Muscle biopsy

Muscle biopsy
Muscle biopsy
Intervention

Micrograph of a muscle biopsy showing ragged red fibers, a finding seen in mitochondrial diseases. Gomori trichrome stain.
ICD-9: 15.01

In medicine, a muscle biopsy is a procedure in which a piece of muscle tissue is removed from an organism and examined microscopically. A biopsy needle is usually inserted into a muscle, wherein a small amount of tissue remains. Alternatively, an "open biopsy" can be performed by obtaining the muscle tissue through a small surgical incision. A muscle biopsy can lead to the discovery of problems with a nervous system, connective tissue, vascular system, or musculoskeletal system. In humans with weakness and low muscle tone, a muscle biopsy can help distinguish between myopathies (where the pathology is in the muscle tissue itself) and neuropathies (where the pathology is at the nerves innervating those muscles). Muscle biopsies can also help to distinguish among various types of myopathies, by microscopic analysis for differing characteristics when exposed to a variety of chemical reactions and stains.

However, in some cases the muscle biopsy alone is inadequate to distinguish between certain myopathies. For example, a muscle biopsy showing the nucleus pathologically located in the center of the muscle cell would indicate "centronuclear myopathy", but research has shown that a variety of myopathies can cause these centronuclear biopsy appearance, and hence the specific genetic testing becomes increasingly important.[1][2] Additionally muscle biopsy is the only certain way to clarify ones muscle fiber types. I.e. by undergoing a muscle biopsy one can get a clear picture of which type of muscles dominates his/her body.

References

  1. ^ Pierson CR, Tomczak K, Agrawal P, Moghadaszadeh B, Beggs AH (July 2005). "X-linked myotubular and centronuclear myopathies". J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 64 (7): 555–64. PMID 16042307. http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0022-3069&volume=64&issue=7&spage=555. 
  2. ^ Bitoun M, Maugenre S, Jeannet PY, et al. (November 2005). "Mutations in dynamin 2 cause dominant centronuclear myopathy". Nat. Genet. 37 (11): 1207–9. doi:10.1038/ng1657. PMID 16227997. 

External Links

See also

v · d · eOrthopedic surgery, operations/surgeries and other procedures on muscle/soft tissue (ICD-9-CM V3 82-84, ICD-10-PCS 0K-L)
Muscle, tendon, fascia, and bursa

muscle: Myotomy (Heller myotomy) · Muscle biopsy

tendon: Tenotomy · Tendon transfer

fascia: Fasciotomy

bursa: Bursectomy
Other

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)



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