- List of Burmese monarchs
-
History of Burma 
- Prehistory 11,000–200 BCE
- Pyu city-states 200 BCE–835 CE
- Mon kingdoms 825?–1057
- Arakanese kingdoms 788?–1406
- Pagan Dynasty 849–1298
- Pagan Empire 1044–1287
- Mongol invasions 1277–1301
- Warring states period
- Upper Burma 1298–1555
- Myinsaing 1298–1313
- Pinya 1313–1364
- Sagaing 1315–1364
- Ava 1364–1555
- Prome 1482–1542
- Ramanya 1287–1539
- Shan states 1215–1557
- Arakan 1430–1784
- Upper Burma 1298–1555
- Toungoo Dynasty 1510–1752
- Toungoo Empire 1530–1599
- Nyaungyan period 1599–1752
- Restored Hanthawaddy 1740–1757
- Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885
- British colonial period 1824–1948
- Anglo-Burmese wars 1824–1885
- Nationalist movement
1900–1948 - Japanese occupation 1942–1945
- State of Burma 1943–1945
- Modern era 1948–present
- Union of Burma 1948–1962
- Socialist Republic 1962–1988
- Union of Myanmar 1988–2010
- Republic of the Union of Myanmar 2010–present
- Timeline
- List of monarchs
- Military history
This is a list of the monarchs of Burma (Myanmar), covering the monarchs of all the major kingdoms that existed in the present day Burma (Myanmar). Although Burmese tradition maintains that various monarchies of Burma (Mon, Burman, Arakanese), began in 9th century BCE, historically verified data date back only to 1044 CE at the ascension of Anawrahta of Pagan. The farther away the data are from 1044, the less verifiable they are. For example, the founding of the city of Pagan (Bagan) in 9th century is verifiable–although the accuracy of the actual date, given in the Chronicles as 849, remains in question–but the founding of early Pagan dynasty, given as 2nd century, is not.[1]
The names of monarchs and their English spellings as well as the dates here generally follow those by G.E. Harvey and Htin Aung. In some cases, the list uses more accurate dates given by later historians, taking into account that the traditional Burmese calendar straddles the Western calendar. For example, the death years of Kyansittha, Wareru and Nyaungyan are respectively given as 1113, 1307 and 1606 (not 1112, 1306 and 1605 per Harvey and Htin Aung.) Likewise Razadarit's death year is given as 1422–in the middle of 1421 given by Mon sources and 1423 given by Burmese sources.
Contents
Early kingdoms
The monarchs of this era are mostly legendary, and none is attested.[1]
Arakan (to 1430)
- See List of Arakanese monarchs – Arakanese Chronicles report dates back to 2666 BCE. Dates prior to Pagan's conquest of Arakan are completely unattested.
Early Pagan (107–849)
Burmese Chronicles report the founding of Tagaung in 850 BCE by King Abhiraza of the Sakya clan (of the Buddha), and that the Buddha himself visited Burma in his lifetime. The dates here are unattested.
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Thamudarit 107–152 Yathekyaung 152–167 Pyusawhti 167–242 Son-in-law of Thamudarit Htiminyin 242–299 Son Yinminpaik 299–324 Son Paikthili 324–344 Son Thinlikyaung I 344–387 Son Kyaungdurit 387–412 Son Thihtan 412–439 Son Several usurpers 439–494 Tharamunhpya 494–516 Grandson of Thihtan Thaiktaing 516–523 Son Thinlikyaung II 523–532 Son Thinlipaik 532–547 Brother Hkanlaung 547–557 Brother Hkanlat 557–569 Brother Htuntaik 569–582 Son Htunpyit 582–598 Son Htunchit 598–613 Son Popa Sawrahan 613–640 Usurper Shwe Onthi 640–652 Son-in-law Peitthon 652–660 Brother Peittaung 660–710 Son Ngahkwe 710–716 Brother Myinkywe 716–726 Usurper Theinkha 726–734 Elected by court; of royal blood Theinsun 734–744 Son Shwelaung 744–753 Son Htunhtwin 753–762 Son Shwemauk 762–785 Son Munlat 785–802 Brother Sawhkinhnit 802–829 Son Hkelu 829–846 Son Early Hanthawaddy (825–1057)
The list here is per Harvey who reported it from Shwemawdaw Thamaing; the dates are unattested.[2] Other Mon Chronicles give a similar list of rulers from 573 to 781 with no records thereafter, leaving a gap of 276 years to Pagan's conquest of Pegu in 1057.[3] Harvey's list better synchronizes with historically confirmed Pagan dates.
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Thamala 825–837 Founds Pegu (Bago) in 825 Wimala 837-854 Brother Atha 854–861 Nephew Areindama 861–885 Son A monk 885–902 Geinda 902–917 Migadeippa I 917–932 Geissadiya 932–942 Karawika 942–954 Pyinzala 954–967 Son Attatha 967–982 Brother Anuyama 982–994 Nephew Migadeippa II 994–1004 Ekkathamanda 1004–1016 Uppala 1016–1028 Pontarika 1028–1043 Founds Dagon Tissa 1043–1057 Thaton Kingdom (to 1057)
Mon Chronicles report the Thaton kingdom was founded in the lifetime of the Buddha, and that its first king Thiha Raza died in the same year as the Buddha c. 543 BCE.[4] Its last king Manuha, captured by Anawrahta, supposedly was the 59th king of Thaton.
Pagan (849–1287)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Pyinbya 846–878;[5] (874–906)[6] Founded Pagan in 3rd year of reign Tannet 878–906 (906–934) Son Sale Ngahkwe 906–915 (934–943) Usurper Theinhko 915–931 (943–959) Son Nyaung-u Sawrahan 931–964 (959–992) Usurper Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu 964–986 (992–1014) Son of Tannet Kyiso 986–992 (1014–1020) Son of Nyaung-u Sawrahan Sokkate 992–1044 (1020–1044) Brother Anawrahta 1044–1077 Son of Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Founder of Pagan Empire Sawlu 1077–1084 Son Kyanzittha 1084–1113 Half-brother Elected Alaungsithu 1113–1167 Grandson Also grandson of Sawlu Narathu 1167–1170 Son Naratheinkha 1170–1173 Son Narapatisithu 1173–1210 Brother Htilominlo 1210–1234 Son Kyaswa 1234–1250 Son Uzana 1250–1254 Son Narathihapate 1254–1287 Son Last sovereign king of Pagan Kyawswa 1287–1298 Son of Narathihapate Mongol vassal Sawhnit 1298–1325 Son Viceroy of Pagan to Myinsaing Uzana II 1325–1369 Son Viceroy of Pagan Small kingdoms
Myinsaing (1298–1313)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Athinhkaya
Yazathingyan
Thihathu1298–1310
1298–1305
1298–1313Brothers and co-regents Pinya (1313–1364)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Thihathu 1313–1324 Brother of Athinhkaya and Yazathingyan Uzana I 1324–1343 Adopted son Son of Kyawswa of Pagan Kyawswa I (Ngarsishin) 1343–1350 Half-brother Son of Thihathu, brother of Sawyun of Sagaing Kyawswa II 1350–1359 Son Narathu of Pinya 1359–1364 Brother Uzana II 1364 Brother Sagaing (1315–1364)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Sawyun 1315–1323 Son of Thihathu Brother of Kyawswa I of Pinya Tarabya I 1323–1336 Half-brother from mother's side Shwetaungtet 1336–1340 Son Kyaswa of Sagaing 1340–1350 Uncle Son of Sawyun Nawrahta Minye 1350 Brother Tarabya II 1350–1353 Brother Minbyauk Thihapate 1353–1364 Brother-in-law Assassinated by stepson Thadominbya Ava (1364–1555)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Thadominbya 1364–1368 Grandson of Sawyun Swasawke 1368–1400 Elected Grandson of Kyawswa of Pagan and grandnephew of Thihathu Tarabya 1400–1401 Son Minkhaung I 1401–1422 Half-brother Thihathu 1422–1426 Son Minhlange 1426 Son Assassinated Kale Kyetaungnyo 1426–1427 Uncle Mohnyin Thado 1427–1440 Descended from Kyawswa I of Pinya Minyekyawswa 1440–1443 Son Narapati 1443–1468 Brother Thihathura 1469–1481 Son Minkhaung II 1481–1502 Son Thihathura II 1487–1502 Son Joint-king during Minkhaung II's reign Shwenankyawshin 1502–1527 Son of Minkhaung II Thohanbwa 1527–1543 Son of Sawlon of Mohnyin Hkonmaing 1543–1546 Saopha of Thibaw Mobye Narapati 1546–1552 Son Saopha of Mobye (Mong Pai) Sithu Kyawhtin 1552–1555 Saopha of Salin Prome (1482–1542)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Thado Minsaw 1482–1527 Son of Narapati of Ava Bayin Htwe 1527–1533 Son Narapati 1533–1539 Son Minkhaung 1539–1542 Brother Hanthawaddy (1287–1539)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Wareru 1287–1307 Hkun Law 1307–1311 Brother Saw O 1311–1324 Nephew Saw Zein 1324–1331 Brother Zein Pun 1331 Usurper Saw E 1331 Nephew of Saw Zein Binnya E Law 1331–1348 Uncle Son of Hkun Law Binnya U 1348–1384 Nephew Son of Saw Zein Razadarit 1384–1422 Son Binnya Dhammaraza 1422–1426 Son Binnya Ran I 1426–1446 Brother Binnya Waru 1446–1450 Nephew Binnya Kyan 1450–1453 Cousin Son of Binnya Dhamaraza Leik Munhtaw 1453 Cousin Son of Binnya Ran Shin Sawbu 1453–1472 Aunt Daughter of Razadarit Dhammazedi 1472–1492 Son in law Binnya Ran II 1492–1526 Son Takayutpi 1526–1539 Son Smim Sawhtut 1550 Claimant to throne Smim Htaw 1550–1552 Brother of Takayutpi Claimant to throne Mrauk-U (1430–1784)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Min Saw Mon 1430–1434 Son of Razathu Moved capital to Mrauk-U in 1433 Min Khari 1434–1459 Brother Ba Saw Phyu 1459–1482 Son Dawlya 1482–1492 Son Ba Saw Nyo 1492–1494 Uncle, son of Min Khari Ran Aung 1494 Nephew, son of Dawlya Salin Gathu 1494–1501 Maternal uncle Min Raza 1501–1523 Son Gazapati 1523–1525 Son Min Saw O 1525 Granduncle, brother of Salin Gathu Thatasa 1525–1531 Son of Dawlya Min Bin 1531–1553 Son of Min Raza Dikha 1553–1555 Son Saw Hla 1555–1564 Son Min Setya 1564–1571 Brother Min Palaung 1571–1593 Son of Min Bin Min Razagyi 1593–1612 Son Min Khamaung 1612–1622 Son Thiri Thudhamma 1622–1638 Son Min Sani 1638 Son reigned 28 days Narapati 1638–1645 Great-grandson of Thasata Thado 1645–1652 Nephew Sanda Thudhamma 1652–1684 Son Thiri Thuriya 1684–1685 Son Wara Dhammaraza 1685–1692 Brother Muni Thuddhammaraza 1692–1694 Brother Sanda Thuriya I 1694–1696 Brother Nawrahta Zaw 1696 Son reigned 15 days Mayokpiya 1696–1697 Usurper Kalamandat 1697–1698 Usurper Naradipati I 1698–1700 Son of Sanda Thuriya Sanda Wimala I 1700–1706 Grandson of Thado Sanda Thuriya II 1706–1710 Grandson of Sanda Thudhamma Sanda Wizaya 1710–1731 Usurper Sanda Thuriya III 1731–1734 Son-in-law Naradipati II 1734–1735 Son Narapawara 1735–1737 Usurper Sanda Wizaya 1737 Cousin reigned 8 months Madarit 1737–1742 Brother Nara Apaya 1742–1761 Uncle Thirithu 1761 Son reigned 3 months Sanda Parama 1761–1764 Brother Apaya 1764–1773 Brother-in-law Sanda Thumana 1773–1777 Brother-in-law Sanda Wimala II 1777 Usurper Reigned 40 days Sanda Thaditha 1777–1782 Lord of Ramree Thamada 1782–1784 Toungoo (1510–1752)
Capitals: Toungoo (1510–1539), Pegu (1539–1635), Ava (1635–1752)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Mingyinyo 1510–1530 Viceroy of Toungoo, 1486–1510 Tabinshwehti 1530–1550 Son Bayinnaung 1551–1581 Brother-in-law Nanda 1581–1599 Son Assassinated; nephew of Tabinshwehti Nyaungyan 1599–1606 Half-brother Anaukpetlun 1606–1628 Son Minyedeippa 1628–1629 Son Thalun 1629–1648 Uncle Pindale 1648–1661 Son Pye 1661–1672 Brother Narawara 1672–1673 Son Minyekyawdin 1673–1698 Nephew Sanay 1698–1714 Son Taninganway 1714–1733 Son Mahadhammaraza Dipadi 1733–1752 Son Restored Hanthawaddy (1740–1757)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Smim Htaw Buddhaketi 1740–1747 Abdicated Binnya Dala 1747–1757 Konbaung (1752–1885)
Capitals: Shwebo (1752–1760); Sagaing (1760–1764); Ava (1764–1783, 1823–1837), Amarapura (1783–1823, 1837–1857), Mandalay (1857–1885)
Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Alaungpaya 1752–1760 Naungdawgyi 1760–1763 Son Hsinbyushin 1763–1776 Brother Alaungpaya's second son Singu 1776–1782 Son Assassinated Phaungka 1782 Cousin Son of Naungdawgyi Bodawpaya 1782–1819 Uncle Alaungpaya's fourth son Bagyidaw 1819–1837 Grandson Deposed Tharrawaddy 1837–1846 Brother Pagan 1846–1853 Son Deposed Mindon 1853–1878 Brother Thibaw 1878–1885 Son See also
- List of heirs to the Burmese thrones
- List of Arakanese monarchs
- List of Shan States rulers
References
- ^ a b GE Harvey (1925). "Genealogical Tables". History of Burma. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.. p. 364.
- ^ Harvey, History of Burma, p. 368
- ^ Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. Phayre (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta. p. 289.
- ^ Phyare, p. 288
- ^ As given in various chronicles, which fix Anawrahta's year of ascension as 1010 or 1017 both of which have been proven incorrect.
- ^ Calculated by Anawrahta's verified year of ascension, 1044
- Htin Aung, A History of Burma, Cambridge University Press, New York and London, 1967
- Harvey, G.E., History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824, Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., London, 1925
- Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P., History of Burma, London, 2nd Edition, 1967
Burmese monarchs Pagan Dynasty
849–1298Pyinbya · Tannet · Sale Ngahkwe · Theinhko · Nyaung-u Sawrahan · Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu · Kyiso · Sokkate · Anawrahta · Sawlu · Kyansittha · Alaungsithu · Narathu · Naratheinkha · Narapatisithu · Htilominlo · Kyaswa · Uzana · Narathihapate · Kyawswa1Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms
1298–1364Athinhkaya2, Yazathingyan2 and Thihathu2 · Thihathu · Uzana I · Kyawswa I · Kyawswa II · Narathu · Uzana IISagaing Kingdom
1315–1364Ava Kingdom
1364–1555Thadominbya · Swasawke · Tarabya · Minkhaung I · Thihathu · Minhlange · Kale Kyetaungnyo · Mohnyin Thado · Minyekyawswa · Narapati I · Thihathura · Minkhaung II2 and Thihathura II2 · Narapati II · Thohanbwa3 · Hkonmaing3 · Narapati III3 · Narapati IV3Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1287–1539, 1550–1552Wareru · Hkun Law · Saw O · Saw Zein · Zein Pun · Saw E · Binnya E Law · Binnya U · Razadarit · Binnya Dhammaraza · Binnya Ran I · Binnya Waru · Binnya Kyan · Leik Munhtaw · Shin Sawbu · Dhammazedi · Binnya Ran II · Takayutpi · Smim Sawhtut4 · Smim Htaw4Mrauk U Kingdom
1430–1784Min Saw Mon · Min Khari · Ba Saw Phyu · Dawlya · Ba Saw Nyo · Ran Aung · Salin Gathu · Min Raza · Gazapati · Min Saw O · Thasata · Min Bin · Dikkha · Saw Hla · Min Sekkya · Min Phalaung · Min Razagyi · Min Khamaung · Thiri Thudhamma · Min Sani · Narapati · Thado · Sanda Thudhamma · Thiri Thuriya · Wara Dhammaraza · Muni Thudhammaraza · Sanda Thuriya I · Nawrahta Zaw · Mayuppiya · Kalamandat · Naradipati · Sanda Wimala I · Sanda Thuriya II · Sanda Wizaya · Sanda Thuriya III · Naradipati II · Narapawara · Sanda Wizala · Madarit · Naraapaya · Thirithu · Sanda Parama · Apaya · Sanda Thumana · Sanda Wimala II · Sanda Thaditha · ThamadaProme Kingdom
1482–1542Toungoo Dynasty
1510–1752Mingyinyo · Tabinshwehti · Bayinnaung · Nanda · Nyaungyan · Anaukpetlun · Minyedeippa · Thalun · Pindale · Pye · Narawara · Minyekyawdin · Sanay · Taninganway · Mahadhammaraza DipadiRestored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1740–1757Smim Htaw Buddhaketi · Binnya DalaKonbaung Dynasty
1752–1885Alaungpaya · Naungdawgyi · Hsinbyushin · Singu · Phaungka · Bodawpaya · Bagyidaw · Tharrawaddy · Pagan · Mindon · Thibaw1Mongol vassal (1297–1298) 2Co-Regents 3Confederation of Shan States (1527–1555) 4Brief revival (1550–1552) 5Vassal of Confederation of Shan States (1533–1542)Leaders of present-day Southeast Asian countries Heads of state Heads of government Brunei · Cambodia · East Timor · Indonesia (list) · Laos · Malaysia · Myanmar · Papua New Guinea · Philippines (list) · Singapore · Thailand (list) · VietnamDefunct heads of state and government Categories:- Burmese monarchy
- Burma-related lists
- Lists of monarchs
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