HMS Birmingham (C19)

HMS "Birmingham" was a member of the first group of five ships of the "Town" class of light cruisers. She was built at Devonport Dockyard (Plymouth, U.K), and launched on September 1, 1936.

Early career

"Birmingham" initially joined the 5th Cruiser Squadron on the China Station in January 1938. On the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, she left for Malta for a refit before joining the Home Fleet in March-April 1940. "Birmingham" was a unit of the 18th Cruiser Squadron of the Home Fleet, initially used to patrol off the coast of Norway to prevent German fishing vessels operating in this area. In mid-April "Birmingham", HMS "Manchester" and HMS "Cairo" escorted a troop convoy to Norway, and in May, "Birmingham", in company with HMS "Manchester" evacuated 1500 troops from Åndalsnes. She returned to the UK was in refit between September-December 1940.

From January until April 1941 "Birmingham" escorted troop convoys to the Middle East, around the Cape of Good Hope. In May she returned to home waters, and was involved in the hunt for the German battleship "Bismarck" and the heavy cruiser "Prinz Eugen". "Birmingham" had already put to sea from Scapa Flow on a patrol of the Iceland-Faroes passage, and did not end up engaging the German ships. "Birmingham" then escorted convoy WS-9A from the UK to South Africa arriving on 4 July 1941. Whilst in South African waters, she docked in the Selborne dry dock at Simonstown for a minor refit, where she was fitted with the Mk284 and 291 radars and several new AA weapons.

In the Mediterranean and home waters

On completion in February 1942, "Birmingham" was transferred to the Eastern Fleet, returning to South Africa in March. In June she was reassigned to operate in the Mediterranean as a member of the 4th Cruiser Squadron under Rear Admiral Tennant. She was part of the covering force for the double convoy operation codenamed Operations "Harpoon" and "Vigorous" from Gibraltar and Alexandria to supply the island of Malta. In March, she was attacked and damaged by 15 JU 87 and Italian Cant 1007 aircraft. Though they failed to hit "Birmingham" directly, she was damaged by several near misses. In September she returned to the Indian Ocean and was involved in the British operation to occupy Madagascar, codenamed Operation "Stream". In November "Birmingham" escorted a convoy to Mahajanga West Coast where the 10th Infantry Brigade was landed under air cover provided by the carrier HMS "Illustrious". In April 1943 "Birmingham" was again refitted in the UK, a process completed in October. She returned to the Mediterranean and on 28 November was torpedoed by the German submarine U-407 off the coast of Cyrenaica. Seriously damaged, she succeeded in returning to Alexandria where temporary repairs were carried out. In June 1944, she sailed for the U.S.A. where more permanent repairs were carried out. In November 1944, the repairs were completed and she returned to home waters to join the 10th Cruiser Squadron at Scapa Flow.

In May 1945, as the war drew to a close, a force consisting of HMS "Birmingham", HMS "Dido" and several destroyers was tasked with occupying ports in the Baltic. The force passed through the German mine barrage off the Skagerrak, reaching Copenhagen on 9 May, taking control of the German cruisers "Prinz Eugen" and "Nürnberg" after their surrender. On 13 May "Birmingham" was relieved by HMS "Devonshire" and she returned to the UK.

Postwar career

In 1948 "Birmingham" was transferred to the South Atlantic Command. She served in the East Indies Fleet with the 4th Cruiser Squadron between 1949-1950. During 1950-1952 "Birmingham" underwent a modernisation, receiving new bridgework, a lattice foremast and air conditioning rendering her suitable for service in the Far East. To control the 4" A/A armament, she was given 2 - Mk 6 high angle directors at the corners of the former aircraft hangar. This was her last modernisation as she was considered to be too old to justify any major modernisation. After this refit she was transferred to the Far East Fleet, where she was a member of the 5th Cruiser Squadron. She became involved in the Korean War where she expended 1,051 six inch shells. In June 1952 as the Panmunjom (Korea) negotiations moved belatedly towards an armistice, "Birmingham", along with HMS "Newcastle" and two frigates, supported American landing craft evacuating thousands of friendly Koreans from islands off the north-west coast. In June 1954, "Birmingham" returned home from the Far East.

In 1955 "Birmingham" was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she was the flagship of the 1st Cruiser Squadron. In June 1957, she was one of seven warships involved in an exercise off the Turkish Black Sea ports under the Commander in Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet, Admiral Sir Ralph Edwards. the exercises led to a strong protest from the Russian government. In May 1959 whilst operating off Malta, "Birmingham" was involved in a collision with the destroyer "Delight" which caused the deaths of two sailors who were overcome by fumes while inspecting areas below the "Birmingham's" waterline for damage.

"Birmingham" was paid off at HMNB Devonport on 3 December 1959. By this time she was the last of her class in service. She was broken up in September 1960 by Ward, of Inverkeithing. Her badge is still visible on the Selborne dry dock wall at Simonstown, South Africa.

References

*Colledge
*cite book|last=Chesneau|first=Roger (ed.)|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922-1946|year=1980|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|id=ISBN 0-85177-146-7
* [http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/1228.html HMS Birmingham at Uboat.net]
* [http://www.world-war.co.uk/index.php3 HMS Birmingham - WWII cruisers]