- Max Romeo
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Max Romeo 
Background information Birth name Maxwell Livingston Smith Born 22 November 1947 Origin St. D'Acre, St. James, Jamaica Genres Reggae, roots reggae Years active 1966–present Associated acts The Upsetters Max Romeo (born Maxwell Livingston Smith, 22 November 1947, St. D'Acre, St. James, Jamaica[1]) is a reggae and roots reggae recording artist who has achieved chart success in his home country, and in the UK. Romeo was responsible for launching an entirely new sub-genre of reggae, whose overtly suggestive lyrics caused an outcry but took a massive hold of the music scene regardless. Yet innuendo was the least of the singer's stylings, previous to the release of his infamous "Wet Dream," Romeo had garnered a string of sweet hits with the vocal trio the Emotions. And once the nocturnal naughtiness faded, the singer established himself as one of the most important figures in the roots scene.[2]
Contents
Career
Romeo left home at the age of 14 and worked on a sugar plantation outside Clarendon, cleaning out irrigation ditches, before winning a local talent competition when he was 18; prompting a move to the capital, Kingston, in order to achieve a successful musical career.[1][2]
In 1965 he joined up with Kenneth Knight and Lloyd Shakespeare in The Emotions, whilst also working as a record plugger for Ken Lack's Caltone label.[1] The group were unsuccessful in auditions for other producers, but Lack offered them an audition after overhearing Smith singing to himself as he worked one day.[1] In 1966, the group had their first hit, with the Lack-produced, "(Buy You) A Rainbow".[2] The Emotions went on to have several hit singles and by 1968, the singer, by this point known as Max Romeo, felt confident enough to launch a solo career. Working with producer Bunny Lee, the young star recorded a number of pop songs, mainly love ballads, but they failed to be popular and so he returned to The Emotions, now recording for Phil Pratt.[1][2] During this time he began work as a sales representative for Bunny Lee and did some recording with The Hippy Boys, which would later became The Upsetters.
Later on in 1968, Romeo wrote new lyrics for the rhythm track of Derrick Morgan's "Hold You Jack" and handed them over to Lee. Morgan, who was due to add his vocals to the track, ultimately gave it a miss, as did several other vocalists (including John Holt and Slim Smith), leading the producer to turn to Romeo to sing the lyrics he had written. The result, "Wet Dream" (1969), was an instant hit in Jamaica, although in the UK it was met with a BBC Radio ban, despite Romeo's somewhat-disingenuous claim that the song was actually about a roof that has a leak. Still, the ban only made it more popular and the single entered the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 10 and ultimately spending almost six months in the chart[3] before featuring on his LP, A Dream (1969), which included several follow-up singles in a similar vein, such as "Mini Skirt Version", "Fish in the Pot", "Belly Woman", and "Wine Her Goosie".[1] A UK tour also met with Romeo being banned from performing at several venues, although many allowed him to play, the singer staying in the UK for eighteen months.[1]
In 1970, Romeo returned to Jamaica and set-up Romax, an unsuccessful record label and sound system.[2] Following which, he recorded several singles, mainly with old producer Bunny Lee, before going on to work a host of other producers including Niney Holness. This was followed by a period of which saw the release of a series of politically charged singles, most advocating the democratic socialist People's National Party (PNP), which chose his song, "Let The Power Fall On I", as their campaign theme for the 1972 Jamaican general election. Romeo joined the PNP Musical Bandwagon, travelling around Jamaica, playing on the back of a truck.[1] After this, Romeo recorded a number of religious songs, until he worked with producer Lee "Scratch" Perry, producing the classic singles "Three Blind Mice" (an adaptation of the nursery rhyme with lyrics about a police raid on a party), "Sipple Out Deh", and "I Chase the Devil". A remixed version of "Sipple Out Deh", entitled "War Ina Babylon", was another popular track in the UK, the first fruits of his deal with Island Records, and was followed by an album of the same name, and a follow-up single "One Step Forward".[4] Shortly after this the pair fell out, leaving Romeo to self-produce his follow-up album, Reconstruction, which could not match the success of its predecessor.[2][5] Perry's animosity towards Romeo was demonstrated by his single "White Belly Rat", with Perry also writing the word 'Judas' over a photograph of Romeo on the wall of his Black Ark studio.[1]
Romeo moved to New York City in 1978, where he co-wrote (with Hair producer Michael Butler) the musical, Reggae, which he also starred in.[1] In 1980 he appeared as a backing vocalist on "Dance" on The Rolling Stones album Emotional Rescue. In 1981, the favour was returned when Keith Richards (of The Rolling Stones) co-produced and played on Romeo's album, Holding Out My Love to You.[2] The rest of his output during the decade went practically unnoticed, with Romeo finding work at a New York electronics store. He returned to Jamaica in 1990, and began touring and recording more regularly.
He visited the UK again in 1992, recording the albums Far I Captain of My Ship and Our Rights with Jah Shaka.[1] In 1995 he recorded Cross of the Gun with Tappa Zukie, and he joined up with UK rhythm section/production team Mafia & Fluxy in 1999 for the album Selassie I Forever.[1]
Romeo's music has been sampled by other artists; The Prodigy sampled his track "I Chase the Devil" for their 1992 UK Top Ten hit "Out of Space". Kanye West has also used samples from it to produce Jay-Z's hit song "Lucifer", which appeared on Jay-Z's 2003 release - The Black Album.
"I Chase the Devil" is featured on the reggae radio station K-JAH Radio West in a popular videogame Grand Theft Auto San Andreas, released in October 2004. Romeo's single "Sipple Out Deh" appeared in John Peel's Record Box.
Discography
Albums
- A Dream (1969) Pama
- Let The Power Fall (1971) Dynamic
- Revelation Time (1975) Tropical Sound Tracs
- War Ina Babylon (1976) Island
- Reconstruction (1979) Island/Dynamic
- Rondos (1980) King Kong
- Holding Out My Love to You (1981) Shanachie
- I Love My Music (1982) Solid Groove
- One Horse Race (1985), Island in the Sun
- Transition (1989) Rohit
- Fari - Captain of My Ship (1992) Jah Shaka
- Our Rights (1992) Jah Shaka
- Cross or the Gun (1995) Tappa Zukie
- Selassie I Forever (1999) Mafia & Fluxy
- Love Message (1999) Warriors
- Something is Wrong (1999) Warriors
- In This Time (2001) 3D (Max Romeo & Tribu Acustica)
- Pocomania Songs (2007) Ariwa Sounds
Compilation albums
- Max Romeo Meets Owen Gray At King Tubby's Studio (1984) Culture Press (with Owen Gray)
- Max Romeo and the Upsetters (1989)
- Wet Dream (1993) Crocodisc
- McCabee Version (1995) Sonic Sounds
- Open The Iron Gate (1999) Blood & Fire
- The Many Moods of Max Romeo (1999) Jamaican Gold
- Pray For Me: The Best of Max Romeo 1967-73 (2000) Trojan Records
- Perilous Times (2000) Charmax
- On The Beach (2001) Culture Press
- The Coming of Jah (2002) Trojan
- Ultimate Collection (2003) (compiled by David Katz)
- Holy Zion (2003) Burning Bush
- Wet Dream: The Best of Max Romeo (2004) Trojan
- Crazy World of Dub (2005) Jamaican Recordings
- Max Romeo Sings Hits of Bob Marley (2006), Jet Star
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Thompson, Dave (2002) "Reggae & Caribbean Music", Backbeat Books, ISBN 0-87930-655-6
- ^ a b c d e f g by Jo-Ann Greene. "biography by Jo-Ann Greene - accessed August 2008". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p2933/biography. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
- ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 469. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
- ^ Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2004) "The Rough Guide to Reggae, 3rd edn.", Rough Guides, ISBN 1-84353-329-4
- ^ Larkin, Colin (1998) "The Virgin Encyclopedia of Reggae", Virgin Books, ISBN 0 7535 0242 9
External links
Categories:- 1947 births
- Living people
- Jamaican male singers
- Jamaican socialists
- Converts to the Rastafari movement
- Jamaican reggae singers
- People from Saint James Parish, Jamaica
- Trojan Records artists
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