Fragmentation (chemistry)

Fragmentation is a type of chemical dissociation. Fragmentation of a molecule can take place by a process of heterolysis or homolysis.

It is a phenomenon observed in mass spectrometry where it is used as a tool to find the structural formula of a molecule, process called structural elucidation.

It can occur in the ion source (in-source fragmentation) where it is generally not a desired effect. Ion source conformation is an important criterium in the level of fragmentation observed.

Desired fragmentation is made in the collision zone (post-source fragmentation) of a tandem mass spectrometer. It is a part of gas phase ion chemistry and there are different types of mass fragmentation:

• collision-induced dissociation (CID),
• electron-capture dissociation (ECD),
• electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)
• electron-detachment dissociation (EDD),
• photodissociation, particularly infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD),
• surface-induced dissociation (SID),
• charge remote fragmentation,
• Higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD).

The certain structures favour fragmentation the α-cleavage and the McLafferty rearrangement are two examples for the often observed fragmentations.

See also

• Mass chromatogram
• Mass spectrum analysis
• Tandem mass spectrometry

External links

• Fragmentation patterns in the mass spectra of organic compounds

This article about analytical chemistry is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Tandem mass spectrometry Analytical chemistry stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР Mass fraction Mass function Look at other dictionaries: CHEMISTRY — Since the birth of modern chemistry at the beginning of the 19th century, Jews have taken a full part in all branches of the science, and the percentage of Jews achieving eminence has been high compared to their number in the general population,… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism Charge remote fragmentation — is a type of covalent bond breaking that occurs in a gas phase ion in which the cleaved bond is not adjacent to the location of the charge.[1][2] This fragmentation can be observed using tandem mass spectrometry.[3] See also Gas phase ion… …   Wikipedia Dissociation (chemistry) — For other uses, see dissociation (psychology) and dissociation (neuropsychology). Dissociation in chemistry and biochemistry is a general process in which ionic compounds (complexes, or salts) separate or split into smaller particles, ions, or… …   Wikipedia Organic chemistry — Structure of the methane molecule: the simplest hydrocarbon compound. Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by… …   Wikipedia Radical (chemistry) — Free radical redirects here. For other uses, see Free radical (disambiguation). Moses Gomberg (1866 1947), the founder of radical chemistry Radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons on an… …   Wikipedia RAFT (chemistry) — RAFT or Reversible addition ndash;fragmentation chain transfer is a form of living radical polymerization.Reversible addition ndash;fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was discovered by the [http://www.csiro.au/csiro/channel/ich4j,,.html… …   Wikipedia Cracking (chemistry) — In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon carbon bonds in the… …   Wikipedia Forensic chemistry — is the application of chemistry to law enforcement or the failure of products or processes. Many different analytical methods may be used to reveal what chemical changes occurred during an incident, and so help reconstruct the sequence of events …   Wikipedia Mass spectrometry — (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass to charge ratio of charged particles.[1] It is used for determining masses of particles, for determining the elemental composition of a sample or molecule, and for elucidating the chemical… …   Wikipedia Mass spectrometry software — is software used for data acquisition, analysis, or representation in mass spectrometry. Contents 1 MS/MS peptide identification 1.1 Database search algorithms 1.1.1 SEQUEST 1.1.2 …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”