Church's Ministry Among Jewish People

Church's Ministry Among Jewish People (CMJ) (formerly the London Jews' Society or the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews) is an Anglican missionary society founded in 1809.^[1]

History

Hospital founded by the London Jews Society, Jerusalem

The society began in the early 19th century, when leading evangelicals, including members of the influential Clapham Sect such as William Wilberforce, and Charles Simeon, decided that there was an unmet need to promote Christianity among the Jews. In 1809 they formed the London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews. The Jewish missionary Joseph Frey is often credited with the instigation of the break with the London Missionary Society. A later missionary was C. W. H. Pauli.

Abbreviated forms such as the London Jews' Society or simply The Jews' Society were adopted for general use. The original agenda of the society was:

• Declaring the Messiahship of Jesus to the Jew first and also to the non-Jew
• Endeavouring to teach the Church its Jewish roots
• Encouraging the physical restoration of the Jewish people to Eretz Israel - the Land of Israel
• Encouraging the Hebrew Christian/Messianic Jewish movement^[2]

The society's work began among the poor Jewish immigrants in the East End of London and soon spread to Europe, South America, Africa and Palestine.^[3] In 1811, a five-acre field on the Cambridge Road in Bethnal Green, east London, was leased as a centre for missionary operations. A school, training college and a church called the Episcopal Jews' Chapel were built here. The complex was named Palestine Place.^[4][5][6] In 1813, a Hebrew-Christian congregation called Benei Abraham (Children of Abraham) started meeting at the chapel in Palestine Place. This was the first recorded assembly of Jewish believers in Jesus and the forerunner of today's Messianic Jewish congregations.^[7]

The London Jews Society was the first such society to work on a global basis.^[8] In 1836, two missionaries were sent to Jerusalem: Dr. Albert Gerstmann, a physician, and Melville Bergheim, a pharmacist, who opened a clinic that provided free medical services. By 1844, it had become a 24-bed hospital.^[9]

In its heyday, the society had over 250 missionaries.^[10] It supported the creation of the post of Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem in 1841, and the first incumbent was one of its workers, Michael Solomon Alexander.^[11] The society was active in the establishment of Christ Church, Jerusalem, the oldest Protestant church in the Middle East, completed in 1849.^[12]

In 1863, the society purchased property outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. In 1897, they opened a hospital on the site, designed by architect Arthur Beresford Pite. Today, the building houses the Anglican International School Jerusalem, which is operated by the society.^[13]

In 1914, the society was described as

...the oldest, largest, richest, most enterprising, and best organized of its type, and has auxiliary societies throughout the British Isles and Canada. The society, whose income in 1900-01 was £46,338, with an expenditure of £36,910, employed at 52 missionary stations 199 workers, among them 25 clergymen, 19 physicians, 34 female missionaries, 20 lay missionaries, 35 colporteurs, 58 teachers, and 8 apothecaries. Of these, 82 were converts from Judaism. Of the 52 stations 18 are in England, 3 in Austria, 1 in France, 4 in Germany, 2 in Holland, 1 in Italy, 4 in Rumania, 1 in Russia, 1 in Constantinople; in Asia there are 10 stations, among them Jerusalem with 27 workers; in Africa there are 7 stations. About 5,000 Jews have been baptized by the society since its foundation. Its principal organs are the Jewish Missionary Intelligence and the Jewish Missionary Advocate.^[14]

The organisation is one of the eleven official mission agencies of the Church of England.[17] It currently has branches in the United Kingdom, Israel, Ireland, the USA, Canada, South Africa, Hong Kong, and Australia.[18]

In response to changing attitudes towards outreach and the Jewish people, the society has changed its name several times over the years, first to Church Missions to Jews, then The Church's Mission to the Jews, followed by The Church's Ministry Among the Jews, and finally to the current name of The Church's Ministry Among Jewish People, which was adopted in 1995.

The society's historic archives are stored by the Bodleian Library in Oxford England.^[15] A history of the society was published in 1991.^[16]

Current activities

The organisation is one of the eleven official mission agencies of the Church of England.^[17] It currently has branches in the United Kingdom, Israel, Ireland, the USA, South Africa, and Australia.^[18]

The organisation marked its bicentenary in 2009 with four special church services around the United Kingdom.^[19]

Current issues

The missionary focus of CMJ attracts criticism from the Jewish community who regard such activities as highly detrimental to Jewish-Christian relations. For example, Rabbi Shmuel Arkush of Operation Judaism, a Jewish organisation dedicated to opposing missionaries, has called for CMJ to be disbanded.^[20]

In 1992, George Carey became the first Archbishop of Canterbury in 150 years to decline to be the Patron of CMJ, a decision that was praised by Jewish leaders and reported as the front-page headline in The Jewish Chronicle.^[21] Subsequent reports confirmed that the Archbishop, the most senior figure in the Anglican Church, did not wish to endorse the organisation's missionary work, which he felt was damaging to interfaith relations.^[22][23][24]

In addition, CMJ has often adopted a Zionist position, and expressed the view that the Jewish people deserved a state in the Holy Land decades before Zionism began as a movement. It supported the re-establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 and continues to engage in pro-Israel advocacy. This has drawn criticism from opponents of Christian Zionism such as Stephen Sizer.^[25] A detailed response to Sizer's criticisms was produced by the then General Director of CMJ, Tony Higton.^[26] Christ Church holds a view that is sometimes seen as Zionism but always viewed as sympathetic to the Jewish people.

A further source of tension has been the unusual situation whereby the Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem did not receive jurisdiction over Christ Church, Jerusalem once St. George's Cathedral, Jerusalem was constructed in 1899. Many of the bishops have not shared CMJ's convictions or their desire to take the gospel to the Jewish community, but Christ Church belongs to CMJ, which has always had the status of an independent Anglican society, and consequently the bishops do not have control over the church or its activities.^[27] Through all the opposition, CMJ continues its pro-Israel advocacy.

See also

• Mission (Christian)
• Evangelism
• Evangelicalism
• Jewish Christians
• Christianity and Judaism
• Christianity in the 19th century
• Christian Restorationism
• Christian Zionism
• Christian Zionism in the United Kingdom

References

1. ^ CMJ USA web site
2. ^ For the Love of Zion, Kelvin Crombie, Hodder & Stoughton Religious, 1991, ISBN 978-0340558058, p. 3
3. ^ CMJ UK web site
4. ^ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22747
5. ^ http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=3975&inst_id=23&nv1=search&nv2=
6. ^ http://www.movinghere.org.uk/search/catalogue.asp?catphase=FullDetails&phase=&RecordID=56497&ResourceTypeID=2&Sequence=190&keywords=&fuzzy=&format=&community=&theme=&date_from=&date_to=&source=6&section=c&person=N&PageMove=Goto&PageNo=13
7. ^ Cohn-Sherbok, Dan (2000). Messianic Judaism. Continuum. p. 16. 
8. ^ CMJ USA web site
9. ^ The workers' health fund in Eretz Israel: Kupat Holim, 1911-1937, Shifra Shvarts
10. ^ CMJ UK web site
11. ^ Crombie, Kelvin (2006) A Jewish Bishop in Jerusalem: the life story of Michael Solomon Alexander. Jerusalem: Nicholayson's
12. ^ http://www.cmj-israel.org/CMJMinistries/ChristChurch/Overview/tabid/70/Default.aspx
13. ^ Anglican International School, Jerusalem
14. ^ Schaff, Philip (1914). The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. p. 177. 
15. ^ http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley
16. ^ For the Love of Zion, Kelvin Crombie, Hodder & Stoughton Religious, 4 September 1991, ISBN 978-0340558058
17. ^ http://www.pwm-web.org.uk/partners.shtml
18. ^ http://www.cmj.org.uk/partners
19. ^ http://www.cmj.org.uk/bicentenary
20. ^ Levitt, Lee (1992-02-21). "Ex-Soviet Jews face missionary 'danger'". The Jewish Chronicle (London): p. 5. "..."The CMJ should be disbanded" he (Rabbi Shmiel Arkush) said." 
21. ^ Rocker, Simon (1992-03-13). "Carey is praised for cutting links with missionaries". The Jewish Chronicle (London): p. 1. "In a significant advance in Jewish-Christian relations, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr George Carey, has defied the tradition of his predecessors by declining to become patron of the missionary Church's Ministry Among the Jews (CMJ). ... Chief Rabbi Dr Jonathan Sacks called the move "a significant moment in the important challenge of encouraging trust between all the faith communities."" 
22. ^ http://www.anglicancommunion.org/the-holy-land/data/Sharing.pdf
23. ^ http://www.spannermedia.com/interviews/Carey.htm
24. ^ Rocker, Simon (2002-04-26). "Carey rebuts claim of endorsement for missionary group". The Jewish Chronicle (London): p. 17. "The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr George Carey, this week distanced himself from an advertisement placed by the Church's Ministry among Jewish People which suggested he approved of its missionary work. ... a Lambeth Palace spokesman made it clear that Dr Carey - who refused to become patron of the CMJ upon taking office - had not endorsed the organisation's missionary work." 
25. ^ http://www.cc-vw.org/articles/czdefine1.html
26. ^ Higton, Rev Tony. "A Response to Stephen Sizer's criticisms of CMJ and ITAC". Church's Ministry Among Jewish People. Archived from the original on 2006-03-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20060307144018/http://www.cmj.org.uk/articles/sizer.html. Retrieved 2009-04-07. 
27. ^ Higton, Rev Tony. "A Response to Stephen Sizer's criticisms of CMJ and ITAC". Church's Ministry Among Jewish People. Archived from the original on 2006-03-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20060307144018/http://www.cmj.org.uk/articles/sizer.html. Retrieved 2009-04-07. 

Bibliography

• Gidney, W. T., Joseph Wolff, (Biographies of eminent Hebrew Christians), London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews, 1903
• Perry, Yaron (2003). British Mission to the Jews in Nineteenth-Century Palestine. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-8385-X

External links

• CMJ Israel web site
• CMJ Ireland web site
• CMJ South Africa (Messiah's People) website
• Report on activities of the London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews, 1844