- Fox language
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Fox Meshkwahkihaki Spoken in United States, Mexico Region Central Oklahoma, Northeastern Kansas, Iowa, and Coahuila Ethnicity Fox, Sauk, and Kickapoo Native speakers 200-1000 Language family Algic- Algonquian
- Fox
Language codes ISO 639-3 either:
sac – Fox and Sauk
kic – KickapooThis page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. Fox (known by a variety of different names, including Mesquakie, Meskwaki, Mesquakie-Sauk, Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo, Sac and Fox, and others) is an Algonquian language, spoken by around 1000 Fox, Sauk, and Kickapoo in various locations in the Midwestern United States and in northern Mexico. There are three distinct dialects: Fox (also called Mesquakie, Meskwaki, and Meshkwahkihaki), Sauk (also called Sac, and Sac and Fox), and Kickapoo (also called Kikapú; considered by some to be a separate but closely related language). If Kickapoo is counted as a separate language rather than a dialect of Fox, then there are only between 200 and 300 speakers of Fox.
Most speakers are elderly or middle-aged, making it highly endangered. The tribal school at the Meskwaki Settlement in Iowa incorporates bilingual education for children.[1] Prominent scholars doing research on the language include Ives Goddard and Lucy Thomason of the Smithsonian Institution and Amy Dahlstrom of the University of Chicago.
Contents
Phonology
The consonant phonemes of Fox are given in the table below. There are eight vowel phonemes: short /a, e, i, o/ and long /aː, eː, iː, oː/.
Labial Alveolar Postalveolar
or palatalVelar Glottal Nasal m n Stop plain p t tʃ k preaspirated ʰp ʰt ʰtʃ ʰk Fricative s ʃ h Approximant j w Other than those involving a consonant plus /j/ or /w/, the only possible consonant cluster is ʃk.
See also
External links
- Native Languages of the Americas: Mesquakie-Sauk
- Mesquakie Language Report on Ethnologue
- Kickapoo Language Report on Ethnologue
References
- ^ Meskwaki Settlement School Website, http://www.meskwaki.bia.edu/
- Voorhis, Paul H. 1974. Introduction to the Kickapoo Language, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Bloomfield, Leonard. 1925. "Notes on the Fox Language." International Journal of American Linguistics 3:219-32.
Languages of OklahomaItalics indicate extinct languages Alabama · Arapaho · Caddo · Cayuga · Cherokee · Cheyenne · Chickasaw · Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe) · Choctaw · Comanche · Delaware · English · Hitchiti-Mikasuki · Kansa · Koasati · Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache · Mesquakie (Fox, Kickapoo, and Sauk) · Muscogee · Osage · Ottawa · Pawnee · Plains Apache · Ponca · Potawatomi · Quapaw · Seneca · Shawnee · Spanish · Tonkawa · Vietnamese · Wichita · Wyandot · Yuchi
Categories:- Algonquian languages
- Sac and Fox
- Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands
- Indigenous languages of the North American Plains
- Languages of the United States
- Algonquian
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