NRP Afonso de Albuquerque

Career (Portugal)	Portuguese Navy
Name:	NRP Afonso de Albuquerque
Namesake:	Afonso de Albuquerque
Builder:	Hawthorn Leslie
Launched:	1934
Commissioned:	28 May 1934
Fate:	Destroyed in combat in 1961
General characteristics
Class and type:	Afonso de Albuquerque class
Displacement:	1,811 tons standard, 2,100 tons normal load, 2,435 tons full load
Length:	99.6 m (327 ft)
Beam:	13.49 m (44.3 ft)
Draught:	3.81 m (12.5 ft)
Propulsion:	2 Parsons geared turbines; 4 Yarrow boilers, 8,000 shp Oil fuel: 600 tons
Speed:	21 knots (39 km/h)
Range:	8.000 mi (12.875 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h)
Complement:	191
Armament:	4 x 120 mm guns, 2 x 76 mm guns, 4 x 76 mm anti-aircraft guns, 2 x throwers for depth charges, Fitted to carry 40 mines
Aircraft carried:	1

The NRP Afonso de Albuquerque was a warship of the Portuguese Navy, named after the 16th century Portuguese navigator Afonso de Albuquerque. She was destroyed in combat on 18 December 1961, defending Goa against the Indian Armed Forces invasion.

The ship was the first of the Afonso de Albuquerque class, which also included the NRP Bartolomeu Dias. These ships were classified, by the Portuguese Navy, as avisos coloniais de 1ª classe (colonial aviso 1st class) and were designed to maintain a Portuguese naval presence in the Overseas territories of Portugal. They had limited capacity to combat other surface vessels, as they were intended, mainly, to support amphibious operations and troops on land.

After the Second World War, the Afonso de Albuquerque class ships were reclassified as frigates.

In her career, the NRP Afonso de Albuquerque served, mainly, in the Indian and the Pacific oceans, protecting the Portuguese territories of Mozambique, India, Macau and Timor.

In 1945, she was part of the Portuguese Naval and Military Force that regained the Portuguese sovereignty over Portuguese Timor, after that territory had been occupied by the Japanese, during the Second World War.

The final combat

In late 1961, the NRP Afonso de Albuquerque was based in Goa as the leading naval unit of the Portuguese India Naval Command, with Captain Cunha Aragão as her commanding officer.

Unable to convince Portugal to relinquish its colonies in the Indian subcontinent, India launched Operation Vijay to seize Goa, Daman and Diu by force.

In the early morning of the 18 December 1961, the Afonso de Albuquerque received information that the Indian Armed Forces had launched Operation Vijay. The crew entered battle stations.

As the land communication infrastructure was bombed and destroyed by the Indian Air Force, the Afonso received the responsibility to maintain radio communications between Goa and Lisbon.

At 09:00, the Afonso de Albuquerque sighted 3 Indian Navy ships, led by INS Betwa, just outside the Mormugao port. The 2 frigates and a minesweeper were an advance group of an Indian Navy task force which included the aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant and about ten cruisers, destroyers, frigates and minesweepers.

At 12:00 noon, as the Portuguese commanders refused to surrender, the Indian frigates INS Betwa and INS Beas forced the entrance into the port, and opened fire on NRP Afonso de Albuquerque. Afonso moved in the direction of the enemy ships and responded to fire. At the same time, the final radio message was sent to Lisbon: We are being attacked. We are responding.

However, the Afonso was hit by the enemy fire. At the 12:20 when she tried to manoeuvre to a position in which she could use all its guns, the command bridge of Afonso was hit, killing the radio officer and seriously wounding Captain Cunha Aragão. The captain ordered the first officer Sarmento Gouveia, to assume command of the ship with instructions not to surrender. Under heavy fire directed at the ship, some of the crew evacuated the injured commander to the shore, and transferred him by car to medical facilities at Panjim.

At 12:35, under massive fire and, already, with the boilers and the machines destroyed, the Afonso crew ran it aground onto the beach to be used as a fixed battery. The crew continued to resist and fight until about the 14:10. The crew was then taken prisoner by Indian forces on the next day at 20:30.

During her last combat, it is estimated that the NRP Afonso de Albuquerque fired almost 400 shells. 5 of her crew died, and 13 crewmen, as well as some officers, were injured. The advantage of the Indian Navy was significant, as their ships were more modern and armed with quick firing guns.

The Afonso lay grounded at the beach near Dona Paula, until 1962 when it was towed to Bombay. Parts of the ship were recovered and are on display at a museum in Mumbai. The remainder of the ship was sold as scrap.^[1]

See also

• Operation Vijay (1961)

References

1. ^ http://sthweb.bu.edu/index.php?option=com_awiki&view=mediawiki&article=Invasion_of_Goa&Itemid=362

External links

• Jane's Fighting Ships 1938, p. 398.
• Area Militar: the Afonso de Albuquerque
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