HMNB Devonport

This article is about the Royal Navy base in Plymouth, England. For the Royal New Zealand Navy base in Auckland, New Zealand, see Devonport Naval Base.

HMNB Devonport
Plymouth, Devon, UK
View of HMNB Devonport
Type	Military base
In use	16th Century - present
Controlled by	Royal Navy
Garrison	Devonport Flotilla
Commanders	Commodore Ian Jess[1]

USS Philippine Sea at Devonport

Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB) Devonport (HMS Drake), is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and HMNB Portsmouth). HMNB Devonport is located in Devonport, in the west of the city of Plymouth in Devon, England. It is the largest naval base in Western Europe^[2] and is the sole nuclear repair and refuelling facility for the Royal Navy. The collocated Royal Dockyard is owned and operated by the Marine division of Babcock International Group (BM), who took over the previous owner Devonport Management Limited (DML) in 2007. The BM operation is commonly called Devonport Royal Dockyard.

In 2006 the Ministry of Defence announced that a review would be undertaken to examine the future of the three naval bases. The Naval Base Review was seeking to examine the long term future needs of the Royal Navy, with the most likely outcome being either retaining the three current naval bases, but with reduced capacity in each, or closing one of the two on the south coast of England. The results of the review, released in 2007, have stipulated no base closures.

HM Naval Base Devonport is the home port of the Devonport Flotilla which includes the largest ship in the Royal Navy HMS Ocean and the Trafalgar-class submarines.

History

Devonport Dockyard in 1909, courtesy WW1 Archive.

In 1588, the ships of the English Navy set sail for the Spanish Armada through the mouth of the River Plym, thereby establishing the military presence in Plymouth. Sir Francis Drake is now an enduring legacy in Devonport, as the naval base has been named HMS Drake.^[3]

In 1689 Prince William of Orange became William III and almost immediately he required the building of a new dockyard. The town of Plymouth he dismissed as inadequate. Edmund Dummer a Naval Officer travelled the West Country searching for an area where a dockyard could be built; he sent in two estimates for sites, one in Plymouth, Cattewater and one further along the coast, on the Hamoaze, a section of the River Tamar, in the parish of Stoke Damerel. On 30 December 1690, a contract was let for a dockyard to be built in the Hamoaze area, which was the start of the Devonport Royal Dockyards.^[4]

At Devonport, Dummer was the designer of the first successful stepped stone dry dock in Europe.^[5] Previously the Navy Board had relied upon timber as the major building material, which resulted in high maintenance costs and was also a fire risk. The docks Dummer designed were stronger with more secure foundations and stepped sides that made it easier for men to work beneath the hull of a docked vessel. These innovations also allowed rapid erection of staging and greater workforce mobility. He discarded the earlier three-sectioned hinged gate, which was labour intensive in operation, and replaced it with the simpler and more mobile two-sectioned gate. He wished to ensure that naval dockyards were efficient working units that maximized available space, as evidenced by the simplicity of his design layout for Devonport (which then was known as Plymouth Dock, not to be confused with the nearby town of Plymouth). He introduced a centralized storage area and a logical positioning of buildings, and his double rope-house combined the previously separate tasks of spinning and laying while allowing the upper floor to be used for the repair of sails.^[6]

Today

Devonport Dockyard and the Hamoaze from the Rame Peninsula, Cornwall.

The Royal Navy Dockyard consists of 14 dry docks (Docks Numbered 1 to 15, but there is no 13 Dock) ^[2], four miles (6 km) of waterfront, 25 tidal berths, five basins and an area of 650 acres (2.6 km²). It is the base for the Trafalgar-class nuclear powered hunter killer submarines and the main refitting base for all Royal Navy nuclear submarines. Work was completed by Carillion in 2002 to build a refitting dock to support the Vanguard-class Trident missile nuclear ballistic missile submarines.

Locals and tourists have long been able to visit the Dockyard during "Navy Days", a two day event where visitors can tour the facility, go aboard active naval ships and watch various displays of naval prowess. Among the most popular attractions is the visitor attraction, the nuclear powered submarine HMS Courageous, used in the Falklands War.

Devonport serves as headquarters for the Flag Officer Sea Training, which is responsible for the training of all the ships of the Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary, along with many from foreign naval services.

Plymouth Naval Base Museum is a maritime museum under development at Devonport.^[7]

Nickname

The Naval base at Devonport is nicknamed "Guz" by naval ratings. One suggestion is that this originates from the word guzzle (to eat or drink greedily), which is likely to refer to the eating of cream teas, a West Country delicacy and, therefore, one with strong connections to the area around Plymouth ^[8] Another explanation advanced is that "GUZZ" was the call sign for the nearby Royal Navy wireless station,(which was GZX), at Devil's Point,^[9] though this has been disputed.^[10]

Charles Causley referred to Guz in one of his poems, "Song of the Dying Gunner A.A.1", published in 1951.^[11]

Nuclear waste leaks

Devonport has been the site of a number of leaks of nuclear waste associated with the nuclear submarines based there.

• November 2002: "Ten litres of radioactive coolant leaked from HMS Vanguard in an incident two weeks ago." ^[12]

• October 2005: "Previous reported radioactive spills at the dockyard include one in October 2005, when it was confirmed 10 litres of water leaked out as the main reactor circuit of HMS Victorious was being cleaned to reduce radiation." ^[13]

• November 2008: "The Royal Navy has confirmed up to 280 litres of water, likely to have been contaminated with tritium, poured from a burst hose as it was being pumped from the submarine in the early hours of Friday." ^[13]

• March 2009: "On 25 March this year radioactive water escaped from HMS Turbulent while the reactor's discharge system was being flushed at the Devonport naval dockyard" ^[14]

Devonport Flotilla

Ships based at the port are known as the Devonport Flotilla. This includes the Navy's assault ships HMS Ocean, HMS Albion and HMS Bulwark. It also serves as home port to most of the hydrographic surveying fleet of the Royal Navy and a substantial number of Type 22 and Type 23 frigates, the former are being retired in 2011 due to defence economies. The previous Commodore of the Devonport Flotilla was Commodore Peter Walpole ADC who assumed command in September 2005.^[15]As of February 2011, it is commanded by Commodore JS Chick. Important Royal Navy Staff such as Commodore JML Kingwell, Commander UK (Response Force) Task Group, are based there.^[16]

Amphibious assault ships

• HMS Ocean Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH)
• HMS Albion Landing Platform Dock (LPD)
• HMS Bulwark Landing Platform Dock (LPD)

Type 23 frigates

• HMS Argyll
• HMS Monmouth
• HMS Montrose
• HMS Northumberland
• HMS Portland
• HMS Somerset
• HMS Sutherland

Trafalgar-class submarines

• HMS Turbulent
• HMS Tireless
• HMS Torbay
• HMS Trenchant
• HMS Talent
• HMS Triumph

Surveying squadron

• HMS Echo
• HMS Enterprise
• HMS Gleaner
• HMS Scott

Other ships based at Devonport

• HMS Raider

Other units based at Devonport

• Flag Officer Sea Training
• Hydrographic, Meteorological & Oceanographic Training Group
• HQ Amphibious Task Group
• HMS Vivid RNR
• Supacat manufacturing unit
• South West Armed Forces Rehabilitation Unit^[17]
• 1 Assault Group Royal Marines
• 539 Assault Squadron
• Hasler Company Royal Marines
• Southern Diving Group RN
• Defence Estates South West

Navy Days

Navy Days happens once every two years when for two days at the end of the summer a large part of Devonport Dockyard is open to the general public. There is an opportunity to view the facilities at the naval base as well as a number of Royal Navy and allied naval vessels present. There are a large number of stands and displays present which provide of information on some of the less well known aspects of the Royal Navy, for example the Royal Navy submarine rescue service.

References

1. ^ "Naval Base Commander". Royal Navy. http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/establishments/naval-bases-and-air-stations/hmnb-devonport/naval-base-commander/. Retrieved 8 February 2010. 
2. ^ ^{a b} HMNB Devonport : Naval Bases & Air Stations : Establishments : Operations and Support : Royal Navy
3. ^ http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/establishments/naval-bases-and-air-stations/hmnb-devonport/
4. ^ Wessom, William (24 September 2007). "The Devonport Royal dockyard". http://www.freewebs.com/10yearsofism/THE%20PORT%20OF%20PLYMOUTH.doc. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
5. ^ Fox, Celina (2007). "The Ingenious Mr Dummer: Rationalizing the Royal Navy in Late Seventeenth-Century England" (PDF). Electronic British Library Journal. p. 26. http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2007articles/pdf/ebljarticle102007.pdf. Retrieved 6 October 2009. 
6. ^ MacDougall, Philip (September 2004). "Edmund Dummer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/60947. Retrieved 6 October 2009. 
7. ^ Plymouth Naval Base Museum website
8. ^ Royal Naval Museum: origin of Guz nickname
9. ^ which was GZX Moseley, Brian. "Plymouth, Royal Navy Establishments - Royal Naval Barracks (HMS Vivid / HMS Drake)". Plymouth Data. http://www.plymouthdata.info/Royal%20Navy%20Estabs-RN%20Barracks.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-20.  (citing Brimacombe, Peter, "The History of HMS Drake", Rodney Brimacombe, Mor Marketing, Plymouth, July 1992.)
10. ^ See, for example: Dykes, Godfrey. "THE_PLYMOUTH_COMMAND". http://www.godfreydykes.info/THE_PLYMOUTH_COMMAND.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-20. 
11. ^ Neil Philip, Michael McCurdy, "War and the pity of war" p. 57. (Google Books)
12. ^ "Radioactive leak at Devonport". BBC News. 28 November 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2524573.stm. Retrieved 4 May 2010. 
13. ^ ^{a b} http://www.thisisplymouth.co.uk/news/RADIOACTIVE-LEAK-SUB-BASE/article-463707-detail/article.html
14. ^ Edwards, Rob (18 May 2009). "Ministry of Defence admits to further radioactive leaks from submarines". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/may/18/mod-nuclear-waste-submarines. Retrieved 4 May 2010. 
15. ^ Biography of Commodore Peter Walpole ADC
16. ^ http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/linkedfiles/referencelibrary/ref_library_docs/bridgecard11feb11.pdf
17. ^ "Defence Ministers tour the South West". Ministry of Defence news. Ministry of Defence. 3 March 2009. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/DefencePolicyAndBusiness/DefenceMinistersTourTheSouthWest.htm. Retrieved 29 July 2009. 

External links

• HMNB Devonport web page
• Babcock International Group plc., the owner of the dockyard
• Plymouth Naval Base Museum

Coordinates: 50°22′59″N 4°10′59″W / 50.383°N 4.183°W / 50.383; -4.183