Duigan pusher biplane

Duigan pusher biplane
Role	Experimental aircraft
Manufacturer	John Duigan
Designer	John Duigan
First flight	16 July 1910
Number built	1

The so-called Duigan pusher biplane or often simply the Duigan biplane was an un-named early aircraft which made the first powered flight by an Australian-designed and -built machine when it flew in Victoria in 1910. The aircraft was constructed by John Duigan with help from his brother, Reginald, on their family farm at Mia Mia. The effort was especially significant in that the brothers built the aircraft almost entirely by themselves and without input from the pioneering aviation community; a photo-postcard of the Wright Flyer inspired the design and Sir Hiram Maxim's book Artificial and Natural Flight provided the theoretical basis.

The aircraft was an open-framework machine with a three-bay, equal-span, unstaggered wing cellule. Horizontal stabilisers were carried to both the front and rear, a single fin carried to the rear as well. Fixed, tricycle undercarriage was fitted, and the pilot sat on the leading edge of the lower wing. Lateral control was via ailerons on both upper and lower wings, and an elevator was attached to the rear stabiliser. The only components not built by the Duigans themselves were the engine (made by the J. E. Tilley Engineering Company of Melbourne) and the propeller. However, both of these components were extensively modified by John before they could be used.

The aircraft flew for the first time on 16 July 1910, taking off under its own power and flying 7 metres (24 feet). Within two months, this had been extended to 90 metres (300 feet), and soon thereafter to 180 metres at an altitude of 3.5 metres (590 ft at an altitude of 12 ft). By the end of the year, Duigan had made a flight of 1 km (⅝ mile) at an altitude of 30 metres (100 ft).

Duigan informed the Department of Defence of his achievements, hoping to claim a £5,000 prize that had been offered in September 1909 for the construction of an aircraft suitable for military purposes. Duigan was ineligible for the prize, which had expired at the end of March 1910, but was asked to demonstrate his aircraft for the military anyway. He also flew it in a public demonstration in front of a crowd of 1,000 spectators at Bendigo Racecourse in January 1911. In 1920, Duigan donated the aircraft to the Industrial and Technological Museum of Victoria, which was later absorbed into Museum Victoria.

Museum Victoria also preserves a flying replica of the Duigan biplane, built by Ronald Lewis and flown in 1990. It was donated to the museum in 2000.

Specifications

General characteristics

• Crew: One pilot
• Length: 10.67 m (35 ft 0 in)
• Wingspan: 7.47 m (24 ft 6 in)
• Wing area: 19.5 m² (210 ft²)
• Gross weight: 285 kg (630 lb)
• Powerplant: 1 × custom-built water-cooled straight-4, 19 kW (25 hp)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 64 km/h (40 mph)

References

• Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. pp. 347. 
• Ellison, Norman (1940). Daredevils of the Skies. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. 
• "An Australian pioneer and constructor". Flight: 504. 10 June 1911. http://www.flightglobal.com/PDFArchive/View/1911/1911%20-%200502.html. Retrieved 2008-02-26. 
• Rogers, F. D. (1990). "JR Duigan - First powered Australian Flight". Aviation Heritage 26 (1). 
• Duigan biplane at Museum Victoria
• Air Power Development Centre history
• Duigan Centenary of Flight - 2010