City of Women

City of Women
Directed by	Federico Fellini
Produced by	Franco Rossellini Renzo Rossellini Daniel Toscan du Plantier
Written by	Story and Screenplay: Federico Fellini Bernardino Zapponi Brunello Rondi
Starring	Marcello Mastroianni
Music by	Luis Enríquez Bacalov
Cinematography	Giuseppe Rotunno
Editing by	Ruggero Mastroianni
Distributed by	New Yorker Films Artificial Eye
Release date(s)	March 28, 1980
Running time	149 mins
Country	Italy France
Language	Italian

City of Women (Italian: La città delle donne) is a 1980 film written and directed by Federico Fellini.^[1] Amid Fellini's characteristic combination of dreamlike, outrageous, and artistic imagery, Marcello Mastroianni plays Snàporaz, a man who voyages through male and female spaces toward a confrontation with his own attitudes toward women and his wife.

Plot

Snàporaz (Marcello Mastroianni) wakes up during a train ride and has a brief fling with a woman in the bathroom, but it's cut short when the train suddenly stops and the woman gets off. Snàporaz follows her into the woods, through the wilderness and into a Grand Hotel overrun with women in attendance for a surrealistic feminist convention. He winds up in a conference about polyandry, where his presence is rejected. A frightened Snàporaz retreats to the hotel lobby, but the exit is blocked; instead he seeks refuge with a girl who offers her assistance, Donatella (Donatella Damiani), inside an elevator.

Donatella leads Snàporaz into a gymnasium and forces him to don roller skates. He is yet again cornered and berated by a group of angry women who circle around him in roller skates and practice testicle-kicking with a dummy. Dazed, Snàporaz makes his exit down a flight of stairs, falling down and badly hurting himself, and into the domain of a burly woman (Jole Silvani) tending to the hotel's furnace. The woman showers and offers him a ride to the train station on her motorcycle, but stops by a farm and lures Snàporaz into a nursery, where she tries to rape him. The rape is cut short by the woman's mother, who steps in to chastise her daughter, and Snàporaz decides to follow instead a lonely woman through the country side. He joins her and her girlfriends on a car ride on the promise of being delivered to the station, but the ride goes on well into the night and all they do is hang out high on drugs and listen to techno. A frustrated Snàporaz ditches them and is harassed by them and two more cars until he finds shelter in the off-limits private property of one Dr. Xavier Katzone (Ettore Manni), who hails gunfire on his persecutors.

Dr. Katzone promises to deliver Snàporaz to the train station the following morning and invites him to stay on for a party. Snàporaz walks around Katzone's extravagant household, which is filled with sexual imagery and suggestive, phalic sculptures. He is also fascinated by a collection of photographs hanging from the manor walls that become alight by pressing a button and whisper out arousing dialogue. Katzone takes pride on his many inventions and sets on to celebrate his 10,000th photograph with an eccentric party that involves the blowing of 10,000 candles and a performance by his wife, in which she lures objects such as coins and pearls into her vagina by means of telepathy. It is in this party that Snàporaz comes across his ex wife, Elena (Anna Prucnal), who has a drunken argument with him, and meets Donatella again.

The police (composed solely of women) arrives, interrupting Katzone mid-song, announcing the imminent demolition of his house. They also inform him that they've shot one of his dogs, Italo, his most beloved. A grieved Katzone gives burial to him. Meanwhile, Snàporaz dances to Fred Astaire with Donatella and a friend of hers (who are both dressed in scant clothing), but fails to sleep with either of them, instead getting stuck with his ex on bed. Unable to sleep and hearing strange noises, he crawls under the bed, entering a dream-like world in which he slides down a toboggan, along the way revisiting his childhood crushes (a sitter, a nurse, a prostitute). He is caged at the end of the slide and transported before a strange court, where he is judged for his masculinity. Although he is dismissed to go free, he decides to confront his tentative punishment, and escalates a towering ring before a feminine crowd. At the top of the ring he climbs up a ladder and into a hot air balloon in the shape of Donatella. Donatella herself fires at him from below with a machine-gun, bursting the balloon and sending Snàporaz plummeting to apparent death.

Snàporaz then wakes up on the very same train from the beginning of the film, showing the story to have been a mere nightmare. Just as he comes to this conclusion, he realizes his glasses are broken (as in his dream) and that the wagon is filled by the women that crowded his dream. The train then races into a tunnel and credits roll.

Cast

• Marcello Mastroianni - Snàporaz
• Anna Prucnal - Elena
• Bernice Stegers - Woman on train
• Donatella Damiani - Donatella (Woman on roller skates)
• Jole Silvani - Motorcyclist (as Iole Silvani)
• Ettore Manni - Dr. Xavier Katzone
• Fiammetta Baralla - Onlio
• Hélène Calzarelli - Feminist (as Hélène G. Calzarelli)
• Isabelle Canto da Maya - (as Isabelle Canto de Maya)
• Catherine Carrel - Commandant
• Stéphane Emilfork - Feminist
• Marcello Di Falco - Slave
• Silvana Fusacchia - Skater
• Gabriella Giorgelli - Fishwoman of San Leo
• Dominique Labourier - Feminist

Critical reception

Italy and France

City of Women opened in eighty Italian theaters in March 1980^[2] and received generally favorable reviews bordering "on respect rather than praise".^[3] Corriere della Sera critic Giovanni Grazzini interpreted the film as "a catalogue of emotions, sometimes grotesque, sometimes farcical, which provides a few caustic jibes against the destruction of femininity by aggressive feminism... From a stylistic point of view, it's less homogeneous than usual but other parts of the film are delightful. For instance, when fantasy is used to create types of people rather than caricatures. In this sense Fellini, having abandoned his gallery of monsters, becomes more prosaic. Or when the ambiguity of certain characters - an excellent example is the soubrette played by the charming Donatella Damiani - provides a touch of grace and bitchiness; or when the film becomes almost a musical; or when paradox becomes surrealist, such as the party and the hurricane at the villa of Katzone who's in despair because his favourite dog has died".^[4]

"Fellini appears as the Madame Bovary of his adolescence", wrote Claudia Fava for Corriere Mercantile. "He revels in the enjoyment he feels at working with an experienced crew, side by side with faithful technicians who simulate trains on the move or the sea washing the shores of the inevitable Romagnol beaches as though they were working of the set of George Méliès. But then, again and again, Fellini has shown us that he is the greatest and most ingenious of Méliès' heirs. Only the magic does not always work, especially in the attempt to create a kind of astonished confession of amused impotence when faced with the new woman of today, together with a feeling of nostalgia for the old woman of the past... Despite Fellini's extraordinary virtuosity, the film rarely achieves harmony of inspiration, of order, of strip-cartoon fantasy, or of irony."^[5] Francesco Bolzoni of L'Avvenire insisted that Fellini was "only playing games. But then we would hardly expect from Fellini a deep analysis of the nature of women... It is a game with occasional gaps and, more often, inventions that rejuvenate an all too familiar, all too hackneyed subject. A surprising serenity predominates... It is a film with a tragic vein that in the end proves to be light-hearted and occasionally amusing".^[6] La Notte magazine's Giorgio Carbone felt the maestro had "finally reached a splendid maturity that permits him to lavish his treasures upon us for the simple pleasure of doing so. Behind the festival of images and colours we can feel his delight in making this film, a delight which, from the very first scene, becomes ours too, and it's something we haven't felt in a long time... If the film lacks suspense in its story (we care little what happens to Snàporaz or Katzone because we know that sooner or later Rimini and those bosomy extras will appear on the scene), there's suspense in the images and in the scenic inventions".^[7]

Screened out of competition on 19 May 1980 at the 33rd Cannes Film Festival,^[8] the film was panned by the majority of French critics, some of whom offered review titles such as "Zero for Fellini", "A Tiring Deception", "A Disaster", as well as "A Mountain of Tedious Pretention".^[9] Russian film director Andrei Tarkovsky, in Rome that year for the pre-production of Nostalghia, noted in his diary that City of Women was a fiasco: "At the Cannes Festival the papers said that Fellini's last film was a total disaster, and that he himself had ceased to exist. It's terrible, but it's true, his film is worthless."^[10]

USA

Released by New Yorker Films in the United States in April 1981, the film garnered generally favorable reviews but little box-office success.^[11] Daniel Talbot of New Yorker Films offered an explanation for the public's lack of interest: "Here, it played in less than fifty theatres, and of those, six provided 75 percent of the earnings. I don't know what Gaumont or Fellini could have expected with that kind of personal film. He had lost most of his audience here by then. Which isn't to say that I don't think him one of the great filmmakers of the world."^[12] For Vincent Canby of The New York Times, however, the film was a success: "Though the film is overlong, even for a Fellini aficionado, it is spell-binding, a dazzling visual display that is part burlesque, part satire, part Folies-Bergère, and all cinema. As Snàporaz is haunted by the phantoms of all the women he has known, or wanted to know, from childhood on, Mr Fellini in City of Women is obsessed by his own feelings toward women, by his need for them, his treatment (mostly poor) of them, his continued fascination by them and his awareness that (thank heavens) they'll always be different... Though City of Women is about a libertine, it's anything but licentious. Mr Fellini's licentiousness suggests a profound longing for some kind of protective discipline, if not complete chastity. As such discipline would destroy Snàporaz, it would make impossible the conception and production of a film as wonderfully uninhibited as City of Women."^[13]

John Gould Boyum of the Wall Street Journal observed that "the film's entire thrust has little or nothing to do with the striking of attitudes, the analyzing of ideas. What Fellini seems after here is the recording and communicating of a set of feelings: those complex, contradictory ones experienced by a middle-aged Italian male suddenly faced with a cataclysmic upheaval in social and sexual mores... We do not go to Fellini to immerse ourselves in story and character or to encounter ideas. What we want from the maestro and what he gives us are fabulous adventures in feeling - a decidedly original mixture of nostalgia, poignancy, and joy that is unmistakably Fellini's own."^[14]

Other uses of the title

• City of Women is also the title of a history written by Christine Stansell about sex and class in New York from 1789-1860.
• The Book of the City of Ladies (1405), a book defending women, by Christine de Pizan, is sometimes referred to as City of Women.
• The film is classified as  R18  in New Zealand for sex scenes.

References

Notes

1. ^ "NY Times: City of Women". NY Times.com. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/9766/La-Citta-Delle-Donne/details. Retrieved 2009-03-29. 
2. ^ Kezich, 345
3. ^ Kezich, 345
4. ^ Review first published in Corriere della Sera (Rome) on 29 March 1980. Fava and Vigano, 179
5. ^ Review first published in Corriere Mercantile (Genoa) on 4 April 1980. Fava and Vigano, 180
6. ^ Review first published in L'Avvenire (Milan) on 29 March 1980. Fava and Vigano, 179
7. ^ First published in La Notte (Milan) on 29 March 1980. Fava and Vigano, 178-79
8. ^ "Festival de Cannes: City of Women". festival-cannes.com. http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/1847/year/1980.html. Retrieved 2009-05-30. 
9. ^ Kezich, 345
10. ^ Diary entry dated 6 June 1980. Tarkovsky, 256
11. ^ Alpert, 277
12. ^ Alpert, 277
13. ^ First published in The New York Times on 8 April 1981. Fava and Vigano, 180
14. ^ First published in the Wall Street Journal on 17 April 1981. Fava and Vigano, 180-81

Bibliography

• Alpert, Hollis (1988). Fellini: A Life. New York: Paragon House. ISBN 1557780005
• Fava, Claudio and Aldo Vigano (1990). The Films of Federico Fellini. New York: Citadel. ISBN 0806509287
• Kezich, Tullio (2006). Fellini: His Life and Work. New York: Faber and Faber. ISBN 9780571211685
• Tarkovsky, Andrei (1994). Time Within Time: The Diaries 1970-1986. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0571167179

Further reading

• Lederman, Marie Jean . "Dreams and vision in Fellini's City of Women." Journal of Popular Film and Television, Volume 9, n° 3 Fall 1981, p. 114-22.
• (Italian) Cini, Roberta. Nella città delle donne : femminile e sogno nel cinema di Federico Fellini, Tirrenia (Pisa) : Edizioni del Cerro, 2008.
• (Italian) Monti, Raffaele. Bottega Fellini: la Città delle donne: progetto, lavorazione, film, with photographs by Gabriele Stocchi. Roma: De Luca, [1981].

External links

• City of Women at the Internet Movie Database
• City of Women at AllRovi
• Review by Vincent Canby, The New York Times, April 1981