Topic outline of Canada

:"For an alphabetical index of this subject, see the List of Canada-related articles."

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area,cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher= Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html |title=The World Factbook: Canada |date=2006-05-16 |accessdate=2007-05-06] and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest.

The lands have been inhabited for millennia by various groups of aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years War.In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion. [cite web| title = Territorial evolution| work = Atlas of Canada | publisher = Natural Resources Canada | url =http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/anniversary_maps/terr_evol | format = html/pdf | accessdate = 2007-10-09| quote = In 1867, the colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are united in a federal state, the Dominion of Canada.... ] [cite web| title = Canada: History| work = Country Profiles | publisher = Commonwealth Secretariat | url =http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookInternal/145152/history/ | format = html/pdf | accessdate = 2007-10-09| quote = The British North America Act of 1867 brought together four British colonies ... in one federal Dominion under the name of Canada.] [cite web| last = Hillmer| first = Norman | authorlink =| coauthors = W. David MacIntyre | title = Commonwealth| work = Canadian Encyclopedia | publisher = Historica Project | url =http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001798 | format = html | accessdate = 2007-10-09| quote = With CONFEDERATION in 1867, Canada became the first federation in the British Empire ... ] disputed-inline This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

A federation now comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has a long and complex relationship.

The following topic outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Canada:

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* Pronunciation: /'kænədə/
* Adjective: Canadian
* International rankings of Canada

Geography of Canada

: "Main articles: Geography of Canada"

* Canada is: a country
* Location:
** Northern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
*** North America
** Extreme points of Canada
* Population of Canada: 33,338,000 people (2008 estimate) - 36th most populous country
* Area of Canada: 9,984,670 km² (3,854,085 sq mi) - 2nd largest country
*

Environment of Canada

* Climate of Canada
* Ecology of Canada
** Ecoregions in Canada
** Renewable energy in Canada
* Geology of Canada
* National parks of Canada
* Protected areas of Canada
* Wildlife of Canada
** Flora of Canada
** Fauna of Canada
*** Birds of Canada
*** Mammals of Canada

Geographic features of Canada

* Canadian Arctic
* Fjords of Canada
* Glaciers of Canada
* Islands of Canada
* Lakes of Canada
** Great Lakes
* Mountain peaks of Canada
** Appalachian Mountains
** Pacific Cordillera
** Volcanoes in Canada
* Prairies of Canada
* Rivers of Canada
** Waterfalls of Canada
* Valleys of Canada
* World Heritage Sites in Canada
* Other
** Canadian Shield
** St. Lawrence Lowlands

Regions of Canada

: "Main article: Regions of Canada"

*Northern Canada (The North)
*Western Canada
*Central Canada
*Eastern Canada
**Atlantic Canada
***Maritimes

Other regions

*English Canada, sometimes known as the "Rest of Canada" (excluding Quebec) when considering topics of language
*French Canada
*Pacific Canada
*Acadia
*Quebec-Windsor Corridor
*Four Corners

Ecoregions of Canada

: "Main article: Ecoregions of Canada"

Administrative divisions of Canada

Provinces

Notes:

# Immediately prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec were part of the Province of Canada.
# Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies at the time of joining Canada.
# Manitoba was established simultaneously with Northwest Territories.
# Saskatchewan and Alberta were created out of land that had been part of Northwest Territories.
# Prior to its entry, Newfoundland was a Dominion within the British Commonwealth.

Territories

There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government.

Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of Northwest Territories.

Municipalities of Canada

* Capital of Canada: Ottawa
* Cities of Canada

Demography of Canada

* Immigration to Canada
* Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Demographics by political division

Provinces

* Demographics of Alberta
* Demographics of British Columbia
** Demographics of Vancouver (city)
* Demographics of Manitoba
* Demographics of New Brunswick
* Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador
* Demographics of Nova Scotia
* Demographics of Ontario
** Demographics of Toronto (city)
* Demographics of Prince Edward Island
* Demographics of Quebec
** Demographic history of Quebec
** Demographics of Montreal (city)
* Demographics of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Demographics of Northwest Territories
* Demographics of Nunavut
* Demographics of the Yukon

Government and politics of Canada

: "Main article: Government of Canada and Politics of Canada"

* Form of government: constitutional monarchy and democratic parliamentary federation
* Capital of Canada: Ottawa

* Canadian and American politics compared
* Canadian and Australian politics compared
* Canadian Conservatism
* List of Canadian federal general elections
* Canadian Nationalism
* Elections in Canada
** (specific elections)
* Human rights in Canada
* Liberalism in Canada
* Political culture of Canada
* Political parties in Canada
* Political scandals of Canada
* Socialism and Social Democracy in Canada
* Taxation in Canada

Branches of the government of Canada

Executive branch of the government of Canada

* Head of state: Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada
** Governor General of Canada, the Queen's representative
*** Queen's Privy Council for Canada
* Head of government: Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada
** Cabinet of Canada (Minority government)

Legislative branch of the government of Canada

* Parliament of Canada
** The Queen
** Senate of Canada
*** Speaker of the Canadian Senate
** Canadian House of Commons
*** Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons

Judicial branch of the government of Canada

* Supreme Court of Canada
* Appellate Courts of the provinces and territories
** Alberta Court of Appeal
** British Columbia Court of Appeal
** Manitoba Court of Appeal
** New Brunswick Court of Appeal
** Supreme Court of Newfoundland (Court of Appeal)
** Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories
** Nova Scotia Court of Appeal
** Nunavut Court of Appeal
** Ontario Court of Appeal
** Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island - Appeal Division
** Quebec Court of Appeal
** Saskatchewan Court of Appeal
** Court of Appeal of the Yukon Territory
* Superior-level courts of the provinces and territories
** Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
** Supreme Court of British Columbia
** Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba
** Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick
** Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Trial Division)
** Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
** Supreme Court of Nova Scotia
** Nunavut Court of Justice
** Ontario Superior Court of Justice
** Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island - Trial Division
** Quebec Superior Court
** Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan
** Supreme Court of the Yukon Territory

Foreign relations of Canada

* Canadian Confederation
* Canada-France relations
* Canada-Latin America relations
** Brazilian-Canadian relations
** Canada-Venezuela relations
* Canada-New Zealand relations
* Canada-United Kingdom relations
* Canada – United States relations

International organization membership

Canada is a member of:
* Commonwealth of Nations
* North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
* North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
* United Nations (UN)

Law and order in Canada

: "Main article: Law of Canada"

* Constitution of Canada
* Crime in Canada
* Law enforcement in Canada
** National law enforcement agencies
*** Royal Canadian Mounted Police
** Regional law enforcement agencies
*** Ontario Provincial Police
*** Royal Newfoundland Constabulary
*** Sûreté du Québec
** Local law enforcement agencies
*** Durham Regional Police Service
*** Peel Regional Police
*** Toronto Police Service
*** York Regional Police

Military of Canada

: "Main article: Military of Canada"

* Command structure
** Commander-in-chief: Governor General of Canada (nominally, see also The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces)
** Prime Minister of Canada (de facto Commander-in-chief)
*** Minister of National Defence
**** Chief of the Defence Staff
***** Maritime Command (MARCOM), command of the Navy;
***** Land Force Command (LFC) command of the Army;
***** Air Command (AIRCOM), command of the Air Force.
***** Canada Command (CANCOM), responsible for all operations within Canada;
***** Canadian Expeditionary Force Command (CEFCOM), responsible for operations outside of Canada;
***** Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM), responsible for special forces operations within Canada and abroad.
***** Canadian Operational Support Command (CANOSCOM)
* Canadian Forces
** Army: Canadian Forces Land Force Command
** Navy: Canadian Forces Maritime Command
** Air force: Canadian Forces Air Command
** Special forces: Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
** Military reserve force: Canadian Forces reserve force
*** Canadian Forces Primary Reserve
*** Canadian Forces Supplementary Reserve
*** Canadian Rangers
*** Cadet Instructors Cadre

Province governments

* Government of Alberta
* Government of British Columbia
** Government of Vancouver (city)
* Government of Manitoba
** Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
** Monarchy in Manitoba
* Government of New Brunswick
* Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
* Government of Nova Scotia
* Government of Ontario
** Government of Toronto (city)
* Government of Prince Edward Island
* Government of Quebec
** Government of Montreal (city)
* Government of Saskatchewan

Territory governments

* Government of the Northwest Territories
* Government of Nunavut
* Government of the Yukon

Politics by political division

Provinces

* Politics of Alberta
* Politics of British Columbia
** Politics of Vancouver (city)
* Politics of Manitoba
* Politics of New Brunswick
* Politics of Newfoundland and Labrador
* Politics of Nova Scotia
* Politics of Ontario
** Politics of Toronto (city)
* Politics of Prince Edward Island
* Politics of Quebec
** Politics of Montreal (city)
* Politics of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Politics of Northwest Territories
* Politics of Nunavut
* Politics of the Yukon

History of Canada

: "Main article: History of Canada, Timeline of Canadian history, and

* Constitutional history
* Military history
* Economic history

History of Canada by period

* New France
* Canada under British Imperial Control (1764-1867)
* Post-Confederation Canada (1867-1914)
* Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years
* History of Canada (1945-1960)
* History of Canada (1960-1981)
* History of Canada (1982-1992)
* History of Canada (1992-Present)

History of Canada by political division

Provinces

* History of Alberta
* History of British Columbia
** History of Vancouver (city)
* History of Manitoba
* History of New Brunswick
* History of Newfoundland and Labrador
* History of Nova Scotia
* History of Ontario
** History of Toronto (city)
* History of Prince Edward Island
* History of Quebec
** Demographic history of Quebec
** History of Montreal (city)
* History of Saskatchewan

Territories

* History of Nunavut
* History of the Northwest Territories
* History of the Yukon

Culture of Canada

: "Main article: Culture of Canada"

* Age and internet use in Canada
* Architecture of Canada
* Cuisine of Canada
* Ethnic groups in Canada
* Festivals in Canada
* Humour in Canada
* Languages of Canada
* Media in Canada
* National symbols of Canada
** Coat of arms of Canada
** Flag of Canada
** National anthem of Canada
* Prostitution in Canada
* Public holidays in Canada
* Religion in Canada
** Buddhism in Canada
** Christianity in Canada
** Hinduism in Canada
** Islam in Canada
** Judaism in Canada
** Sikhism in Canada
* World Heritage Sites in Canada

Culture by political division

Provinces

* Culture of Alberta
* Culture of British Columbia
** Culture of Vancouver (city)
* Culture of Manitoba
* Culture of New Brunswick
* Culture of Nova Scotia
* Culture of Ontario
** Culture of Hamilton, Ontario (city)
** Culture of Toronto (city)
* Culture of Prince Edward Island
* Culture of Quebec
** Culture of Montreal (city)
* Culture of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Culture of Northwest Territories
* Culture of Nunavut
* Culture of the Yukon

The Arts in Canada

* Art in Canada
* Cinema of Canada
* Literature of Canada
* Television in Canada
* Theatre in Canada

Music of Canada

: "Main article: Music of Canada"

* Canadian blues
* Canadian classical music
* Canadian hip hop
* Canadian Idol
* Canadian rock
* Caribbean music in Canada

Music by political division

Provinces

* Music of Alberta
* Music of British Columbia
** Music of Vancouver (city)
* Music of Manitoba
* Music of New Brunswick
* Music of Newfoundland and Labrador
* Music of Nova Scotia
* Music of Ontario
** Music of Toronto (city)
* Music of Prince Edward Island
* Music of Quebec
** Demographic history of Quebec
** Music of Montreal (city)
* Music of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Music of Northwest Territories
* Music of Nunavut
* Music of the Yukon

Sport in Canada

: "Main article: Sport in Canada"

Official Sports
* Ice hockey
* Lacrosse

Other sports
* Canadian football
* Canada at the Olympics
* Association Football (Soccer) in Canada

Economy of Canada

* Economic rank (by nominal GDP): 9th (ninth)

* Agriculture in Canada
* Communications in Canada
* Companies of Canada
* Currency: Canadian dollar
* Economic history of Canada
* Mining in Canada
* National Bank of Canada
* Tourism in Canada
* Transport in Canada
* Stock exchanges::* CNQ:* Nasdaq Canada:* Toronto Stock Exchange, S&P/TSX 60 is the main index of TSX:* TSX Venture Exchange:* Winnipeg Commodity Exchange:* Montreal Exchange

Economics by political division

Provinces

* Economy of Alberta
* Economy of British Columbia
** Economy of Vancouver (city)
* Economy of Manitoba
* Economy of New Brunswick
* Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador
* Economy of Nova Scotia
* Economy of Ontario
** Economy of Toronto (city)
* Economy of Prince Edward Island
* Economy of Quebec
** Demographic history of Quebec
** Economy of Montreal (city)
* Economy of Saskatchewan

Territories

* Economy of Northwest Territories
* Economy of Nunavut
* Economy of the Yukon

Education in Canada

: "Main article: Education in Canada": "Main article: Higher education in Canada"

Higher Education by political division

Provinces

* Higher education in Alberta
* Higher education in British Columbia
* Higher education in Manitoba
* Higher education in New Brunswick
* Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador
* Higher education in Nova Scotia
* Higher education in Ontario
* Higher education in Prince Edward Island
* Higher education in Quebec
* Higher education in Saskatchewan

Territories

* Higher education in Northwest Territories
* Higher education in Nunavut
* Higher education in the Yukon

Infrastructure of Canada

* Communications in Canada
** Internet in Canada
* Energy in Canada
* Health care in Canada
** Emergency medical services in Canada
* Transportation in Canada
** Airports in Canada
** Rail transport in Canada
** Roads in Canada
* Water supply and sanitation in Canada

See also

* English Wikipedia
* List of basic geography topics
* List of Canada-related articles (alphabetical index)
* List of Canada-related topics
* List of international rankings
* North America

References

External links

; Government
* [http://www.gc.ca Official website of the Government of Canada]
* [http://www.pm.gc.ca Official website of the Prime Minister of Canada]
* [http://www.gg.ca Official website of the Governor General of Canada]
* [http://www.forces.gc.ca/ Official website of the Canadian Forces]
* [http://atlas.gc.ca/site/index.html Official Government of Canada online Atlas of Canada]
* [http://www.international.gc.ca/canada_un/new_york/ Permanent Mission of Canada to the United Nations]

;Crown corporations
* [http://www.cbc.ca/ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]
* [http://www.canadapost.ca/ Canada Post]
* [http://www.canadatourism.com Canadian Tourism Commission]

;Other
* [http://www.culture.ca/ Culture.ca — Canada's Cultural Gateway]
* [http://www.culturescope.ca/ Culturescope.ca — Canadian Cultural Observatory]
* [http://www.iccs-ciec.ca/blackwell.html Canadian Studies: A Guide to the Sources]
* [http://statcan.ca/english/edu/clock/population.htm Statistics Canada with Canada's population clock]
* [http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/ The Canadian Atlas Online]
*
* UN Human Development Program: [http://hdrstats.undp.org/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_CAN.html Country Fact Sheet: Canada] , [http://hdr.undp.org/statistics/data/countries.cfm?c=CAN Statistics — Country Sheet: Canada]
*wikitravelpar|Canada
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001216 Canada from "The Canadian Encyclopedia"]

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