Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg

Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg, portrait by Charles Willson Peale, 1810

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Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (17 November 1753 – 23 May 1815) was an American clergyman and botanist.

Biography

The son of Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg, he was born in Trappe, Pennsylvania. He was educated at Franckesche Stiftungen ^[1]in Halle starting in 1763 and in 1769 at the University of Halle. He returned to Pennsylvania in September 1770 and was ordained as a Lutheran minister. He served first in Pennsylvania and then as a pastor in New Jersey. He received a Doctor of Divinity degree from Princeton University.

He served as the pastor of Holy Trinity Church in Lancaster, Pennsylvania from 1780 through 1815. In 1787, he was also made the first president of Franklin College. 1779 he retired and devoted himself to the study of botany. He is best known as a botanist. Muhlenbergia, a well-known genus of grasses, was named in his honor. His chief works are Catalogus Plantarum Americae Septentrionalis (1813) and Descriptio Uberior Graminum et Plantarum Calamariarum Americae Septentrionalis Indiginarum et Cicurum (1817).

Muhlenberg discovered and identified the bog turtle while conducting a survey of plants in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. ^[2] The turtle was named named Clemmys muhlenbergii, or Muhlenberg's tortoise, in 1801 in his honor. ^[2] However, the species' common name was changed to bog turtle in 1956,^[2] as the practice of naming an organism's common name after individuals became less popular. ^[2]

The standard author abbreviation Muhl. is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name.^[3]

Family

Muhlenberg was the brother of Frederick and Peter Muhlenberg, father of Henry A. P. Muhlenberg and Frederick Augustus Hall Muhlenberg, a physician, who was the father of Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, the first president of Muhlenberg College.

References

• Solomon Erb Ochsenford. Muhlenberg College: A quarter-centennial memorial (1792) p. 172-173.
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.  This work in turn cites:
  • John M. Maisch, G. H. E. Muhlenberg als Botaniker (1886)
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. 

1. ^ Archiv der Franckeschen Stiftungen, AFSt/S B I 94, 575-577
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Crable, Ad (2009-09-08). "Big threat to a little turtle". Intelligencer Journal. http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/241955. Retrieved 2009-09-15. 
3. ^ "Author Query". International Plant Names Index. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/authorsearchpage.do. 

External links

•  "Muhlenberg, Henry Melchior". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900. 

Persondata
Name	Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst
Alternative names
Short description	United States botanist and Lutheran clergyman
Date of birth	17 November 1753
Place of birth	Trappe, Pennsylvania
Date of death	23 May 1815
Place of death	Lancaster, Pennsylvania