Bill Lancaster (aviator)

Bill Lancaster and Chubbie Miller stand in front of the Red Rose.

Captain William Newton "Bill" Lancaster (14 February 1898 – 20 April 1933, Tanezrouft, Algeria) was a pioneering British aviator.

Early life

Born in Birmingham, England, Lancaster emigrated to Australia as a child prior to World War I. In 1916, he joined first the Australian Army and later the Australian Flying Corps. He remained in Britain after the war and joined the Royal Air Force, marrying in 1919 and serving in India during the 1920s.^[1] He was promoted to flying officer from pilot officer on 30 April 1921.^[2]

England to Australia

In 1927, Lancaster transferred to the RAF Reserve (he continued to hold a commission until 30 April 1930),^[3][4] and decided to make a name for himself by flying from England to Australia. He made this flight in the Avro Avian Red Rose, accompanied by Australian Jessie "Chubbie" Miller, who helped finance the flight.^[5] It was at the time one of the longest flights made in such a small aircraft—although they were overtaken en route by Bert Hinkler in another Avian—and the first England-Australia flight by a woman.^[6] A huge crowd greeted them on arrival in Darwin, and on their subsequent tour around Australia.^[7]

In 1928 Lancaster and Miller moved to the United States on the promise of a Hollywood movie which was never made. Lancaster then made a living selling British aero engines,^[1] and Miller became an aviator in her own right, competing in the famous "Powder Puff Derby" of 1929.^[8]

Murder trial

In 1932, Lancaster had been in Mexico looking for work. At the same time, Haden Clarke, a male American writer, had been living in Lancaster and Miller's Florida home in order to assist Miller's writing of her autobiography. Clarke and Miller had developed a relationship in Lancaster's absence, and Clarke convinced Miller to leave Lancaster and marry him instead. Upon receipt of this news, Lancaster returned promptly to Florida.

On 20 April, Clarke was killed by a gunshot wound to the head.^[1] Despite the facts that the gun was Lancaster's, and that he admitted forging suicide notes found at the scene (one addressed to Lancaster and another to Miller), forensic evidence provided by the prosecution was confusing to the jury.

Albert H. Hamilton, a criminologist with a somewhat sketchy past,^[9] provided easy to understand testimony in Lancaster's favor. Additionally, even though Lancaster and Miller had dissolved their romance and partnership, Miller spoke in Lancaster's defence and the trial judge gave a summing up in his favour.

Lancaster was acquitted of murder in just short of 5 hours deliberation. It is regarded that although the evidence was in doubt, a main factor in Lancaster's acquittal was his calm, straightforward, gentlemanly demeanour in the courtroom; and the portrayal of the victim as depressive, drug-addicted and suicidal. Public opinion may also have played its part in influencing the jury; indeed, at one point the behaviour of those in gallery became so unruly (cheering for Lancaster), that Judge Atkinson interrupted with a firm, "This is not a vaudeville show!" ^[5][10]

Final flight

The wreckage of the Southern Cross Minor displayed at the Queensland Museum.

After the trial, Lancaster and Miller returned to England. Broke and friendless, Lancaster decided to attempt the hotly-contested England to South Africa speed record. Purchasing the Avro Avian Southern Cross Minor from Charles Kingsford Smith, he departed England on 11 April 1933. As the Avian was considerably slower than other aircraft of the time, Lancaster would have to make very short stops and get very little sleep to have any hope of achieving the record.^[1][5]

Having got lost several times, having not slept for 30 hours and being ten hours behind his intended time, Lancaster departed from Reggane on the evening of the 12 April to make a 750 mi (1,210 km) night crossing of the Sahara. The Avian's engine failed after less than an hour's flying, and he crash-landed in the desert far north of his expected flight path. Relatively uninjured and occasionally firing flares he awaited rescue. Searches by aircraft however were too far to the south, and a car searching from Reggane was also unsuccessful, and he died eight days later, on 20 April 1933. His final message, written on a fuel card on the morning of the 20th, was "So the beginning of the eighth day has dawned. It is still cool. I have no water. I am waiting patiently. Come soon please. Fever wracked me last night. Hope you get my full log. Bill"^[1]

Discovery

The crash site was discovered by French troops on 12 February 1962. Lancaster's body had been mummified, and his diary and personal effects had survived intact. The diary was returned to Miller, who allowed it to be published.^[5]

The wreck of the Southern Cross Minor was recovered in 1975.^[11] It now resides in the Queensland Museum in Brisbane.

Popular culture

A TV miniseries called The Lancaster Miller Affair was made in Australia in 1985.^[12][13]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Terry Gwynn-Jones Aviation History January 2000 - Online at
2. ^ London Gazette: no. 32325. p. 3934. 17 May 1921. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
3. ^ London Gazette: no. 33155. p. 2863. 27 April 1926. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
4. ^ London Gazette: no. 33607. p. 3157. 20 May 1930. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Love is in the Air - Times Online
6. ^ Records Territory
7. ^ Photo of crowd in Canberra, National Archives of Australia
8. ^ History of American Women's Aviation Feats - 1929 Women's Air Race: Aviation History: Wings Over Kansas at www.wingsoverkansas.com
9. ^ Evans, Colin (2003). A Question of Evidence: The Casebook of Great Forensic Controversies, from Napoleon to O.J.. p. 67. ISBN 0471440140. 
10. ^ Great American Trials Vol 1
11. ^ The Southern Cross Minor (re)discovered in 1975
12. ^ Australiantelevision.net
13. ^ The Lancaster Miller Affair at the Internet Movie Database

Persondata
Name	Lancaster, Bill
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	14 February 1898
Place of birth
Date of death	20 April 1933
Place of death