Philip Schaff

Philip Schaff (January 1, 1819 – October 20, 1893), was a Swiss-born, German-educated Protestant theologian and a historian of the Christian church, who, after his education, lived and taught in the United States.

He was born in Chur, Switzerland, and was educated at the gymnasium of Stuttgart, and at the universities of Tübingen, Halle and Berlin, where he was successively influenced by Baur and Schmid, by Tholuck and Julius Müller, by David Strauss and, above all, Neander. He then traveled through Italy and Sicily as tutor to Baron Krischer. In 1842 he was "Privatdozent" in the University of Berlin, and in 1843 he was called to become professor of church history and Biblical literature in the German Reformed Theological Seminary of Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, then the only seminary of that church in America.

On his journey he stayed in England and met Edward Pusey and other Tractarians. His inaugural address on "The Principle of Protestantism", delivered in German at Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1844, and published in German with an English version by John Williamson Nevin was a pioneer work in English in the field of symbolics (that is, the authoritative ecclesiastical formulations of religious doctrines in creeds or confessions). This address and the "Mercersburg Theology" which he taught seemed too pro-Catholic to some, and he was charged with heresy. But, at the synod at York in 1845, he was unanimously acquitted.

In consequence of the ravages of the American Civil War the theological seminary at Mercersburg was closed for a while and so in 1863 Dr. Schaff became secretary of the Sabbath Committee in New York City, and held the position till 1870. He became a professor at Union Theological Seminary, New York City in 1870 holding first the chair of theological encyclopedia and Christian symbolism till 1873, of Hebrew and the cognate languages till 1874, of sacred literature till 1887, and finally of church history, till his death. He has also served as president of the committee that translated the American Standard Version of the Bible, though he died before it was published in 1901.

His "History of the Christian Church" resembled Neander's work, though less biographical, and was pictorial rather than philosophical. He also wrote biographies, catechisms and hymnals for children, manuals of religious verse, lectures and essays on Dante, etc.

He also translated Johann Jakob Herzog's "Real-Encyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche" into English.His son, David Schley Schaff (born in 1852), was professor of church history in Lane Theological Seminary from 1897 to 1903, and after 1903 in Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny, Pa.. He wrote a "Commentary on the Book of Acts" (1882) and a "Life of Philip Schaff" (1897).

See also

* Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

Bibliography

* Schaff, Philip. [http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/history/About.htm "History of the Christian Church"] in 8 volumes.
* Schaff, Philip. "Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes", [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.toc.html volume I] , [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds2.toc.html volume II] and [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds3.toc.html volume III]
* Schaff, Philip. [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds3.toc.html "The Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches"]
* [http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/ "The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge"] . Schaff edited the European Herzog encyclopedia for an American audience. This is a revision of that work.
* [http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ "Ante-Nicene Fathers" and two series of "Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers"] in 38 volumes total. Edited by Schaff "et al."
* [http://hdl.handle.net/10118/41 Philip Schaff's Letter book] , private correspondence from June 2, 1868 to August 26, 1881.

* Shriver, George H. (1987). "Philip Schaff: Christian Scholar and Ecumenical Prophet". Mercer University Press. ISBN 0-86554-234-1
* Pranger, Gary K. (1997). "Philip Schaff (1819-1893): Portrait of an Immigrant Theologian". Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN 0-8204-2847-7
*Graham, Stephen R. (1995). "Cosmos in the Chaos: Philip Schaff's Interpretation of Nineteenth-Century American Religion". Wm. B. Eerdmans-Lightning Source. ISBN 0-8028-0841-7
*Gross, Ernie. "This Day in Religion". New York: Neil-Schuman Publishers, 1990. ISBN 1-55570-045-4.