FN SCAR

FN SCAR (Mk 16/17 Mod 0)
The standard length 3rd Generation SCAR-L (top) and SCAR-H (bottom).
Type	Assault rifle (SCAR-L) Battle rifle (SCAR-H)
Place of origin	Belgium  United States
Service history
In service	2009-present
Used by	See Users
Wars	Afghanistan War [1]
Production history
Manufacturer	FNH USA
Variants	SCAR-L (Mk 16 Mod 0) SCAR-H (Mk 17 Mod 0)
Specifications
Weight	3.04 kg (6.7 lb) (SCAR-L Short) 3.29 kg (7.3 lb) (SCAR-L Standard) 3.49 kg (7.7 lb) (SCAR-L Long) 3.58 kg (7.9 lb) (SCAR-H Short & Standard) 3.72 kg (8.2 lb) (SCAR-H Long)
Barrel length	254 mm (10.0 in) (SCAR-L Short) 368 mm (14.5 in) (SCAR-L Standard) 457 mm (18.0 in) (SCAR-L Long) 330 mm (13 in) (SCAR-H Short) 400 mm (16 in) (SCAR-H Standard) 500 mm (20 in) (SCAR-H Long)
Cartridge	5.56×45mm NATO (SCAR-L) 7.62×51mm NATO, 7.62×39mm[2] (SCAR-H)
Action	Gas-operated (short-stroke gas piston), rotating bolt
Rate of fire	625 rounds/min [3]
Muzzle velocity	SCAR-L: 2,870 ft/s (870 m/s) (M855) SCAR-L: 2,630 ft/s (800 m/s) (Mk 262) SCAR-H: 2,342 ft/s (714 m/s) (M80)
Effective range	SCAR-L: 300 metres (330 yd) (Short), 500 metres (550 yd) (Standard), 600 metres (660 yd) (Long) SCAR-H: 300 metres (330 yd) (Short), 600 metres (660 yd) (Standard), 800 metres (870 yd) (Long)
Feed system	SCAR-L: STANAG box magazine SCAR-H: 20-round box magazine
Sights	Iron or various optics

The Special Operations Forces (SOF) Combat Assault Rifle,^[4][5] or SCAR, is a modular rifle made by FN Herstal (FNH) for the United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) to satisfy the requirements of the SCAR competition.^[6] This family of rifles consist of two main types. The SCAR-L, for light, is chambered in the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge and the SCAR-H, for heavy, fires 7.62×51mm NATO. Both are available in Long Barrel and Close Quarters Combat variants.

The FN SCAR systems completed low rate initial production testing in June 2007.^[7] After some delays, the first rifles began being issued to operational units in April 2009, and a battalion of the US 75th Ranger Regiment was the first large unit deployed into combat with 600 of the rifles in 2009.^[8] The US Special Operations Command has currently cancelled their purchase of the Mk 16 SCAR-L and are planning to remove the rifle from their inventory by 2013. However, they plan to purchase 5.56 mm conversion kits for the Mk 17, supplanting the loss of the Mk 16. ^[9] The Mk 16 is now one of the competing weapons in the Individual Carbine competition which aims to find a replacement for the M4 Carbine.^[10]

Overview

SCAR-L equipped U.S. Army Rangers on the infield of the Lowes Motor Speedway

The SCAR is manufactured in two main versions; Light (SCAR-L, Mk 16 Mod 0) and Heavy (SCAR-H, Mk 17 Mod 0). The L version fires 5.56×45mm NATO using improved STANAG (M16) magazines. The H fires the more powerful 7.62×51mm NATO from a newly designed 20-round magazine. Different length barrels will be available for close quarters battle and for longer-range engagements. The initial solicitation indicated that the SCAR-H would also be chambered for the 7.62×39mm M43 Kalashnikov cartridge and 6.8×43mm Remington SPC cartridge. However, FN is not currently offering other calibers.

The Mk 20 Sniper Support Rifle is based on the 7.62mm Mk 17 rifle. It includes a longer receiver, a beefed up barrel extension and barrel profile to reduce whip and improve accuracy and an enhanced modular trigger that can be configured for single-stage or two-stage operation together with a non folding precision stock.^[11]

The Mk 16 Mod 0 was intended to replace the M4A1, the Mk 18 CQBR and the Mk 12 SPR currently in SOCOM service, before SOCOM decided to cancel the order for the Mk 16 Mod 0 (see below). The Mk 17 Mod 0 will replace the M14 and Mk 11 sniper rifles.

The SCAR features an integral, uninterrupted Picatinny rail on the top of the aluminum receiver, two removable side rails and a bottom one that can mount any MIL-STD-1913 compliant accessories. It has a polymer lower receiver with an M16 compatible pistol grip, flared magazine well, and raised area around magazine and bolt release buttons. The front sight flips down for unobstructed use of optics and accessories. The rifle uses a 'tappet' type of closed gas system much like the M1 Carbine while the bolt carrier otherwise resembles the Stoner 63 or Heckler & Koch G36.

The SCAR is built at the FN Manufacturing LLC, plant in Columbia, South Carolina, United States. Fabrique Nationale introduced a semi-automatic version of the SCAR modular rifle system, the 16S (Light) and 17S (Heavy), at the end of 2008.^[12][13] This version of the SCAR is designed for the law enforcement and commercial markets, and is manufactured in Herstal, Belgium and imported by FNH USA, Fredricksburg, Virginia, United States. FNH USA slightly modifies the rifle (supplying a U.S. made magazine and machining a pin in the magazine well) to be in compliance with U.S. Code before selling them.

Evolution

An early prototype of the SCAR-L.

In July 2007, the US Army announced a limited competition between the M4 Carbine, FN SCAR, HK416, and the previously-shelved HK XM8. Ten examples of each of the four competitors were involved. During the testing, 60,000 rounds apiece were fired from each of the carbines in an "extreme dust environment". The purpose of the shootoff was for assessing future needs, not to select a replacement for the M4.^[14]

During the test, the SCAR suffered 226 stoppages. Since a percentage of each weapons' stoppages were caused by magazine failures, the FN SCAR, XM8 and HK 416 performed statistically similarly.^[15] The FN SCAR ranked second to the XM8 with 127 stoppages, but with fewer stoppages compared to the M4 with 882 stoppages and the HK 416 with 233. This test was based on two previous systems assessments that were conducted using the M4 Carbine and M16 rifle at Aberdeen in 2006 and the summer of 2007 before the third limited competition in the fall of 2007. The 2006 test focused only on the M4 and M16. The Summer 2007 test had only the M4, but increased lubrication. Results from the second test resulted in a total of 307 stoppages for the M4 after lubrication was increased, but did not explain why the M4 suffered 882 stoppages with that same level of lubrication in the third test.^[16][17]

The SCAR was one of the weapons displayed to U.S. Army officials during an invitation-only Industry Day on November 13, 2008. The goal of the Industry Day was to review current carbine technology for any situation prior to writing formal requirements for a future replacement for the M4 Carbine.^[18][19]

Acceptance

On May 4, 2010, a press release on FNH USA's official website announced the SCAR Acquisition Decision Memorandum was finalized on April 14, 2010. This is an approval for the entire weapons family of the Mk16 SCAR Light, Mk17 SCAR Heavy and the Enhanced Grenade Launcher Module.^[20]

In late October 2010 SOCOM approved full-rate production of the Mk 20 sniper variant of the SCAR, with fielding expected to begin in mid-May 2011.^[11]

Enhanced Grenade Launching Module

The FN40GL, or Mk 13 Mod 0

Introduced in 2004 as an addition, the Enhanced Grenade Launching Module^[21] (EGLM), officially referred to as the FN40GL, or Mk 13 Mod 0, is a 40 mm grenade launcher based on the 'GL1' designed for the F2000. The FN40GL is marketed in both an L and H model, for fitting the appropriate SCAR variant.^[22] The EGLM system features a double action trigger and a swing out chamber. These offer two advantages over the M203 system, the first being that the launcher does not need to be re-cocked if the grenade does not fire, and the latter being that longer grenades can be used. Like the M203 the FN40GL uses the same High-Low Propulsion System.

IAR variant

In 2008, a variant of the FN SCAR—the Heat Adaptive Modular Rifle (HAMR)—was one of four finalist rifles for the Infantry Automatic Rifle (IAR) competition. The IAR is a United States Marine Corps requirement for a lightweight automatic rifle for squad automatic rifle use.^[23] The FN entrant is different from existing SCAR versions in that it combines closed bolt operation (fires from bolt forward/chambered cartridge) with open bolt operation (fires from bolt to the rear, no chambered cartridge), switching automatically from closed to open bolt as the weapon's barrel heats up during firing. There have been previous firearms with mixed open/closed bolt operation, but the automatic temperature-based operating mode switch is an innovation. The IAR competition was expected to result in Marine Corps procurement of up to 6,500 automatic rifles over five years,^[24] but eventually the SCAR variant was passed over in favor of the Heckler and Koch HK416 rifle,^[25] later designated as the M27.^[26]

Purchase

On January 23, 2004, US SOCOM issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for solicitation USZA22-04-R-0001. The following amounts were projected for procurement:[2]

Item/Configuration	Engineering Test Units	Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP)	Production
SCAR-L (Order Halted)
Standard	12	250	83,738
CQC	6	80	27,914
Sniper Variant (SV)	1	10	11,989
SCAR-H (Order Active)
Standard	1	68	14,931
CQC	0	10	6,990
Sniper Variant (SV)	0	10	11,990
Standard (7.62×51mm)	0	68	2,932

MK-16 Cancellation/MK-17 Preference

On June 25, 2010 SOCOM announced that it was canceling the acquisition of the MK-16 citing limited funds and a lack of enough of a performance difference in another 5.56mm rifle to justify the purchase. Remaining funds would be expended for the MK-17 7.62×51 mm version and the MK-20 sniper variant.^[27] "FNH USA believes the issue is not whether the SCAR, and specifically the [originally contracted] MK 16 variant, is the superior weapon system available today ... it has already been proven to be just that, ... recently passing Milestone C and determined to be operationally effective / operationally suitable (OE/OS) for fielding. The issue is whether or not the requirement for a 5.56mm replacement outweighs the numerous other requirements competing for the customers’ limited budget. That is a question that will only be determined by the customer." ^[28] FN Herstal though has stated that the 5.56mm variant will be retained by SOCOM, and that "The choice between the 5.56 and the 7.62 caliber will be left to the discretion of each constitutive component of USSOCOM's Joint Command (e.g. SEALs, Rangers, Army Special Forces, MARSOC, AFSOC) depending on their specific missions on today's battlefield." ^[29]

As of August 19, 2010 word from US Special Operations Command has not changed. SOCOM has decided to procure the 7.62 mm MK-17 rifle, the 40mm MK-13 grenade launcher and the 7.62mm MK-20 Sniper Support rifle variants of the Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifle (SCAR) manufactured by FN. SOCOM will not purchase the 5.56mm MK-16. At this point the individual service component commands within SOCOM (Army Special Operations Command, Naval Special Warfare Command, Air Force Special Operations Command, and Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command) may or may not still buy the 5.56mm MK-16 SCAR for some or all of their respective subordinate units even with overall US Special Operations Command opting not to.^[30]

Users

•  Mexico: Federal Police (Mexico).^{[citation needed]}
•  Peru: The Grupo de Fuerzas Especiales (GRUFE) of the Peruvian Armed Forces purchased the SCAR-H variant in 2009.^[31]
•  Poland: Grupa Reagowania Operacyjno-Manewrowego (GROM) special forces group.^[32][33], Biuro Ochrony Rządu ^[34]
•  United States: U.S. Armed Forces.^[35]

See also

• Individual Carbine
• List of battle rifles

References

Notes

1. ^ "DH.be - Une arme liégeoise en Afghanistan". Dhnet.be. 2010-08-23. http://www.dhnet.be/infos/belgique/article/322568/une-arme-liegeoise-en-afghanistan.html. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
2. ^ [1] FN SCAR at Modern Firearms. Retrieved on March 02, 2011.
3. ^ "FN SCAR. The Next Generation of Assault Rifles". FNH USA. http://fnhusa1.com/PDF/FN_MIL_SCAR.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
4. ^ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 2006-07-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20060701110329/http://www.fnhusa.com/contents/News/PDFs/3-2-06_FN_SCAR_2.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
5. ^ FN HERSTAL ANNOUNCES SCAR AS OPERATIONALLY SUITABLE, OPERATIONALLY EFFECTIVE – APPROVED FOR COMBAT USE, May 12, 2009, accessed Sept 4, 2009
6. ^ Humphries, Michael. FN's SCAR: A Cut Above, American Rifleman, July 2009.
7. ^ Defense Tech: Meet the SCAR
8. ^ 75th Rangers will take SCAR to War, Matthew Cox, Army Times, May 12, 2009
9. ^ http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2011SOFIC/Wed1015Rms24_25Carley.pdf
10. ^ Fuller, BG Peter N.; COL Douglas A. Tamilio (18 MAY 2010). "Project Manager Soldier Weapons Briefing for NDIA". PEO Soldier. United States Army. http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2010armament/TuesdayLandmarkBTamilio.pdf. Retrieved 17 November 2011. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Wasseby, Daniel (2010). "SCAR Variant approved for full-rate production". Janes Defence Weekly (Janes) 47 (51): 11. 
12. ^ Civilian-Legal FN SCAR 16S Delivered at End of 2008, All Gone
13. ^ FNHUSA.com SCAR Semi-auto
14. ^ Army Agrees to M4 Sand Test Shoot-Off
15. ^ "Newer carbines outperform M4 in dust test - Army News | News from Afghanistan & Iraq". Army Times. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2007/12/army_carbine_dusttest_071217/. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
16. ^ Defense Tech: ...And Here's the Rest of the M4 Story
17. ^ Newer carbines outperform M4 in dust test - Army News, opinions, editorials, news from Iraq, photos, reports - Army Times
18. ^ "Army considers options in replacing the M4 - Army News | News from Afghanistan & Iraq". Army Times. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2008/11/army_carbineday_112308w/. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
19. ^ "Military Photos: military images, military pictures, Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines". Military Times. 2007-02-16. http://www.militarytimes.com/multimedia/photo/replacing_the_m4/. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
20. ^ "Press Release Detail". Fnh Usa. http://www.fnhusa.com/le/press/detail.asp?id=82. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
21. ^ "Fnh Usa". Fnh Usa. http://www.fnhusa.com/mil/scar.asp. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
22. ^ FNHerstal.com Grenade Launchers
23. ^ FN Herstal Announces FN IAR Award, accessed February 5, 2009
24. ^ United States Navy press release regarding Contract #3928
25. ^ Lamothe, Dan (December 14, 2009). "Frontrunner chosen in IAR contest". Marine Corps Times. p. 20. 
26. ^ Lamothe, Dan (July 2, 2010). "Conway eyes additional testing for auto-rifle". Marine Corps Times. http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/07/marine_IAR_070110w/. Retrieved 2 July 2010. 
27. ^ "Spec Ops Command Cancels New Rifle". Military.com. 2010-06-25. http://www.military.com/news/article/spec-ops-command-cancels-new-rifle.html. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
28. ^ "FNH USA Stands Behind the SCAR Rifle Program". Ammoland.com. 2010-07-01. http://www.ammoland.com/2010/07/01/fnh-usa-stands-behind-the-scar-rifle-program/. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
29. ^ FN 5.56 SCAR Retained in USSOCOM's Inventory
30. ^ SCAR Mk-16 Reverb (To Buy or Not To Buy)
31. ^ Taibo, Javier. "Así fue SITDEF 2009" (in Spanish). Defensa. http://www.defensa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=912:asi-fue-sitdef-2009&catid=113:asi-fue-sitdef-2009&Itemid=288. Retrieved February 9, 2010. 
32. ^ Wilk (REMOV), Remigiusz. "Nowe gromy GROM". http://www.altair.com.pl/cz-art-1660. 
33. ^ "GROM Utility and Equipment". http://grom.mil.pl/uzbrojenie_pliki/UZBROJENIE.HTM. Retrieved 2009-08-02. 
34. ^ "SCAR and BOR (polish secret service)". 
35. ^ "Press Release Detail". Fnh Usa. 2009-05-12. http://www.fnhusa.com/mil/press/detail.asp?id=59. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 

Bibliography

• Douglas, Dave (March 2010). "The FNH SCAR". GUNS Magazine (Publishers' Development Corporation) 56, no. 3 (652): 40–45. ISSN 7359567512. 

Online

• Lowe, Christian (July 29, 2008). "Operators Test New Commando Rifle". Military.com. http://www.military.com/news/article/operators-test-new-commando-rifle.html?ESRC=dod.nl. Retrieved 15 April 2010. 

External links

• Official FN assault rifles page
• Official FNH USA FN SCAR military page
• Official FNH USA FN SCAR commercial page
• FN SCAR 16S / 17S owner's manual
• FN SCAR promotional article

Video

• FNH USA SCAR 16S Promotional Video