Malonyl-CoA

Malonyl-CoA
Identifiers
CAS number	524-14-1 Y
PubChem	869
ChemSpider	10213 Y
MeSH	Malonyl+CoA
InChI InChI=1S/C24H38N7O19P3S/c1-24(2,19(37)22(38)27-4-3-13(32)26-5-6-54-15(35)7-14(33)34)9-47-53(44,45)50-52(42,43)46-8-12-18(49-51(39,40)41)17(36)23(48-12)31-11-30-16-20(25)28-10-29-21(16)31/h10-12,17-19,23,36-37H,3-9H2,1-2H3,(H,26,32)(H,27,38)(H,33,34)(H,42,43)(H,44,45)(H2,25,28,29)(H2,39,40,41)/t12-,17-,18-,19?,23-/m1/s1 Y Key: LTYOQGRJFJAKNA-VFLPNFFSSA-N Y
Properties
Molecular formula	C24H38N7O19P3S
Molar mass	853.582
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative.

Functions

It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.

Malonyl-CoA is also used in transporting alpha-ketoglutarate across the mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondrial matrix.

Fatty acid biosynthesis

In the former, it provides 2-carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis.

Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. One molecule of acetyl-CoA joins with a molecule of bicarbonate^[1], requiring energy rendered from ATP.

Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme malonyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT). MCAT serves to transfer malonate from malonyl-CoA to the terminal thiol of holo-acyl carrier protein (ACP).

Polyketide biosynthesis

There is little controversy about the fact that MCAT is also involved in bacterial polyketide biosynthesis. The fatty acid MCAT together with an acyl carrier protein (ACP), and a polyketide synthase and chain-length factor heterodimer, constitutes the minimal PKS of type II polyketides.

Regulation

Malonyl-CoA is a highly-regulated molecule in fatty acid synthesis; as such, it inhibits the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Malonyl CoA inhibits fatty acids from associating with carnitine by regulating the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase, thereby preventing them from entering the mitochondria where fatty acid oxidation and degradation occur.

See also

• Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
• Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency

References

1. ^ Nelson D, Cox M (2008) Lehninger principles of biochemistry. 5th Ed: pg. 806

External links

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