HMS Arrow (H42)

HMS "Arrow" was an A class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She served during the Second World War before being damaged while fighting a fire on an ammunition ship and written off in 1943.

Construction and commissioning

"Arrow" was ordered on 6 March 1928 under the 1927 Naval Estimates. She was laid down on 20 August 1928 at the yards of Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow-in-Furness, as Yard No 642. She was launched a year later on 22 August 1929 and was commissioned on 14 April 1930. She was adopted by the civil community of the Rural District of Blackwell, Derbyshire in February 1942 following a successful Warship Week National Savings Campaign.

Career

Escort duties

On the outbreak of the Second World War, "Arrow" was deployed at Portland with the 18th Destroyer Flotilla for Anti-submarine patrol and convoy defence duties. She carried out these duties into October, and on 24 October put into Devonport Dockyard to undergo repairs to fix turbine defects. These repairs lasted until December, and on her return to service in January "Arrow" was nominated to join the 16th Destroyer Flotilla at Portsmouth. She joined the flotilla on 10 January having completed her post refit trials, and the following day was, with her sisters HMS "Achates" and "Anthony", detached to escort the battleship "Royal Sovereign" part of the way on her journey to Halifax to cover the Atlantic convoys. "Arrow" was detached on 30 January and returned to Devonport to undergo repairs to her machinery.

The Norwegian coast

These repairs lasted until March, and on 10 March she resumed her convoy defence duties in the English Channel and the Western Approaches. She was transferred to 12th Destroyer Flotilla with the Home Fleet in April, and tasked with supporting the military operations following on from the landings of allied troops in Norway following the German invasion. She sailed to Rosyth and on 16 April she embarked troops and stores for Namsos, Norway. She sailed with her sister, HMS "Acheron" on 17 April and on 19 April she landed her troops and stores at Åndalsnes, rather than Namsos. Once this had been carried out, she returned to Rosyth. She sailed again on 24 April, in company with the cruisers HMS "Birmingham" and "York", and the destroyers HMS "Acheron" and "Griffin" with more troops and stores for Åndalsnes. They landed the troops and stores on 25 April and on 26 April sailed from Molde to engage enemy trawlers, disguised as Dutch but believed to be being deployed in advance of transports bringing enemy reinforcements. "Arrow" engaged the German trawler "Schelswig" ("Schiff 37"), but was accidentally rammed by HMS "Birmingham" during the action. "Arrow" suffered serious structural damage and had to be withdrawn from operational service. She returned to the UK on 27 April, escorted by HMS "Acheron" and was taken in hand on 29 April by a commercial shipyard at Middlesbrough.

She was back in service by 13 May and rejoined the Norwegian operations on 14 May. She rescued 80 survivors that day from Norwegian ships that had been sunk by German air attacks on ships carrying refugees to the Faroe Islands. On 29 April she deployed with the destroyers HMS "Echo", "Firedrake", "Havelock" and "Vanoc" to evacuate troops from Mo and Bodø. The troops were taken to Harstad in preparation for their final evacuation from Norway. "Arrow" continued to be deployed off Norway throughout June, and on 7 June she escorted a slow convoy of storeships from Harstad, with HMS "Stork" and ten trawlers, as part of Operation Alphabet. They returned to the UK where "Arrow" returned to her flotilla duties. She then sailed to the Nore and on 26 June she was taken in hand for a refit at Sheerness. The work involved improving her Anti-Aircraft defence capabilities.

The Western Approaches

She rejoined the 16th Destroyer Flotilla at Harwich on 4 July, and was active on anti-invasion patrol and convoy defence duties off the east coast. On 24 July she was transferred to the Western Approaches Defence Force, based at Greenock. She was deployed on convoy defence duties in the North Western Approaches and on 16 August she and HMS "Achates" attacked a U-boat that had been sighted by the armed merchant cruiser "Cheshire". On 27 August "Arrow" rescued survivors from a Greek steamer and on 13 September she rescued survivors from the Greek SS "Poseidon". On 8 October she joined the fast military convoy WS-3 in the Clyde as an escort, along with the cruiser HMS "Kenya" and the destroyers HMS "Achates", "Sabre" and "Vimy", covering the convoy's passage through the North Western Approaches. "Arrow" and the escorting destroyers were detached on 12 October and returned to the Clyde, where they resumed convoy defence duties for Iceland convoys. HMS "Kenya" remained with the convoy as far as Freetown.

On 13 November "Arrow" rescued survivors from the "SS Empire Hind", which had been sunk by an air attack in the North Atlantic. On 14 November she stood by the tanker MV "San Demetrio" off Achill Head and escorted her into the Clyde. The "San Demetrio" had been attacked by the German cruiser "Admiral Hipper" on 5 November, but after initially abandoning the then-burning ship the crew had re-boarded her to ensure the salvage of her valuable cargo. They arrived in the Clyde on 16 October, and "Arrow" entered repair at the Barclay Curle shipyard the following day, to fix her machinery. She was not back in action again until 14 January 1941, when she rejoined the Home Fleet. She joined the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla for anti-submarine defence of convoys the following day. February saw "Arrow" deployed in the North Western Approaches and the North Sea, escorting Icelandic convoys from Aberdeen, Scapa Flow and the Clyde.

Repairs and mining

She joined the military convoy WS-7 in the Clyde on 24 March, as an escort with the battleship HMS "Nelson", during the convoy's Atlantic passage to Freetown. She and "Nelson" were detached on 4 April and returned to Scapa Flow. During this time, she developed problems with her boilers that required attention. She put into Chatham for a refit on 2 May and was withdrawn from operational service whilst her boilers were re-tubed. The work was completed by June and she sailed to rejoin the Fleet. On 21 June, whilst on passage to Scapa Flow she detonated a mine off Flamborough Head and had to put into Middlesbrough on one boiler. [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-13A-Arrow.htm Arrow's career] ] She was taken in hand by Smiths Dock on 22 June for repairs that lasted until October and involved repairing her repair machinery mountings and replacing bulkheads. During this time she was nominated for foreign service, and after carrying out post repair trials she was prepared for service in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Transfer to the Mediterranean

On 18 November, "Arrow" and the destroyers HMS "Gurkha", "Zulu" "Nestor" and "Foxhound" screened the cruiser HMS "Dido" on passage to Gibraltar, where they arrived on 21 November. The same ships left the next day for Malta, where they arrived on 24 November. On 26 November they joined the cruiser HMS "Ajax" and the destroyers HMS "Lance" and HMS "Lively" as an escort for convoy ME-8 to Alexandria. The ships arrived at Alexandria on 29 November, where "Arrow" and the other escorts joined the Mediterranean Fleet.

January 1942 saw her deploying out of Alexandria, where on 12 January she was the target of a failed attack by an enemy submarine. "Arrow" then carried out an unsuccessful search for her attacker with HMS "Hero". On 24 January she formed part of the escort for the Malta convoy MF-4. She sailed for Alexandria on 26 January after the escorting of HMS "Breconshire" was transferred to the cruiser HMS "Penelope" and the destroyers HMS "Lively", "Legion", "Maori" and "Zulu" of Force K. "Arrow" made her return passage on 27 January with Force B, which was escorting Convoy ME-9, which had come from Malta with Force K. "Arrow" and the convoy arrived at Alexandria on 28 January.

On 12 February she joined the screen for the cruisers HMS "Naiad", "Dido" and "Euryalus" with the destroyers HMS "Griffin", "Hasty", "Havock", "Jaguar", "Jervis", "Kelvin" and "Kipling", providing cover for the passage of the convoys MW-9 and MW-9A through the Eastern Mediterranean. They came under heavy and sustained air attacks on 13 February, during which SS "Clan Campbell" was badly damaged and had to be under escort to Tobruk. The attacks continued throughout 14 February and the SS "Clan Chattan" had to be abandoned after she caught fire. The escorting force then turned over the escort of MW-9 to Force K, which took the merchants on to Malta, whilst they took over the escort of HMS "Breconshire" and three merchants of convoy ME-10 from Force K and escorted them into Alexandria. They arrived in port on 15 February. In March "Arrow" was transferred to the Indian Ocean to reinforce the Eastern Fleet.

With the Eastern Fleet

She joined the Eastern Fleet at Gan on 4 April, where she was deployed as a screen for the battleships HMS "Ramillies", "Royal Sovereign", "Resolution" and "Revenge", the aircraft carrier HMS "Hermes", the cruisers HMS "Caledon", "Dragon" and HNLMS "Jacob van Heemskerk" and the destroyers HMS "Fortune", "Griffin", "Norman", "Vampire", "Decoy", "Scout" and HNLMS "Isaac Sweers" as Force B. "Arrow" was transferred on 6 April with Force B to Kilindini, after the loss of HMS "Hermes", and the Japanese air attacks on Ceylon. "Arrow" deployed on 15 April, providing anti-submarine protection for convoys sailing between Madagascar and the Cape of Good Hope. She was withdrawn from active service on 20 May after suffering a series of defects, and was taken in hand at Durban on 21 May for a refit.

She resumed her duties on 2 July, and spent August escorting convoys between the Cape of Good Hope and Madagascar. In September she was nominated to support the final occupation of Madagascar. She joined HMS "Active", "Blackmore" and "Inconstant" in the 3rd Destroyer Division of Force M. On 9 September they provided the escort for the ships of Force M, and covered the landings at Majunga. She was released from the operation on 30 September and was transferred to Freetown, West Africa for convoy defence duties in the South Atlantic. She took up her position there in October, and on 8 October she deployed off Cape Town with HMS "Active" and "Foxhound" on anti-submarine search operations, and rescuing survivors from sunken mercantiles. She was again withdrawn from service in November owing to a recurrence of machinery defects. She returned to the UK and was under repair in a commercial shipyard at Middlesbrough from 18 November. These repairs lasted until March 1943, and she returned to Scapa Flow on 26 March for working up. She struck the boom defences on 10 April whilst working up and had to head for London on 11 April for repairs. She was taken in hand on 13 March by Green and Silley Weir at Blackwall. She was under repair until May, when she returned to Scapa Flow on 30 May for working up.

Gibraltar and Sicily

Having started working up on 3 June, she was assigned to serve with the 13th Destroyer Flotilla at Gibraltar. The working up was completed by 14 June and on 21 June she joined the destroyers HMS "Blankney", "Blencathra", "Brecon", "Brissenden", "Hambledon", "Ledbury", "Mendip", "Viscount", "Wallace", "Witherington" and "Woolston" in the Clyde as the escort for the joint convoys KMF-17 to Gibraltar and the military convoy WS-31 to the Middle East and India. "Arrow" was detached with the ships of KMF-17 on 26 June when the destroyer escort for WS-31 to Freetown arrived from Gibraltar. She then escorted the ships of KMF-17 to Gibraltar with the same destroyers and then joined the Flotilla on arrival. In July she was nominated for duty with Support Force East during the planned landings in Sicily. She took part in the landings on 10 July with the support force, and was then deployed to escort the follow up convoys.

Damage and scrapping

Whilst in harbour at Algiers on 4 August "Arrow" was set on fire by the explosion of the merchant ship SS "Fort La Monte". She sustained heavy damage, suffered many casualties and ended up disabled. She was towed to Gibraltar, arriving there on 18 September to undergo repairs. Temporary repairs were carried out throughout October, before she was towed to Taranto for permanent repairs. She left Gibraltar on 19 November, arriving at Taranto on 27 November. A survey was carried out in December to assess the extent of work required, and January to September 1944 was spent under repair. As the repairs continued, the state of the ship was found to be increasingly unsatisfactory, and her future use was now under consideration. On 17 October it was decided that repair work was to be suspended and the ship was to be de-equipped. This was carried out by December, and by January 1945 the ship was a hulk at Taranto. She remained there until May 1949, when she was broken up.

References

*Colledge
* [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-13A-Arrow.htm HMS "Arrow"'s wartime career]
* [http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4346.html HMS "Arrow" at Uboat.net]