it was the fifth airline crash in its 25-year history. At the time of the crash, the airline had lost four planes and 38 passengers and crew. The airline would continue to operate independently until its merger with Delta Air Lines in the 1970s.^[6]

The president of National Life held a memorial for its employees who died in the crash. Thirty-five years after the crash, the brother, daughter, nephew and niece of Terry Hudson who died in the crash continue to work at National Life. In addition, Edmond Rousse, Jr., also began working at National Life.^[2]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} National Life Insurance Company, "The Crash of Flight 946". URL accessed: August 11, 2011
2. ^ ^{a b c d} The Times-Argus, "Nine area persons are among the 32 killed in plane crash" (October 26, 1968). URL accessed: August 11, 2011
3. ^ ^{a b} The Times-Argus, Page 2 of the newspaper coverage of the crash. URL accessed: August 11, 2011
4. ^ The New York Times, Oct. 26, 1968
5. ^ Duggan, Joe, "FAA Warned on Lebanon lack of Safety Aids". The New Hampshire Sunday News. URL accessed: August 11, 2011
6. ^ This is Northeast's fifth crash in its 25 year history. URL accessed: August 11, 2011

See also

• Lists of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners

External links

• National Life Archive of the crash

Coordinates: 43°43.3′N 72°8.8′W / 43.7217°N 72.1467°W / 43.7217; -72.1467