Nunatsiavummiut dialect

Nunatsiavummiutut
Spoken in	Canada
Region	North America
Native speakers	–
Language family	Eskimo–Aleut Eskimo Inuit Inuktitut Nunatsiavummiutut
Language codes
ISO 639-3	inu – [1]
Inuit dialects. Nunatsiavummiut is pink.

The Nunatsiavummiut dialect, or Nunatsiavummiutut, also known as Labradorimiutut and called Inuttut by its speakers, is a dialect of the Inuit language. It was once spoken across northern Labrador by Inuit people, whose traditional lands have now been consolidated as Nunatsiavut and Nunatukavut.

The language has a distinct writing system, created by German missionaries from the Moravian Church in Greenland in the 1760s. This separate writing tradition, the remoteness of Nunatsiavut from other Inuit communities, and its unique history of cultural contacts have made it into a distinct dialect with a separate literary tradition. It shares features, including Schneider's Law, the reduction of alternate sequences of consonant clusters by simplification, with some Inuit dialects spoken in Quebec. It is differentiated by the tendency to neutralize velars and uvulars, i.e. /g/ ~ /r/, and /k/ ~ /q/ in word final and pre-consonantal positions, as well as by the assimilation of consonants in clusters, compared to other dialects. Morphological systems (~juk/~vuk) and syntactic patterns (e.g. the ergative) have similarly diverged. Nor are the Labrador dialects uniform: there are separate variants traceable to a number of regions, e.g. Rigolet, Nain, Hebron, etc.

Although Nunatsiavut claims over 4,000 inhabitants of Inuit descent, only 550 reported any Inuit language to be their mother tongue in the 2001 census, mostly in the town of Nain. Nunatsiavummiutut is seriously endangered.

Alphabet

Nunatsiavut uses another variant devised by German-speaking Moravian missionaries, which included the letter ĸ (kra).

Capital letters

Â

A

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

ĸ

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

Lower case

â

a

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

ĸ

l

m

n

o

p

r

s

t

u

v

w

• â = aa
• e = ii
• o = uu
• ĸ = q

Vocabulary comparison

The comparison of some animal names in the two dialects of Eastern Canadian Inuktitut language:

Inuktitut[1]	Nunatsiavummiutut[2]	meaning
siksik ᓯᒃᓯᒃ	sitsik	ground squirrel
qugjuk ᖃᒡᔪᒃ	ĸutjuk	tundra swan
aarluk ᐋᕐᓗᒃ	âlluk	killer whale
amaruq ᐊᒪᕈᖅ	amaguk	gray wolf
isunngaq ᐃᓱᙵᖅ	isungak	pomarine jaeger
kanguq ᑲᖑᖅ	kangak	snow goose
tuktu ᑐᒃᑐ	tuttuk	caribou
tiriganniaq ᑎᕆᒐᓐᓂᐊᖅ	tigiganniak	arctic fox
umingmak ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ	umimmak	musk ox

German loanwords

The German loanwords^[2] used in Nunatsiavummiutut date from the period of the German missionaries of Moravian Church (1760s).

• ailvat (< Ger. elf) 'eleven'
• ainsik (< Ger. eins) 'one o'clock'
• fiarâ (< Ger. vier) 'four o'clock'
• Fraitâg ( < Ger. Freitag) 'Friday'
• kâttopalak (< Ger. Kartoffel) 'potato'
• Metvog (< Ger. Mittwoch) 'Wednesday'
• Montâg (< Ger. Montag) 'Monday'
• naina (< Ger. neun) 'nine'
• sâksit (< Ger. sechs) 'six'
• senat (< Ger. zehn) 'ten'
• sepat (< Ger. sieben) 'seven'
• silipa (< Ger. Silber) 'coin'
• situnati (< Ger. Stunde) 'hour'
• Sontâg (< Ger. Sonntag) 'Sunday'
• Sunâpint (< Ger. Sonnabend) 'Saturday'
• suvai (< Ger. zwei) 'two'
• suvailva (< Ger. zwölf) 'twelve'
• tarai (< Ger. drei) 'three'
• taraitijik (< Ger. dreißig) '30 odd 30 rifle and ammunition'
• Tenistâg (< Ger. Dienstag) 'Tuesday'
• Tonistâg (< Ger. Donnerstag) 'Thursday'
• viaga (< Ger. vier) 'four'
• vogik (< Ger. Woche) 'week'

References

1. ^ Inuktitut Living Dictionary
2. ^ ^{a b} http://www.labradorvirtualmuseum.ca/english-inuttut.htm

Further reading

• Smith, L. R., and Sam Metcalfe. Labrador Inuttut – English Glossary. [St. John's]: Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1970.