Postgraduate Certificate in Laws

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The Postgraduate Certificate in Laws (PCLL)(法學專業證書) is an intensive one-year full-time (or two-year part-time) professional legal qualification programme in Hong Kong. It allows graduates to proceed to legal training before qualifying to practice as either a barrister or a solicitor in Hong Kong. The "LL." of the abbreviation for the certificate is from the genitive plural legum (of lex, legis f., law). The programme can be seen as the equivalent of the Legal Practice Course (LPC) or the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) in England and Wales, which focuses heavily on practical issues, unlike a first degree in law.

Course providers

There are three course providers in Hong Kong:

• University of Hong Kong (HKU)
• City University of Hong Kong (CityU)
• Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) (since September 2008)

Qualification as a lawyer in Hong Kong

As in England and Wales, the legal profession in Hong Kong consists of two branches: solicitors and barristers.

After successfully completing the PCLL:

• Prospective solicitors go on to complete a two year training contract as a trainee solicitor to qualify.
• Prospective barristers, undertake six months of pupillage under a pupilmaster before being called to the Bar (admitted as a barrister) of Hong Kong, gaining limited rights of audience (limited practice). After six more months of pupillage, he or she can commence full practice.

PCLL admission requirements

To be eligible for admission to the courses leading to the PCLL, an applicant must have completed their Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) or equivalent legal studies either in Hong Kong or other common law jurisdictions, or have passed the Common Professional Examinations (CPE or CPEC) of Hong Kong or of England and Wales.

Applicant will have to demonstrate competence in the following eleven 'Core' subjects: Contract, Tort, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Land Law, Equity, Civil Procedure, Criminal Procedure, Evidence, Business Associations, and Commercial Law; and three 'Top-up' subjects: Hong Kong Constitutional Law, Hong Kong Legal System and Hong Kong Land Law. ^[1]

Core subjects

The degree or qualification must be in common law, and should include passes in eleven core subjects, including the following (or equivalent)^[2]:

• Contract
• Tort
• Constitutional Law
• Criminal Law
• Property Law
• Law of Trusts (or Equity or Remedies).
• Civil Procedure
• Criminal Procedure
• Evidence
• Business Associations (or Company law)
• Commercial Law

Six of these must be completed as part of a student's main law qualification: Contract, Tort, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Property Law and Equity.

Conversion examinations are offered twice a year for the remaining five subjects.

Students may complete these core subjects:

• as part of their non-Hong Kong common law qualification;
• as a visiting "internal" student in one of the three universities awarding LLB and/or JD degrees in Hong Kong and passing the requisite examination; and
• by passing the relevant subject in the Hong Kong Conversion Examination for PCLL Admission^[2].

New top-up subjects from September 2008

From September 2008 onwards, all candidates with overseas qualifications (i.e. not graduating with a law degree from local universities) must demonstrate competence in the following areas to be eligible for the PCLL:^[3]

• Hong Kong Constitutional Law
• Hong Kong Land Law
• Hong Kong Legal System

Students may do so:

• as a visiting "internal" student in one of the three universities awarding LLB or JD degrees in Hong Kong and passing the requisite examination;
• as part of the Graduate Diploma in English and Hong Kong Law taught and awarded in Hong Kong; or
• by passing the relevant subject in the Hong Kong Conversion Examination for PCLL Admission.

International English Language Testing System (IELTS)

In addition to the above admission requirements, all students applying for PCLL must take the IELTS English proficiency test (Academic Module), the results of which is not earlier than three years preceding the closing date for applications. A minimum score of 7 is required, as set by The Law Society of Hong Kong.

Course content

HKU

There are five compulsory subjects: Advocacy, Civil and Criminal Procedure, Conveyancing and Probate Practice, Commercial Law and Practice, and Professional Practice.

Streaming

In 2007-08, students had to choose one of two streams: CPC (commercial, probate and corporate practice; for intending solicitors) or Litigation (for intending barristers and litigation solicitors). Course content is identical in the first semester. In the second semester, while the subjects taken remain identical for both streams, CPC students focus more on the commercial aspect (letter writing, agreement drafting, etc.), while Litigation students focus more on the advocacy, pleadings drafting and opinion writing aspects.

As all barristers must have taken the Litigation stream, many students wishing to leave their options open may opt for Litigation even if they plan to be a solicitor in the short term, to avoid having to retake the PCLL.

In 2008-09, course syllabuses are undergoing some change and may not reflect the above.

CUHK

The programme is taught in two stages. In the first term, five compulsory subjects involve the study of core practice areas necessary for progression into the second term: Professional Practice, Commercial Practice, Property and Probate Practice, Civil Litigation Practice, and Criminal Litigation Practice.

In the second term, students are free to choose five electives which builds upon the core skills and knowledge from the first term. Though there is no streaming in the PCLL programme between intending Barristers and Solicitors, students who intend to seek admission as a Barrister in Hong Kong must undertake the following three courses: Trial Advocacy (taught intensively in the summer term), Writing & Drafting Litigation Documents, and Writing & Drafting Opinions and Advices.

Course fees

Course fees in HK$

	HKU[4]	CityU	CUHK[5]
Full-time (government-funded)	$42,100(1)	$42,100	$42,100
Full-time (self-funded)	$95,000	$145,080	$132,000
Part-time	$110,000(2)

⁽¹⁾$100,000 for non-local students
⁽²⁾Payable in two annual installments of $55,000 each

Admission details

HKU

The HKU (full-time) intake is currently slightly under 300 students per year (and decreasing), with approximately 70-80 of those from its own LLB programme. Others come from universities in other common law jurisdictions, particularly the United Kingdom and Australia.

The minimum academic level required has increased with each intake.^[6] Previously, all HKU LLB graduates would have been admitted into its PCLL programme; now, just over two-thirds are admitted (i.e. at least a decent 2:2 honours in the LLB). Non-HKU-LLB students usually require a 2:1 honours.

In 2007-08, 170 places were government-funded and 117 were self-funded.

CityU

The CityU PCLL intake is currently around 100 students per year, with approximately 30-40 of those from its own LL.B. programme. Others come from universities in other common law jurisdictions, particularly the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Non-CityU-LLB students usually require a 2:1 or high 2:2 honours^{[citation needed]}

Based on student intake figures for 2007, the PCLL acceptance rate of CityU LLB and JD students is 56.6%Figures of City University Law Programs.

CUHK

The CUHK Faculty of Law commenced its PCLL in September 2008, with the current maximum student intake around 150. Admission to the programme is keen. Successful applicants have, on the whole, achieved at least a 2:1 honours (or its equivalent) in their first law degree.

The course is only offered as a one-year full-time course, with one point of entry in September.^[7]

See also

• Legal Practice Course (LPC)
• Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC)
• Common Professional Examination (CPE), or Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL)
• Graduate Diploma in English and Hong Kong Law (GDEHKL)

References

1. ^ Eligibility for the admission to PCLL
2. ^ ^{a b} PCLL Conversion Examination and Administration website
3. ^ New top-up subject requirements from PCLL Conversion Examination and Administration website
4. ^ HKU PCLL course fees
5. ^ CUHK PCLL course fees
6. ^ Notes for applicants (2011-2012)
7. ^ http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/programmes/postgraduate-certificate-of-laws.php

External links

• PCLL at University of Hong Kong
• PCLL at City University of Hong Kong
• PCLL at Chinese University of Hong Kong
• PCLL Conversion Examination website
• Materials for preparation for PCLL Conversion Examination