Yeast artificial chromosome

This is a photo of two copies of the Washington University Human Genome YAC Library. Each of the stacks is approximately 12 microtiter plates. Each plate has 96 wells, each with different yeast clones.

A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) is a vector used to clone DNA fragments larger than 100 kb and up to 3000 kb. YACs are useful for the physical mapping of complex genomes and for the cloning of large genes. First described in 1983 by Murray and Szostak, a YAC is an artificially constructed chromosome and contains the telomeric, centromeric, and replication originsequences named autonomous replicating sequence needed for replication and preservation in yeast cells. A YAC is built using an initial circular plasmid, which is typically broken into two linear molecules using restriction enzymes; DNA ligase is then used to ligate a sequence or gene of interest between the two linear molecules, forming a single large linear piece of DNA.^{[citation needed]}

Yeast expression vectors, such as YACs, YIps (yeast integrating plasmids), and YEps (yeast episomal plasmids), have an advantage over bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) in that they can be used to express eukaryotic proteins that require posttranslational modification. However, YACs have been found to be less stable than BACs, producing chimeric effects.^{[citation needed]}

A typical YAC consists of centromere element (CEN) for chromosome segregation during cell division, telomere and origin of replication (ori) were isolated and joined on plasmid constructed in E.coli. For cloning purpose YAC is digested with restriction enzymes and recombinants are produced by inserting a large fragment of genomic DNA. This molecule can be maintained in yeast as YAC. The transformant that contain YAC can be identified by red/white color selection. Non-transformed yeast contain white colonies. Red colonies of yeast contain recombinant YAC molecule. Due to insertion of DNA molecule into EcoRI site, sup4 gene is inactivated and no proteins will be expressed . This facilitates to develop red colonies.^[1]

See also

• Cosmid
• Fosmid
• Genetic engineering
• Human artificial chromosome
• Autonomously replicating sequence(ARS)

References

1. ^ Dubey R.C.(2008). A Textbook of biotechnology,S.chand & Co., New Delhi

External links

• MeSH Yeast+Artificial+Chromosomes

This biotechnology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Molecular biology Genetics stubs Biotechnology stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая? Jack Osbourne Aimee Osbourne Look at other dictionaries: yeast artificial chromosome — n a chromosome that is used esp. to clone DNA segments longer than those capable of being cloned in bacteria, that is introduced for cloning into a yeast of the genus Saccharomyces (S. cerevisiae), that contains a centromere, a telomere, and a… …   Medical dictionary Yeast Artificial Chromosome — Ein YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome) ist ein künstliches Chromosom, welches der Hefe nachempfunden ist. Es dient als Vektor und erlaubt im Gegensatz zu den Cosmiden eine Klonierung von größeren Genomabschnitten. Das erste YAC entstand als… …   Deutsch Wikipedia Yeast Artificial Chromosome — Chromosome artificiel de levure Pour les articles homonymes, voir YAC. Les chromosomes artificiels de levure (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes ou YAC en abrégé) sont très utilisés dans les techniques de biologie moléculaire et le sont, parfois, en… …   Wikipédia en Français Yeast artificial chromosome — Chromosome artificiel de levure Pour les articles homonymes, voir YAC. Les chromosomes artificiels de levure (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes ou YAC en abrégé) sont très utilisés dans les techniques de biologie moléculaire et le sont, parfois, en… …   Wikipédia en Français yeast artificial chromosome — (YAC) A stretch of DNA that contains all the elements required to propagate a chromosome in yeast and which is used to clone foreign DNA fragments in yeast cells …   Dictionary of microbiology yeast artificial chromosome — Abbreviation: YAC A vector which can be propagated in budding yeast (Saccharamyces pombe), consisting of the minimal elements required for a chromosome to replicate, and allowing for the cloning of large DNA fragments (hundreds of kilobase pairs) …   Glossary of Biotechnology yeast artificial chromosome — A vector system that allows extremely large segments of DNA to be cloned. Useful in chromosome mapping; contiguous YACs covering the whole Drosophila genome and certain human chromosomes are available …   Dictionary of molecular biology mega yeast artificial chromosome — A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) which can carry particularly large inserts (up to 1Mbp) standard YACs typically carry inserts of up to 500kbp …   Glossary of Biotechnology Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) — A vector (carrier) created and used in the laboratory to clone pieces of DNA. A YAC is constructed from the telomeric, centromeric, and replication origin sequences needed for replication in yeast cells. (The telomere is the end of the… …   Medical dictionary Artificial chromosome — may refer to: * Yeast artificial chromosome * Bacterial artificial chromosome * Human artificial chromosome …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”