Kent Ridge Park

The Vigilante Drive entrance to Kent Ridge Park. In the background lies a decommissioned M114 155 mm howitzer gun donated by Singapore's Ministry of Defence.

Kent Ridge Park (Chinese: 肯特岗公园) is a 47-hectare public park in western Singapore, between the National University of Singapore and the Singapore Science Park. Due to its undisturbed habitat and abundant plant life, it is a popular venue for bird-watchers and eco-tourists.

During the Second World War, a hill in the park was the site of one of the last and fiercest battles fought by the Malay Regiment against the invading Japanese army, the Battle of Bukit Chandu (also known as the Battle of Pasir Panjang), 12–14 February 1942.^[1]

The park was officially opened in 1954, and was gazetted by the National Heritage Board as one of 11 World War II sites in Singapore in 1995.^[2] It is one of 300 parks managed by Singapore's National Parks Board, NParks.^[3]

History

The area occupied by Kent Ridge Park and the National University of Singapore was formerly known as Pasir Panjang Ridge, and was originally a lowland evergreen rainforest. The park's natural vegetation now consists of groves of Tembusu, Acacias and Dillenias.^[4] When the first settlers arrived in Singapore in the early 19th century, they grew crops such as rubber, pepper, gambier and pineapple on the ridge.^[5] During World War II, it was used as a fortress by the British in the defence of Singapore. Many of the plantations were destroyed or abandoned during the Japanese Occupation (1942–1945), allowing the crops to grow wild.

On 23rd February 1954, the Governor of Singapore, Sir John Fearns Nicoll unveiled a plaque which declared the area had been renamed Kent Ridge to commemorate the visit by the Duchess of Kent and her son, the Duke of Kent, on 3rd October 1952. The plaque was erected at the junction of what is now Kent Ridge Road and South Buona Vista Road.^[6]

The park contains Bukit Chandu, alternatively known as Opium Hill (in Malay), after the opium processing factory owned by the British East India Company that was at the foot of the hill until 1910.^[7] During 12–14 February 1942, it was the site of the Battle of Bukit Chandu, fought by the 159 survivors of the Malay Regiment led by Lieutenant Adnan Bin Saidi against the 13,000 men of Lieutenant-General Mutaguchi Renya's 18th Division.^[1] The Malay Regiment's position on the hill was overrun by the Japanese and the battle ended in hand-to-hand combat after the last few defenders ran out of ammunition. All the officers except one, Lieutenant Abbas Abdul-Manan, and most of the men, were massacred in the aftermath.^[1]

The park today

The war museum, Reflections at Bukit Chandu, at 31K Bukit Chandu. The mural on the museum's wall is an artist's impression of the Battle of Bukit Chandu.

Formerly used to house senior British Army officers, the last remaining black and white colonial bungalow at 31K Bukit Chandu has been restored and converted into a World War II war museum called Reflections at Bukit Chandu, commemorating the war and those who fought in it. Originally there were two smaller bungalows below 31K, but they were demolished in 1987 to make way for a public parking lot. There are three life-size statues and a plaque outside the museum, honoring the Malay Regiment and commemorating the lives of those who died.^[8]

Kent Ridge Park, Labrador Park, and the war museum, are part of the Pasir Panjang Historic District, which focuses on WWII battlefield events in western Singapore.^[7] Together with Fort Siloso at Sentosa and The Battle Box at Fort Canning, they serve as a reminder of an important chapter in Singapore's modern history. Near to the park's children's playground there is a heritage site marker, showing where the 1942 Battle of Pasir Panjang was fought.^[2]

The park also has some decommissioned military artillery – two M114 155 mm howitzer guns and an AMX-13 Light Tank on permanent display, donated by the Ministry of Defence, part of its adoption of the park as an Army Green Park in support of the National Parks Board "Adopt-a-Park" scheme to inculcate a greater ownership among the public of local parks and greenery. The park's facilities include fitness corners, look-out points, a nature trail, a multi-purpose court and a canopy walk. The highest point of the park is 61 metres above sea level, from where there is a panoramic view of the coast of Pasir Panjang and some of the Southern Islands, approximately 5 km off the south-western coast of Singapore. Islands such as Pulau Bukom and Pulau Semakau are visible on a clear day.

Plant and animal life

A section of the 280-metre long canopy walk in Kent Ridge Park

The park is managed by the National Parks Board, and is open daily to the public. Admission is free except for entrance to the war museum. The park is accessible via entrances on Vigilante Drive and Pepys Road, off Pasir Panjang Road.^[9] Most of the remaining wild part of the park comprises secondary forest with plants native to Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia such as Tembusu, Angsana, White Leaf Fig, Common Pulai, Singapore Rhododendron, Pitcher plants, Cicada tree and Simpoh Air.^[10]

The trails through the park, including one for mountain biking, run almost parallel along the ridge. There is a natural pond with fishes and turtles in the north-west of the park. A 280-metre long canopy walk was completed in the eastern part of the park in October 2003, linking Kent Ridge Park to the war museum, Reflections at Bukit Chandu, enhancing the park's and museum's accessibility to the public. Along the walk, there are information boards providing educational information on the flora and fauna in the park. At the half-way point, there is a shelter for visitors to take a short break or to enjoy a scenic view of Normanton Park and the National Parks Board's plant nursery.^[9]

Due to its undisturbed habitat and abundant plant life, Kent Ridge Park has long been a bird sanctuary for resident and migratory birds during the winter season. As such, it is one of four popular birdwatching sites on mainland Singapore along with Pasir Ris Park, Fort Canning Park and Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.^[11] Birds found in the park include: White-crested Laughing Thrush, Collared Kingfisher, White-bellied Sea Eagle, Banded Woodpecker, Pink-necked Pigeon, Blue-tailed Bee-eater, White-breasted Waterhen, Spotted Dove.^[12]

Eco-tours and heritage tours are regularly organised by various special interest groups such as the Nature Society Singapore and the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, for students and the general public.^[13]

See also

This article is part of the History of Singapore series
Early history of Singapore (pre-1819)
Founding of modern Singapore (1819–1826)
Straits Settlements (1826–1867)
Crown colony (1867–1942)
Battle of Singapore (1942)
Japanese Occupation (1942–1945)
Sook Ching massacre (1942–1945)
Post-war period (1945–1955)
First Legislative Council (1948–1951)
Maria Hertogh riots(1950)
Second Legislative Council (1951–1955)
Anti-National Service Riots (1954)
Internal self-government (1955–1962)
Hock Lee bus riots (1955)
Merger with Malaysia (1962–1965)
Merger referendum (1962)
Operation Coldstore (1963)
Race riots in Singapore (1964)
MacDonald House bombing (1965)
Republic of Singapore (1965–present)
1969 race riots of Singapore (1969)
Operation Spectrum (1987)
East Asian financial crisis (1997)
Embassies attack plot (2001)
SARS outbreak (2003)
Timeline of Singaporean history
v · d · e

Singapore portal

• Battle of Pasir Panjang
• Fort Pasir Panjang
• Poh Ern Shih Temple

References

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Foong (1997), "Fighting the Enemy in Pasir Panjang: The Role of the Malay Regiment", p. 295.
2. ^ ^{a b} National Heritage Board (1995), "Battle of Pasir Panjang", p. 5.
3. ^ "About Us". National Parks Board. Archived from the original on 2008-01-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20080113231025/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/corporate_info.asp. Retrieved 2008-01-25. 
4. ^ "Kent Ridge Park". National Parks Board. Archived from the original on 2008-01-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20080115030239/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/park15.asp#. Retrieved 2008-01-25. 
5. ^ Thangamma (2006), "History of Kent Ridge Park", p. 144.
6. ^ Sivasothi, N. "A Pasir Panjang/Kent Ridge Heritage". Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. http://habitatnews.nus.edu.sg/heritage/pasirpanjang. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Information obtained from on-site information board at the Reflections at Bukit Chandu war museum.
8. ^ At the launch of SCCI publication, "The Price of Peace" on 21 June 1997.
9. ^ ^{a b} "Kent Ridge Park". National Parks Board. Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20071224090504/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/CPage.aspx?pg=20&prv=Y. Retrieved 2008-01-12. 
10. ^ Thangamma (2006), "Flora of Kent Ridge Park", pp. 146–153.
11. ^ "Birdwatching Trails by National Parks". South West Community Development Council. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/news. Retrieved 2007-08-16. 
12. ^ Thangamma (2006), "Birds at Kent Ridge Park", pp. 154–157.
13. ^ Sivasothi, N. "A Pasir Panjang/Kent Ridge Heritage". Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. http://habitatnews.nus.edu.sg/heritage/pasirpanjang. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 

Bibliography

• The Publicity Committee (1995). World War II Sites of Singapore—In Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the End of WWII. Singapore: National Heritage Board. 
• Thangamma & et el, Karthigesu (2006). Discover Singapore Heritage Trails. Singapore: National Heritage Board. ISBN 981-05-6433-3. 
• Lee, Geok Boi (2005). The Syonan Years: Singapore Under Japanese Rule 1942—1945. Singapore: National Archives of Singapore. ISBN 981-05-4290-9. 
• Yap, Siang Yong & et al (1992). Fortress Singapore—The Battlefield Guide. Singapore: Times Books International. ISBN 981-204-365-9. 
• Foong, Choon Han (1997). The Price of Peace—True Accounts of the Japanese Occupation. Singapore: Asiapac Booksooks. ISBN 981-3068-53-1. 
• Reflections at Bukit Chandu war museum, Singapore.

External links

• Map of Kent Ridge Park
• Interactive 360 degree view of Kent Ridge Park
• Kent Ridge Commemorative Plaque
• National Parks Board website
• Reflections at Bukit Chandu website

Coordinates: 1°17′1.53″N 103°47′25.98″E / 1.2837583°N 103.79055°E / 1.2837583; 103.79055