- Act Zluky
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The Unification Act (Ukrainian: Акт Злуки, Act Zluky) was an agreement signed on January 22, 1919 by the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic on the St. Sophia Square in Kiev. Since 1999 the Day of Unity of Ukraine, celebrated every year on 22 January to mark the signing of the treaty, is a state holiday;[1][2] it is not a public holiday.[3]
A copy of the Act Zluky, signed on January 22, 1918.
Contents
History
The agreement was aimed at creating a unified Ukrainian state, a movement long awaited by the intelligentsia on both sides.[4] However, the Act Zluky was regarded as purely symbolic in that both governments still retained their own separate armies, administrations and government structure.[4]
The text of the universal made by the Directorate of the Ukrainian People's Republic:
The territory of Ukraine, divided over the centuries, including Galicia, Bukovyna, Carpathian Ruthenia, and Dnieper Ukraine will now become a great united Ukraine. Dreams, for which the best sons of Ukraine fought and died for, have come true.[5]
According to the treaty Galicia would become an autonomous part of Ukraine.[6]
However Ukraine was unable to gain independence and in December 1920 the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union was established comprising most the territory of the Ukrainian People's Republic.[7] The territories of the West Ukrainian People's Republic became mostly part of Poland.[7] In 1939 the territories of both became part of the Ukrainian SSR.[7]
Over 300,000 Ukrainians participated in the human chain on January 21, 1990.71st anniversary
To mark the 71st anniversary of the signing of the Act Zluky in 1990, over 300,000 Ukrainians[8] created a human chain (approx. 482 km (300 mi))[8] from the capital Kiev to the western Ukrainian city of Lviv on January 21, 1990.[9][10] The chain, the largest public demonstration in Ukraine since the beginning of Glasnost,[8] was funded by the People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh).[8] Also, for the first time since the period of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the blue and yellow national flag was raised.[11]
Day of Unity of Ukraine
On January 21, 1999, the President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma issued a decree, creating a government holiday the "Day of Reunion of Ukraine" (Ukrainian: День Соборностi України, Den’ Sobornosti Ukrayiny), which is celebrated every year on January 22[12] to mark the political and historical significance of the agreement.[1] It is not a public holiday.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b Yanukovych condemns attempts to undermine unity, Kyiv Post (21 January 2011)
- ^ The Day of Unity, opinion-times.com
- ^ a b Culture Smart! Ukraine by Anna Shevchenko, Kuperard, 2006, ISBN 9781857333275
- ^ a b Subtelny, Orest (2000). Ukraine: A History. University of Toronto Press. pp. 362. ISBN 0-8020-8390-0.
- ^ “Віднині на всіх українських землях, розділених віками, Галичині, Буковині, Закарпатській Русі й Наддніпрянщині буде єдина велика Україна. Мрії, задля запровадження яких найкращі сини України боролися і вмирали, стали дійсністю.” "Акт Злуки" (in Ukrainian). Ukrainian Wikipedia. http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Акт_Злуки. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ The Moulding of Ukraine:The Constitutional Politics of State Formation by Kataryna Wolczuk, Central European University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-9639241251 (page 44)
- ^ a b c Europa World Year Book 2-2004 publication, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 978-1857432558 (page 4292)
- ^ a b c d Subtelny, p. 576.
- ^ Rohoza, Borys. "Great Zluka" (in Ukrainian). Khreshchatyk (Hornyak). http://media.gorod.dn.ua/smi/view_article.cgi?sid=23&nid=812&aid=8951. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ "Yushchenko asked the political elite to celebrate the Day of Reunion" (in Ukrainian). Korrespondent. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930181653/http://www.korespondent.net/main/46523. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ Orel, Svitlana. "We cannot forget" (in Ukrainian). Vechirka.com.ua. http://www.vechirka.com.ua/history/xxcen/2201134803.php. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- ^ Laws of Ukraine. Presidential decree No. 42/99: On Day of Reunion of Ukraine. Passed on 1999-01-21. (Ukrainian)
External links
- "Reunion Day". Press office of President Victor Yushchenko. Official website of the President of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 2007-08-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20070818212633/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/data/25_5653.html. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- "Informational materials of the day of signing of the Act Zluky between the Ukrainian National Republic and the Western-Ukrainian National Republic" (in Ukrainian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. http://www.mfa.gov.ua/mfa/ua/publication/content/8005.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
- Kulchytskyi, Stanislav. Злука чи возз’днання? in Zerkalo Nedeli, January 19–25, 2002. Available in
Ukrainian Revolution February Revolution · October Revolution · Kiev Bolshevik Uprising · January Uprising · Treaty of Brest-Litovsk · Act ZlukyMajor groups Russian Provisional Government · Tsentralna Rada · Rada Minor · General Secretariat · Council of People's Ministers · Directoria · Army · Constituent Assembly · Labor CongressPolitical parties USDRP (Socialists-Sovereigns) · UPSF · Bolsheviks · RPSR · UPSR (Borotbists) · Fareynikte · The Bund · Polish Democratic Center PartyMajor figures Nicholas II of Russia · Mykhailo Hrushevsky · Volodymyr Vynnychenko · Alexander Kerensky · Vsevolod Holubovych · Symon Petliura · Serhiy Yefremov · Volodymyr Zatonsky · Georgiy Pyatakov · Ivan KulikCategories:- History of Ukraine
- 1919 in law
- 1919 in Ukraine
- National revivals
- National unifications
- Ukrainian unification
- Ukrainian national liberation
- Unity days
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