Cook Island Aquatic Reserve

This article is about the aquatic reserve in New South Wales, Australia. For other uses, see Cook Island (disambiguation).

Cook Island Aquatic Reserve
Protected Area
Country	Australia
State	New South Wales
Region	Tweed Heads
Location	28°11′44″S 153°34′41″E / 28.1956°S 153.5781°E / -28.1956; 153.5781
Area	0.046 km2 (0 sq mi)

Cook Island Aquatic Reserve is a protected area located in the South Pacific Ocean, located 600 metres (2,000 ft) from the Fingal Head mainland of New South Wales. The island was discovered by English explorers in 1770, and since been visited sporadically. It is noted as a breeding site for seabirds and, the surrounding marine, for hosting diverse fauna.

History

Endeavour replica in Cooktown Harbour

The first recorded European sighting of Cook Island was made by the English navigator James Cook, who sighted the coast of Fingal Head in 1770.^[1] Cook charted the coastline of the island, but made no attempt at settlement.^[2] Cook then continued sailing north along the eastern coast of Australia and named two nearby landmarks, Mount Warning and Point Danger, after he was nearly shipwrecked there.^[1][2]

In 1823, English explorer John Oxley anchored at the island to take refuge from southerly winds. Two crew members then visited the island and named it Turtle Island, after finding sea turtles and an unidentified shipwreck.^[3][4] Five years later, British admiral Henry John Rous surveyed the Tweed River and named the island, Cook's Isle, the name that has persisted.^[1][5]

Australian spearfisher Ben Cropp reported the sighting of a European vessel, wrecked on the island in the 16th century.^[6] In 2008, two fishermen were rescued from nearby the island, and later hospitalised, after they were thrown overboard as a result of their boat overturning.^[7][8]

Since 1998, the island has been managed by the New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change and since 2004, by the Department of Primary Industries, as well.^[9][10] It is under the jurisdiction of the Tweed Shire Council, who hold annual clean-up events.^[9]

Flora and fauna

Panorama of Cook Island, in 2009, from Fingal Head

Cook Island is a breeding site for a number of species of seabirds, most notably terns and shearwaters.^[1] The surrounding marine area hosts diverse fauna and has been noted by Tweed Shire Council's Coast and Waterways Officer, Tom Alletson as an important habitat of sharks.^[11]

The marine surrounding Cook Island contains a wide variety of fish species, anemonefish, bullseyes, groupers, leatherjackers, parrotfish, pufferfish, surgeonfish, sweetlips and trevally. The island's marine also has a mass of additional species, including brittle stars, flatworms, shrimps and nudibranchs. The marine is frequented by migratory shark species, blind sharks (Brachaelurus waddi), leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) and wobbegongs. Other native animals include crustaceans, green turtles, jellyfish, molluscs and stingrays.^[1][9][12]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Fingal Head". The Age (Melbourne: Fairfax Media). 8 February 2004. http://www.theage.com.au/news/new-south-wales/fingal-head/2005/02/17/1108500193540.html. Retrieved 10 July 2009. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Cook, James (Entry dated 16 May 1770). The Endeavour Journal. National Library of Australia. http://www.nla.gov.au/collect/treasures/mar_treasure.html. Retrieved 10 July 2009. 
3. ^ Oxley, John Joseph William Molesworth (Entry dated 31 October 1823). Item 2/8093 (State Records Authority of New South Wales). 
4. ^ Field, Barron (1825). Geographical memoirs on New South Wales. J. Murray. http://books.google.com/?id=P7kBAAAAYAAJ&dq=Barron+Field%E2%80%99s+Geographical+Memoirs&printsec=frontcover. Retrieved 10 July 2009. 
5. ^ Daley, Louise. "Rous, Henry John (1795 - 1877)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A020355b.htm. Retrieved 10 July 2009. 
6. ^ Cropp, Ben (1964). Shark Hunters. Adelaide, South Australia: Rigby Ltd. 
7. ^ "Tweed River fishermen rescued after boat flips". The Courier-Mail (News Corporation). 18 October 2008. http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,,24514602-5003402,00.html. Retrieved 10 July 2009. ^{[dead link]}
8. ^ "Men clung to boat for hours". The Courier-Mail (News Corporation). 18 October 2008. http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,,24515218-3102,00.html. Retrieved 10 July 2009. 
9. ^ ^{a b c} "Marine debris clean-up at Cook Island Aquatic Reserve". New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change. 3 October 2008. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/media/DecMedia08100302.htm. Retrieved 10 July 2009. ^{[dead link]}
10. ^ "Cook Island". New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. 2 July 2004. http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/fisheries/info/closures/location/cook-island. Retrieved 10 July 2009. ^{[dead link]}
11. ^ "Tweed Link - Issue #403" (PDF). Tweed Shire Council. 22 February 2005. ISSN 13278630. http://www.tweed.nsw.gov.au/LinkWeb/pdfs/issue403.pdf. Retrieved 10 July 2009. 
12. ^ Coleman, Neville; Marsh, Nigel (2003). Ritchie, Rod; Walkden, Julia. eds. Diving Australia: A Guide to the Best Diving Down Under (2nd ed.). Tuttle Publishing. p. 122. ISBN 9625933115. http://books.google.com/?id=PkfjhkmkkA0C&printsec=frontcover. Retrieved 18 July 2009.