Parvipelvia

Parvipelvia Temporal range: Late Triassic-Late Cretaceous, 210–93.5 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Ichthyosaurus breviceps fossil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	†Ichthyosauria
clade:	1999
Subgroups
†Hudsonelpidiidae †Macgowaniidae †Neoichthyosauria

Parvipelvia (Latin for "little pelvis" - parvus meaning "little" and pelvis meaning "pelvis") is an extinct clade of euichthyosaur ichthyosaurs from the Late Triassic to the early Late Cretaceous (middle Norian - Cenomanian) of Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Named by Ryosuke Motani, in 1999, it contains the basal taxa like Macgowania and Hudsonelpidia.^[1] Maisch and Matzke (2000) found in their analysis 7 synapomorphies that support Parvipelvia. They also found 10 synapomorphies that support the existence of post-Triassic clade of ichthyosaurs (all parvipelvians excluding Macgowania and Hudsonelpidia), for which the name Neoichthyosauria was found to be available.^[2]

Phylogeny

Parvipelvia is a node-based taxon defined in 1999 as "the last common ancestor of Hudsonelpidia, Macgowania, Ichthyosaurus and all of its descendants".^[1] Maisch and Matzke (2000) also defined Neoichthyosauria which is a node-based taxon originally named by P. Martin Sander in 2000, as "the last common ancestor of Temnodontosaurus trigonodon and Ophthalmosaurus icenicus and all of its descendants".^[2] The cladograms below follows Motani (1999) and Maisch and Matzke (2000).^[1][2]

Parvipelvia	Macgowania Hudsonelpidia Suevoleviathan Neoichthyosauria (by definition)  Eurhinosauria Temnodontosaurus Thunnosauria

Parvipelvia	Macgowania Hudsonelpidia Neoichthyosauria  Temnodontosaurus Leptopterygiidae Suevoleviathan Thunnosauria

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Ryosuke Motani (1999). "Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (3): 472–495. http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/motani/pdf/Motani1999c.pdf. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} Michael W. Maisch and Andreas T. Matzke (2000). "The Ichthyosauria". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde: Serie B 298: 1-159. http://www.naturkundemuseum-bw.de/stuttgart/pdf/b_pdf/B298.pdf. 

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