Alford, Massachusetts

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Alford, Massachusetts
nickname =
motto =


imagesize =
image_caption = The state line at Route 71, with a Knox Trail marker beside the road sign.
image_

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mapsize = 250px
map_caption = Location in Berkshire County in Massachusetts


mapsize1 =
map_caption1 =
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = Massachusetts
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Berkshire
established_title = Settled
established_date = 1740
established_title2 = Incorporated
established_date2 = 1773
established_title3 =
established_date3 =
government_type = Open town meeting
leader_title =
leader_name =
leader_title1 =
leader_name1 =
area_magnitude =
area_total_km2 = 29.9
area_total_sq_mi = 11.6
area_land_km2 = 29.9
area_land_sq_mi = 11.6
area_water_km2 = 0.0
area_water_sq_mi = 0.0
population_as_of = 2000
settlement_type = Town
population_total = 399
population_density_km2 = 13.3
population_density_sq_mi = 34.5
elevation_m = 256
elevation_ft = 839
timezone = Eastern
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST = Eastern
utc_offset_DST = -4
latd = 42 |latm = 14 |lats = 08 |latNS = N
longd = 73 |longm = 24 |longs = 50 |longEW = W
website = http://www.mass.gov/cc/alford.html
postal_code_type = ZIP code
postal_code = 01230
area_code = 413
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 25-00975
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = 0618263
footnotes =

Alford is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 399 at the 2000 census.

History

Alford was first settled in 1756 as part of a purchase of land from the Shauanum Stockbridge Mahican tribe by a group led by Timothy Woodbridge. The town, originally part of Great Barrington, separated in 1769 and was officially incorporated in 1773. It was named for Colonel John Alford of Charlestown, who was known for his work in preaching Christianity to Native Americans, and for sponsoring a theology professorship at Harvard College's Divinity School. [ [http://www.townofalford.org/history.htm Town History - Town of Alford, Mass.] ] The town has been mostly agricultural throughout its existence, although several small mills existed in the nineteenth century, as well as a marble quarry.

Around New Year's Day, 1776, General Henry Knox passed into Massachusetts through the town, bringing cannons from Fort Ticonderoga eastward to help end the Siege of Boston. Today, this route is known as the Knox Trail, and a marker is located at the state line.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 11.6 square miles (29.9 km²), all of it land. Alford lies along the western border of Berkshire County and Massachusetts, east of Columbia County, New York. The town, which is roughly shaped like an arrowhead, is bordered by West Stockbridge to the northeast, Great Barrington to the southeast, Egremont to the south, and Hillsdale and Austerlitz, New York to the west. Alford is located 19 miles south-southwest of Pittsfield, 50 miles west-northwest of Springfield, and 138 miles east of Boston.

Alford is surrounded by hills and mountains of the Taconic Range. The Green River, a tributary of the Housatonic River, flows through the southwest corner of town, and the Alford Brook flows through the central part of town, eventually flowing into the Green River in neighboring Great Barrington. Several other brooks flow into these two waterways. To the northeast of town, Tom Ball Mountain peaks just over the town line in West Stockbridge, with its western face being somewhat marshy.

Alford is home to the western terminus of Massachusetts Route 71, a short continuation of New York State Route 71. The Knox Trail follows this route into the state, and the road heads southeastward into Egremont before ending in Great Barrington. There are no other state routes in the town, with few local roads crossing through town. The nearest interstate, Interstate 90 (the Massachusetts Turnpike), passes through neighboring West Stockbridge, with its "turn-around" Exit 1 being 8 miles north of the town. The nearest rail, bus and air service is in Great Barrington, and the nearest national flights can be found at Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 399 people, 171 households, and 114 families residing in the town. By population, Alford ranks twenty-ninth out of the 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County, and is ninth-smallest of the 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts. The population density was 34.5 people per square mile (13.3/km²), which ranks 21st in the county and 326th in the Commonwealth. There were 279 housing units at an average density of 24.1/sq mi (9.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 99.00% White, 0.75% African American, and 0.25% from two or more races.

There were 171 households out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the town the population was spread out with 20.8% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 18.0% from 25 to 44, 41.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $49,632, and the median income for a family was $62,344. Males had a median income of $47,083 versus $28,929 for females. The per capita income for the town was $40,412. About 2.8% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Alford uses the open town meeting form of government, and is led by a board of selectmen. The town has its own police, fire and public works departments, but does not have its own post office (it shares the North Egremont, Great Barrington, and West Stockbridge post offices). The town's library is connected to the regional library system. The nearest hospital, Fairview Hospital, is located in neighboring Great Barrington.

On the state level, Alford is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives by the Fourth Berkshire district, which covers southern Berkshire County, as well as the westernmost towns in Hampden County. In the Massachusetts Senate, the town is represented by the Berkshire, Hampshire and Franklin district, which includes all of Berkshire County and western Hampshire and Franklin Counties. [ [http://www.mass.gov/legis/citytown.htm Senators and Representatives by City and Town] ] The town is patrolled by the First (Lee) Station of Barracks "B" of the Massachusetts State Police. [ [http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=eopsterminal&L=5&L0=Home&L1=Law+Enforcement+%26+Criminal+Justice&L2=Law+Enforcement&L3=State+Police+Troops&L4=Troop+B&sid=Eeops&b=terminalcontent&f=msp_divisions_field_services_troops_troop_b_msp_field_troop_b_station_b1&csid=Eeops Station B-1, SP Lee] ]

On the national level, Alford is represented in the United States House of Representatives as part of Massachusetts's 1st congressional district, and has been represented by John Olver of Amherst since June 1991. Massachusetts is represented in the United States Senate by senior Senator Ted Kennedy and junior Senator John Kerry.

Education

Alford is the northernmost of the five-town Southern Berkshire Regional School District (a sixth town, Mount Washington, also sends its students to the district's schools). Students in Egremont, Alford and Mount Washington attend the Egremont School for kindergarten and first grades, with second through sixth grades attending the Undermountain Elementary School in Sheffield, and Mount Everett Regional School in Sheffield for grades 7-12. [ [http://www.sbrsd.org Southern Berkshire Regional School District homepage] ] There are private schools in Great Barrington and other nearby towns.

The nearest community college is the South County Center of Berkshire Community College in Great Barrington. The nearest state college is Westfield State College, and the nearest state university is the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The nearest private college is Bard College at Simon's Rock in Great Barrington.

Notable residents

* John W. Hulbert, (1770-1831), born in Alford, lawyer and United States Congressman from Massachusettscite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | location=Chicago | date = 1963]
* Carolyn Gold Heilbrun, mystery writer, once had a summer home in town. [Ibid. 1]
* Susan Smith Anderson, first female graduate (1920) of Massachusetts Agricultural College, now UMass-Amherst. [Ibid. 1]

References

External links

* [http://www.townofalford.org Town website]