Dropping out

Dropping out means leaving a group for either practical reasons, necessities or disillusionment with the system from which the individual in question leaves.

Most commonly, dropping out refers to a student quitting school before he or she graduates. It cannot always be ascertained that a student has dropped out, as he or she may stop attending without terminating enrollment. It is estimated 1.2 million students annually dropout of high school in the United States, where high school graduation rates rank 19th in the world.^[1] Reasons are varied and may include: to find work, avoid bullying, family emergency, poor grades, depression, unexpected pregnancy, bad environment, lack of freedom, and boredom from lack of lessons relevant to the world of work. The Silent Epidemic: Perspectives of High School Dropouts^[2] by Civic Enterprises explores reasons students leave school without graduating. The consequences of dropping out of school are typically dire. Students who drop out of school in the United States are more likely to be unemployed, homeless, receiving welfare and incarcerated.^[3] A four-year study in San Francisco found that 94 percent of young murder victims were high school dropouts.^[4]

In the 1960s, "dropping out" was used to mean withdrawing from established society, especially because of disillusionment with conventional values. It is a term commonly associated with the 1960s counterculture and with hippies and communes. See Turn on, tune in, drop out.

In clinical trials, participants may withdraw from the study, for example, due to adverse effects. This is also referred to as dropping out.

Notable drop outs

High school

• The Notorious B.I.G.^[5]
• Arthur Shawcross^[6]
• Albert Einstein, Luitpold Gymnasium^[7]
• Michael Enright (broadcaster)^[8]
• Bobby Fischer, Erasmus Hall High School^[9]
• Marvin Hewitt^[10]
• Beland Honderich^[11]
• Duke Kahanamoku, Kamehameha Schools^[12]
• Hitomi Kanehara^[13]
• Abdel Aziz al-Muqrin^[14]
• Juan Carlos Onetti^[15]
• Nas^[16]
• Eminem^[17]
• Wright brothers^[18]
• Walt Disney^[19]
• Richard Branson^[7]
• Dave Thomas (American businessman)^[20]
• David H. Murdock^[21]
• Gurbaksh Chahal^[22]
• Tupac Shakur^[23]
• Kurt Cobain^[24]
• Danny Rolling^[25]
• Teddy Pendergrass^[26]
• James Earl Ray^[27]
• Eazy-E^[28]
• Marvin Gaye^[29]
• Jay-Z^[30]
• Chester Turner^[31]
• Frank Lloyd Wright^[32]

University

• Woody Allen, New York University^[33]
• Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin^[34]
• Bill Gates, Harvard University^[35]
• David Geffen,^[36] Santa Monica City College, Brooklyn College, University of Texas at Austin
• John Glenn, Muskingum University^[36]
• Steve Jobs, Reed College^[19]
• Jack Kerouac, Columbia University,^[37]
• Kanye West, Chicago State University^[38]
• Alicia Keys, Columbia University^[39]
• James Dean, UCLA^[40]
• John Steinbeck, Stanford University^[41]
• Sylvester Stallone, University of Miami^[42]
• Ted Turner, Brown University^[36]
• William Faulkner, University of Mississippi^[43]
• Anthony Bourdain, Vassar College ^[44]
• Mark Zuckerberg, Harvard University^[36]

Doctorates

• Robin Farquharson^[45][46]

See also

• Dropout recovery
• School leaving age
• List of dropouts
• List of dropouts in the United States

References

1. ^ High School Dropouts
2. ^ The Silent Epidemic: Perspectives of High School Dropouts
3. ^ NoDropouts.org
4. ^ http://www.nodropouts.org/blog/young-murder-victims-almost-certain-be-dropouts
5. ^ "What If the Notorious B.I.G. Hadn't Dropped Out of High School?". Good Education. 2011-03-11. http://www.good.is/post/what-if-the-notorious-b-i-g-hadn-t-dropped-out-of-high-school/. 
6. ^ "Paroled Killer Charged Again...". The Spokesman-Review. January 6, 1990. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=uB8SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Y_ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6878,2344563&dq=arthur-shawcross+dropout&hl=en. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Zerbisias, Antonia (October 23, 2009). "Does school or society cause boy dropouts?". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/714574. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
8. ^ Press release, archived at Lucien.NB.ca
9. ^ Arthur Bisguier, in Wade & O'Connell 1973, p. 47.
10. ^ Slapper, Gary (May 23, 2008). "Weird cases: faking it". The Times (London). http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/columnists/gary_slapper/article3990945.ece. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
11. ^ "Beland Honderich shaped The Star of today". Toronto Star. November 3, 1992. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/460107491.html?dids=460107491:460107491&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+03%2C+1992&author=Jim+Foster+TORONTO+STAR&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Beland+Honderich+shaped+The+Star+of+today&pqatl=google. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
12. ^ James D. Nendel, The Pennsylvania State University (2006). Duke Kahanamoku: Twentieth Century Hawaiian Nonarch. The Values and Contributions to Hawaiian Culture from Hawai'i's Sporting Legend. ProQuest. pp. 1. ISBN 054284320X. http://books.google.com/books?id=rSKo0rK3xYsC. 
13. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu (June 6, 2004). "An Aging Island Embraces Japan's Young Dropouts". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/06/world/an-aging-island-embraces-japan-s-young-dropouts.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
14. ^ Rob L. Wagner (2004-06-20). "Bitter high school dropout". The Saudi Gazette. https://sites.google.com/site/roblwagnerarchives/bitter-high-school-dropout. 
15. ^ {{cite news]] |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/MH/lib00256,0EB4CFE086159745.html |title=He found his Latin American reality in a fictitious city |date=June 10, 1994 |newspaper=The Miami Herald |accessdate=January 6, 2010}}
16. ^ AbduSalaam, Ismael (March 15, 2010). "Nas to Pursue High School Diploma, Encourages Youth to Stay in School". AllHipHop.com. http://allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2010/03/15/22147322.aspx. Retrieved September 27, 2010. 
17. ^ Chonin, Neva (May 8, 1999). "Rage Against the Past Eminem is a former skinny white kid who raps...". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/05/08/DD30504.DTL&type=printable. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
18. ^ "Wright brothers were suited for invention". The Seattle Times. December 13, 2003. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2001814051_brothers130.html. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
19. ^ ^{a b} "Disney's deal for Pixar snares "Animation Inc.'". The Seattle Times. January 25, 2006. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2002760088_disneypixar25.html. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
20. ^ "Wendy's founder Dave Thomas dead at 69". CBC.ca. January 8, 2002. http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2002/01/08/thomas_020108.html. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
21. ^ "Gates Buys Into Pineapple Paradise". Forbes. July 13, 2000. http://www.forbes.com/2000/07/13/mu4.html. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
22. ^ Zinko, Carolyne (October 26, 2008). "Advice from young millionaire Gurbaksh Chahal". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/10/24/LV8P13K9P3.DTL&hw=gurbaksh&sn=001&sc=1000. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
23. ^ Pareles, Jon (September 14, 1996). "Tupac Shakur, 25, Rap Performer Who Personified Violence, Dies". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/14/arts/tupac-shakur-25-rap-performer-who-personified-violence-dies.html. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
24. ^ "Nirvana, Foo Fighters, and Eyes Adrift". The Phoenix. April 8, 1994. http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/music/top/documents/02521935.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
25. ^ "Grandmother: 'He Was Just Like The Clouds In The Sky'". Orlando Sentinel. May 23, 1993. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-05-23/news/9305230163_1_danny-rolling-gainesville-fingertips. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
26. ^ "Singer fights his way back after accident.". Anchorage Daily News. July 7, 1984. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=Nf0jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iacEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1271,3392372&dq=teddy-pendergrass+dropout&hl=en. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
27. ^ "From small-time criminal to notorious assassin". CNN. April 3, 1998. http://www.cnn.com/US/9804/04/james.ray.profile/. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
28. ^ "Straight Outta Left Field". Dallas Observer. September 12, 2002. http://www.dallasobserver.com/2002-09-12/music/straight-outta-left-field/. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
29. ^ "Marvin Gaye – Singer/Songwriter". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A23192868. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
30. ^ "Jay-Z: From Brooklyn to the Boardroom". BBC News. December 1, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6160419.stm. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
31. ^ "Serial Killer: Chester DeWayne Turner". Los Angeles Times. http://projects.latimes.com/homicide/list/chester-dewayne-turner/. 
32. ^ Biography of Frank Lloyd Wright
33. ^ "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Woody Allen". The Harvard Crimson. April 16, 1992. http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1992/4/16/everything-you-always-wanted-to-know/. Retrieved April 6, 2010. 
34. ^ Kessler, Michelle (March 4, 2004). "Dell founder passes torch to new CEO". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2004-03-04-dell-doffs-ceo-role_x.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
35. ^ "Dropout Bill Gates returns to Harvard for degree". Reuters. June 7, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/wtMostRead/idUSN0730259120070607. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
36. ^ ^{a b c d} Diana, Alison (November 9, 2010). "Facebook's Zuckerberg Mocked By Yale Students". InformationWeek.com. http://www.informationweek.com/news/smb/ebusiness/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=228200500&cid=RSSfeed_IWK_News. 
37. ^ , October 5, 2009, http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/36289 
38. ^ "Kanye West Trumpets Education in TV Spot". San Francisco Chronicle. August 24, 2007. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/08/24/entertainment/e135410D82.DTL. Retrieved January 6, 2010. ^{[dead link]}
39. ^ Pareles, Jon (January 27, 2002). "To Be Alicia Keys: Young, Gifted and in Control". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/27/arts/music-to-be-alicia-keys-young-gifted-and-in-control.html?pagewanted=2. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
40. ^ "The unseen James Dean". The Times (London). March 6, 2005. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article518348.ece. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
41. ^ John Steinbeck's Biography, http://www.steinbeck.org/Bio.html, retrieved April 6, 2010 ^{[dead link]}
42. ^ http://www.nndb.com/people/761/000023692/
43. ^ "Education: The Famous Dropouts". TIME. June 8, 1962. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896311,00.html. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 
44. ^ Bourdain, Anthony (2000). Kitchen Confidential. New York: Bloomsbury.. ISBN 158234082X. 
45. ^ Dummett, Michael (2005). "The work and life of Robin Farquharson". Social Choice and Welfare 25 (2): 475–483. doi:10.1007/s00355-005-0014-x. 
46. ^ Farquharson, Robin (1968). Drop Out!. Anthony Blond. 

External links

• Essay by Ran Prieur
• Dropout Intervention and Language Minority Youth – From the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics.
• The Dropout Cure: Students Seeing Their Own Future
• Big Cities Battle Dismal Graduation Rates